intro to chem words – Flashcards
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| diatomic molecule |
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| a molecule that consists of 2 atoms |
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| electron |
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| a subatomic particle that has a very low mass and caries a single negative charge |
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| empirical formula |
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| an expression showing the types of elements present and the simplest ratios of the different kinds of atoms |
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| family |
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| the elements in a vertical column of the periodic table |
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| groups |
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| the elements in a vertical column of the periodic table |
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| halogens |
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| the nonmetallic elements in group 7A (f,Cl,Br,I,&At) |
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| Hydrate |
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| compounds that have a specific number of water molecules attached to them |
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| Inorganic compounds |
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| compounds other than organic compounds |
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| ion |
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| an atom or a group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge |
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| ionic compound |
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| any neutral compound containing cations and anions |
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| monatomic ion |
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| an ion that contains only one atom |
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| neutron |
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| a subatomic particle that bears no net electric charge. its mass is slightly greater that its protons |
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| noble gasses |
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| Nonmetallic elements in group 8A (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn) |
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| nonmetal |
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| elements that are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity |
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| nucleus |
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| the central core of an atom |
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| organic compounds |
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| compounds that contain carbon, usually in combination with elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur |
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| periods |
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| a horizontal row of the periodic table |
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| periods |
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| a horizontal row of the periodic table |
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| periodic table |
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| a tubular arrangement of the elements |
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| polyatomic molecule |
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| a molecule that consists of more than 2 atoms |
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| polyatomic ion |
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| an ion that contains more than one atom |
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| proton |
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| a subatomic particle having a single positive electric charge. The mass of a proton is about 1840 times that of an electron |
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| acid |
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| a substance that yields hydrogen icons (H+)when it is dissolved in water |
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| alkali metal |
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| the group 1A elements (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr) |
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| alkaline earth metals |
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| the group 2A elements (Be,Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra) |
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| allotrope |
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| two or more forms of the same element that differ significantly in chemical and physical properties |
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| anion |
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| an ion with a net negative charge |
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| atom |
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| the basic unit of an element that can enter into chemical combination |
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| atomic number |
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| (z) the number of protons in the neucleus of an atom |
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| base |
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| a substance that yields hydroxide ions (OH-)when dissolved in water |
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| Binary compound |
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| compounds formed from just 2 elements |
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| cation |
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| an ion with a net positive charge |
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| c |
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| cation |
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| an ion with a net positive charge |
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| chemical formula |
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| an expression showing the chemical composition of a compound in terms of the symbols for the atoms of the elements involved |
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| law of conservation of mass |
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| the total quantity of energy in the universe is constant |
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| law of definite proportions |
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| different samples of the same compound always contain it's constituent elements in the same proportions by mass |
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| law of multiple proportions |
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| if 2 elements can combine to form more than one type of compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are ratios of small whole numbers |
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| mass number (a) |
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| the total number of neutrons and protons present in the nucleus of an atom |
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| metal |
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| elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity and have the tendency to form positive ions in ionic compounds |
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| metalloid |
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| an element with properties intermediate between those of metal and nonmetals |
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| molecular formula |
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| an expression showing the exact numbers of atoms of each element in a molecule |
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| molecule |
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| an aggregate of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by special forces |
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| Radio activity |
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| the spontaneous breakdown of an atom by emission of particles and/or radiation. |
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| Structural formula |
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| a chemical formula that shows how atoms are bonded to one another in a molecule |
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| ternary compound |
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| compounds consisting of 3 elements |
