IPS Chapter 5 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers| PH scale? |
| 1-14. |
| Acid and its use? |
H2SO4- Sulfuric Acid Used in production of paper, paints, and batteries. |
| Acids start with? Composed of what kind of ions? |
| Start with H. Composed of H+ ions. |
| Acids turn all litmus paper? |
| Red |
| Acids turn PH paper? |
| Red |
| Acids turn phenolphthalein? |
| Colorless/Clear |
| Acids and bases are corrosive meang? |
| They "eat away" at other materials. Bases are corrosive to tissue. |
| Acids taste? |
| Sour |
| Base and its use? |
NaOH-Sodium Hydroxide also called "lye" Used in soap, furniture stripping, and oven cleaner.
|
| Bases end with? Composed of ions? |
| End with OH. Composed of -H ions. |
| Bases taste? |
| Bitter. |
| Bases turn all litmus paper? |
| Blue |
| Bases turn PH paper? |
| Blue |
| Bases turn phenolphthalein? |
| Pink |
| Three common indicators? |
| phenolphthalein, litmus paper, and PH paper. |
| Salts |
| Chemical compounds formed by combining an acid and base. |
| Salts taste? |
| Salty |
| Salts turn litmus paper? |
| Turn litmus paper same color. |
| Salts turn phenolphthalein? |
| Turn phenolphthalein colorless. |
| Salts turn PH paper? |
| Turn PH paper mustard yellow. |
| Salt and its use? |
NaHCO3- Sodium Bicarbonate or Baking Soda Used in Baking |
| Nuetraliztion? |
| The reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water. |
| Example of nuetralization equation? |
HCI+NaOH --> NaCI+HOH (H2O) Acid+Base --> Salt +Water |
| PH Scale? |
| Concentration of hydrogen scale. |
| Sulfuric Acid |
-Acid -Used in batteries, dyes, and rubber |
| Hydrochloric Acid |
| Found in the stomach to break down foods. |
| Nitric Acid |
-Acid -Used to manufacture explosives, plastics, and fertilizers |
| Citric Acid |
| Citrus fruit |
| Acetyl Salicylic Acid |
| Asprin |
| Boric Acid |
| Eye Wash |
| Carbonic Acid |
| Soda Pop |
| Sodium hydroxide |
-Base -Called Lye -Used to manufacture soap, paper, and sodium salts |
| Potassium Hydroxie |
-Base -Used to manufacture soft soap, greases, and potassium salts |
| Calcium Hydroxide |
-Base -Used to manufacture mortar, plaster, and lime water |
| Ammonium Hydroxide |
-Base -Used to manufacture household ammonia, fertilizers, and explosives |
| Sodium Chloride |
-Salt -Table salt |
| Sodium Carbonate |
-Salt -Used to manufacture glass and washing powders |
| Sodium Bicarbonate |
-Salt -Baking Soda |
| Sodium Nitrate |
-Salt -Manufacture fertilizers and explosives |
| Magnesium Sulfate |
-Salt -Fireproofing of textiles |
| Copper Sulfate |
-Salt -Used in copper planting and manufacture of fungicides |
| Acid |
| Chemical compounds which produce hydrogen ions (H+) when placed in water. |
| Base |
| Chemical compounds which produce hydroxyl ions (OH-) when placed in water. |
| Salt |
| Chemical compounds which are formed by combining an acid and a base. |
| On the PH scale what is 3? |
| Moderate Acid |
| What is 13 on the PH scale? |
| Stong base |
| On the PH scale 6 is? |
| Weak acid |
| What is water? |
| A chemical compound that is made up of 2 hydrogen ions and 1 oxygen ion. |
| Five body processes in which water is essential: |
| Cirrculation, Absorbtion, Growth, Excretion, Digestion |
| Properties of water |
-Expands when it freezes -Ice floats on water b/c it is less dense than water -Has a high specific heat -Called the universal solvent -Freezing point is 0 degrees celcius |
| Catalyst |
| Can either speed up or slow down a chemical reaction and won't undergo any permanant changes or be used up. |
| Solvent |
| Material used to dissolve something (water in saltwater) |
| Solute |
| Material that is dissolved (Salt in saltwater) |
| Sloutions |
-Particles are evenly dissolved (uniform) -Particles are invisible -Particles don't settle out |
| Three factors that affect the rate of dissolving |
| Tempature, nature of substance, and pressure |
