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Imperialism

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The idea of gaining lots of land and wealth

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yellow journalism

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Sensationalized news stories, wanted to make the Spanish look bad in the newspapers

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Jingoism

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Throughout the Republican Party, a strong sense of jingoism, or extreme nationalism existed. They were ready for a declaration of war after what had played out up to that point

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Platt Agreement

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Cuba could never sign a treaty with another country giving it powers over their affairs, The US could intervene anytime to maintain peace there, Set up a naval base there Guantanamo Bay

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Foraker Act

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Made Puerto Rice our unincorporated territory. They are US citizens but have no constitonal rights. In 1947 we let them elect their own governor

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Jose Marti

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leader for the fight of Cuban independence

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Theodore Roosevelt

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led rough riders

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Emilio Aguinaldo

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launched guerilla warfare against the Americans

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What led to war between the US and Spain in 1898?

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McKinley Badmouthing, Sinking of the Maine

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What were the 2 fronts that the war was fought on?

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Manila Bay, coast of Cuba

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Rough Riders

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American soldiers on horseback in Cuba are called this. Teddy Roosevelt leads them

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Treaty of Paris results

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Spain granted independence to Cuba and gave most of its overseas holdings to the U.S: 20 million for the purchase of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.

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How/Why did the US get involved in imperialism

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1867 - U.S. purchased territory of Alaska from Russia, took over Hawaii, we were expanding, it seemed like we were going too far though

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Names of Anti-Imperialists

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Isolationists

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Isolationists

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Believed US should return to isolation. Felt that controlling the Philippines was a betrayal of Americas anti-imperialist roots. Believed alliances only drew nations into costly wars

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Realists

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Hoped U.S. would become a world power by following tradition of European powers. Believed international environment was lawless and all nations pursued on self-interests; thus power and military strength are important.

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Idealists

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Believed US could be a moral reformer to promote democracy and free trade. Woodrow Wilson believed US could prevent or mitigate conflicts between nations. Troops intervened in 1916 and 1918, but neither expedition solved Mexico's instability.

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Why did the United States want to develop overseas markets? Especially in Asia?

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Our primary interest in Asia was not conquest but commerce, more money

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What were the effects of US imperialism in Cuba and Puerto Rico? (Treaty of Paris)

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Spain granted independence to Cuba and gave most of its overseas holdings to the U.S: 20 million for the purchase of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam

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Open Door Policy

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We believed that all countries should be allowed to trade with China

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Sphere of Influence

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An area where a foreign nation controlled economic development such as railroads and mining

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Boxer rebellion

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Conflict that erupted in China in 1900. Angered by growing outside influence in their country, Chinese nationalists (boxers) attacked embassies in Beijing in an attempt to oust foreigners. While foreign countries debated who should control China secret Chinese societies were organized to end foreign control of their country. They did not like the other countries telling them what to do. Group nicknamed the Boxers started the boxer foreign embassies and killed 200 foreigners in their country

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"Great White Fleet"

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Roosevelt built a really nice navy and sent them around to show off

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Hay-Pauncefote treaty

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in 1901 the US and Great Brittan signed the treaty. Gave the US exclusive rights to build and control any proposed canal through Central America. Decided to build it in Panama. Wanted to connect the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans Shortened people's journey by 8,000 miles

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Roosevelt Corollary

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Roosevelt argued that instability in Latin America was likely to be a recurring problem. Therefore, he announced his own amendment to the Monroe Doctrine

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Why did Latin American nations resent American influence?

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Latin Americans resented our influence over them. First used in a tariff issue with Dominican Republic debt.

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Explain the process of building the Panama Canal

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Construction was not easy. Builders cut through mountains and dense jungles and constructed an innovative locks system. It required tons of concrete. It was the biggest dam in the world at the time. Construction was completed just before the outbreak of WWI in 1914.

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Explain what Roosevelt brought to the presidency

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speak softly and carry a big stick show our power to others

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Protectorate

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a political unit that depends on another government for its protection

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Anglo-Saxonism

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the idea that English-speaking nations had superior character, ideas, and systems of government and were destined to control other nations

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Manifest Destiny

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belief that we were told by god to rule everybody

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Pan-Americanism

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The idea that the United States and Latin America should work together to support peace and increase trade

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Matthew Perry

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A commodore in the American navy. He forced Japan into opening its doors to trade, which brought western influence to Japan while showing American might.

