Physical Science Chapter 4 Answers – Flashcards
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Molecules are the smallest units of matter with the characteristic properties of a substance.
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TRUE
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Water beads up on wax paper because its cohesive forces are greater than the adhesive forces.
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TRUE
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The attractive forces between unlike molecules is called
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adhesion
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Molecules in a solid
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are held in nearly fixed positions by strong attractive forces
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Anytime a temperature difference occurs, you can expect
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heat movement from high temperature regions.
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The molecules of a gas are much closer together than molecules in a solid or liquid.
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FALSE
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Liquid water at 0ºC has to give up energy in order to become ice at 0ºC.
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TRUE
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When water vapor condenses to a liquid
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It transfers heat to the surroundings
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When the evaporation rate equals the condensation rate, the space above the liquid is
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saturated
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When you add heat to a substance the temperature
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might stay the same
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The great cooling effect produced by water evaporating comes from its high
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latent heat
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The transfer of heat that takes place by energy moving through space is called convection.
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FALSE
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The transfer of heat that occurs when energy moves from molecules to molecule is called
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conduction
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A liquid at 20ºC is twice as hot as the liquid at 10ºC.
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FALSE
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Iron heats up more rapidly than does aluminum because it has a greater specific heat.
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FALSE
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The heat needed to warm one gram of water one Celsius degree is called a
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calorie
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The water in a swimming pool is cooler than the surrounding sidewalk because it
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has a higher specific heat
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A statement that the energy supplied to a system in the form of heat, minus the work done by the system, is equal to the change in internal energy represents the
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1st law of thermodynamics
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The heat death of the universe is a theoretical time in the future when the universe is supposed to
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freeze at a uniform low temperature
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On the Celsius temperature scale
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the numbers relate to the boiling and freezing of water
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Heat is the
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total internal energy of an object
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The transfer of heat that takes place by the movement of groups of molecules with higher kinetic energy is
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convection
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The transfer of heat that takes place by energy moving through space is
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radiation
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The transfer of heat that takes place directly from molecule to molecule is
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conduction
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The evaporation of water cools the surroundings, and the condensation of this vapor
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warms the surroundings
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The heat involved in the change of phase from solid ice to liquid water is called
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latent heat of fusion
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The energy supplied to a system in the form of heat, minus the work done by the system, is equal to the change in internal energy. This statement describes the
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1st law of thermodynamics
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If you want to move heat from a region of cooler temp to a region of warmer temp, you must supply energy. This is described by the
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2nd law of thermodynamics
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More molecules are returning to the liquid state than are leaving the liquid state. This process is called
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condensation
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The temperature of a gas is proportional to the
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average kinetic energy of the gas molecules
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The temperature known as room temp is closest to
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20 Celsius
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In Kelvin, freezing point is
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273 K
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Styrofoam is good insulating material because
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it contains many tiny air pockets
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The transfer of heat that takes place because of density difference in fluids is
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convection
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As a solid undergoes a phase change to a liquid, it
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absorbs heat while remaining at a constant temperature
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Conduction best takes place in a
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solid
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Convection best takes place in a
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fluid
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Energy tends to degrade, becoming of lower and lower quality (which law)
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2nd law of thermodynamics