| Liquids and solid are more soluable at _____ tempatures. |
| Higher |
| Gases are more soluable at ______ tempatures. |
| Lower |
| Carbon Dioxide is dissolved in soda under what conditions? |
| Lower temperatures and high pressure. |
| Solids become more soluable in water as temperatures _______. |
| Increase |
| Three things that inrease the rate of dissolving. |
-Grinding the solute (solid) -Shake the solution; mix it together -Increase the temperature of the solvent |
| How do solutes effect the boiling point of a substance? |
| Solutes raise the boiling and lower the freezing point. |
| Suspension |
Non-uniform mixture of tiny, insoluable solid particles distributed throughout a liquid or gas. Ex. Muddy water, oil based paints |
| Properties of a suspension |
-Particles are visible -Particles can be removed by filtration -Particles will settle out if left standing |
| Colloid |
Special kind of suspension where particles are medium sized, so they don't dissolve, but are evenly, distributed. Ex. Jello, Milk |
| Properties of a colloid |
-Particles are invisible -few or none of the particles can be removed -few or none of the particles will settle out on standing |
| Why is water shortage a problem? |
1.We use more water then we need 2.Water is needed for body function 3.When water is polluted plants and animals die |
| How much of earths surface does water cover? |
| 70% of earths surface |
| Seeding |
| When supersaturated are shaken to settle the excess solute out. |
| How much of earths water is saltwater? |
| 97% |
| Desalinization |
| Making fresh water into seawater. |
| Dilute solution |
| Contians a large amount of solvent compared to a relatively small amount of solute. |
| Concentrated Solution |
| Contains a comparatively large amount of solute dissolved in a small amount of solvent. |
| Unsaturated Solution |
| A solution in which the solvent has less solute dissolved in it than it can hold at a given temperature and pressure. |
| Saturated Solution |
| A solution in which the solvent has dissolved all the solute it can dissolve at a given temperature and pressure. |
| Supersaturated Solution |
| A solution that contians more dissolved solute than it would normally hold at a given tempature and pressure. |
| Hydrogen |
-is less dense than air -is "flamable air" |
| Carbon Dioxide |
-density is 1.8X10-3 and is more dense than air -Somothers fire -Solid carbon dioxide is dry ice |
| Commom gas that dissolves very well in water? |
Ammonia Carbon dioxide and oxygen are also slightly soluble in water. |
| How is acid rain formed? |
| Sulfur dioxide dissolves in rain water. |
| Problems with acid rain: |
-Dissolves surface of stone -Damages or kills plants -Harmful to animals |
| Formula for finding concentration when given data: |
ED+Solid;;;;;;; ED+Solution -ED;;;;;;;;;;;;;;- ED+Solid;;; Solid;;;;;;;;;;;;;; Mass of water=Volume of water ; ; Mass of solid Volume of water ; ; ; ; ; ; ; |
| 100g of potassium nitrate dissolved in 100cc of water at 80 degrees celcius. |
| Unsaturated with 69 grams to saturate. |
| Soft Soap |
| Base |
| Vinegar |
| Acid |
| Lye |
| Base |
| Ammonia |
| Base |
| Lemon Juice |
| acid |
| Soda |
| acid |
| Coffee |
| Acid |
| What is 11g in 33.3333cc of water in 100cc? |
| 33g/100cc |
| Large bodies of water take along time to change temperature because _______. |
| of water's high specific heat. |
| How do you know water is a compound mixture? |
| When hydrogen and oxygen were mixed they didn't make water. |
| What percent of water are plants and animals? |
| 60% |
| Water is a _______ molecule b/c of the negative and positve charges of the ____ and the ____. |
Polar oxygen atoms hydrogen atoms |
| hen is water at its maximum densit? |
| 4C |
| Does water have coessive or addesive properties? |
| Both |
| Boiling and evaporating water to purify it. |
| distillation |