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Alfred Mahan

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us navy captain who encouraged the us to look outward for military bases, raw materials, markets

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Queen Liliuokalani

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the Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests, Queen of Hawaii who gave the U.S. naval rights to Pearl Harbor in 1887. Deposed by American settlers in 1893.

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Henry Cabot Lodge

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Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations

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How did the desire for more trade and markets lead to political change in the late 1800's?

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The US industrialized and many Americans took interest in the new imperialism

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What motivated the United States to expand in the Pacific?

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The desire for new markets led to trade with Japan overseas and the annexation of Hawaii

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How did the United States come to obtain Hawaii?

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The Hawaiians were worried that the economic crisis might force them to turn to the British or French for help

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Turner's Thesis

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said we needed to expand outside of the United States

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Seward's Folly & Alaska

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Newspapers called purchase Seward's Folly because Alaska was isolated and barren

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Taft's Dollar Diplomacy

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The US would increase its trade, American businesses would increase their profits and countries in Latin America would rise out of poverty and social disorder and European nations would have no reason to intervene in the region (substitute dollars for bullets) policy of using American troops to advance the interests of the American business community

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Causes of WWI in Europe

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European nations were locked in a worldwide competition to establish oversea empires, they built powerful economies premised on the industrial revolution. Colonies served as a source of raw materials, Britain and Germany were the 2 largest powers in the scramble for raw materials. A clash seemed almost inevitable

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Balkan Crisis

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issue with the Serbs and others wanting their freedom

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Self-determination

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This the idea that people who belong to a nation should have their own country and government

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Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

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His assassin was Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Serbian nationalist group called the Black Hand, which wanted to drive Austro-Hungarians out of Serbia

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Early US Neutrality

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During the first year of the war, Americans called it "the European War" so they could distance themselves from the atrocities

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Pro-British Sentiment

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we tend to always side with the British. British were good at using propaganda to sway our opinion. Wanted to make Germans look bad

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Central Powers

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Germany, The Austro-Hungarian Empire. Ottoman Empire

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Allied Powers

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England, France, and Russia

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Causes of US Joining WWI

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note we found that Germany sent to Mexico saying if they allied with them they would help Mexico take back land that the U.S. had. Lusitania was a British passenger ship which was sunk by German U-boats.

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Russian Revolution/Lenin/Bolsheviks

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Riots break out in Russia over the government's handling of the war and the scarcity of food and fuel. On March 15th Czar Nicholas abdicated the throne. Political leadership was passed to a temporary government, Government was unable to deal with the problems. Russia officially pulled out of the war to focus on Communist domestic issues. Agree to the treaty of Brest-Litovsk and they lost territory

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Selective Service

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Job was to organize war time conscription (draft) Any man from the age of 21-30 had to register for the draft, lottery would pick numbers randomly. 2.8 million American men were drafted.

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WIB

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created to coordinate the production of war materials. Bernard Baruch ran it

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Conscription

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the draft for the war

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Trench Warfare/No Man's Land

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trenches, middle was called no mans lad, nobody wanted to go into no mans land, "going over the top" meant going into no mans land

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Weapons of WWI

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machine guns, grenades, chemical gas

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African Americans & Women in WWI

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African Americans fought but were often segregated. Women could work as cooks or nurses in the army.

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Doughboys

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nickname for American soldiers in the war

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Convoy system

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when the U.S. would send supplies for the war they surrounded their ships with big war ships so the supply ships wouldn't get sunk.

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End of WWI/Armistice

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a treaty was signed to end the war

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The Big 4

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Wilson from US, David Lloyd George from GB, Clemenceau from France, Vittorio Orlando from Italy

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Wilson's 14 Points

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His plan for peace in Europe. Called for free trade and diplomacy in Europe

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League of Nations

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formed to keep peace

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Treaty of Versailles: Decisions & Implications

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Germany had to take all blame for the war, were stripped of their weapons. The German economy was destroyed because of reparations, which led to political instability that encouraged the rise of Hitler. The league of Nations was powerless from the beginning because of the U.S. refused to participate

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War Bonds

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giving money for the War efforts.

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