Chemical Reactions – Flashcards

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Word Equations
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*Key Concept: To write a word equation, write the names of the reactants to the left of the arrow seperated by plus signs; write the names of the products of the reaction to the right of the arrow, also seperated by plus signs.
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Chemical Equation
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A representation of a chemical reaction; the reactants on the left are connected to the products on the right by an arrow.
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Skeleton Equation
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A chemical equation which is not balanced. It does not show relative amounts of each reactant or product.
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Catalyst
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A substance that speeds up a reaction, but is not used up in the reaction.
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Coefficents
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Whole numbers placed in front of formulas in an equation to indicate the relative amounts and balance the elements.
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Balanced Equation
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An equation in which each side has the same number of each type of atoms. *Key Concept: to write a balanced equation, first write the skeleton equation. Then use the coefficents to balance the equation so that it obeys the law of conservation of mass.*
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Classifying Reactions
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*key Concept: The five general types of reactions are synthesis, decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, and combustion.*
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Synthesis Reaction (Combination Reaction)
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A chemical reaction in which two or more chemicals come together to form one product.
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Decomposition Reaction
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A chemical change in which one substance breaks down into two or more products.
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Single-Replacement Reaction
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A chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound.
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Double Replacement Reaction
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A chemical change involving an exchange of positive ions between two compounds. They generally take place in aquaeous or gaseous solutions and one product usually forms a precipitate or gas.
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Combustion Reaction
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A chemical change in which a compound reacts with oxygen to produce energ as heat and light, water and carbon dioxide.
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Predicting Products of Chemical Reactions
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*Key Concept: The number of elements and/or compounds reacting is a good indicator of possible reaction types and products.*
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Complete Ionic Equations
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An equation which shows dissolved ionic compounds as dissocated free ions.
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Spectator ions
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An ion that appears on both sides of the equation and are not directly related to the reaction taking place.
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Net Ionic Equation
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An equation for a reaction which shows only the particles directly involved in chemical reactions.
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Predicting Precipitates
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*Key Concept: You can the predict the formation of a precipitate by using the general rules for solubility* (See table 11.3 on page 344)
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