Chemistry Chapter 13 Test Questions – Flashcards
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| HO- |
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| hydroxyl group |
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| alcohols |
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| the -OH group is attached to the aliphatic portion of the compound |
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| phenols |
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| the -OH is attached to the aliphatic portion of a compound (not a benzene ring) |
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| ethers |
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| the oxygen is attached to two carbon atoms |
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| alcohols are classified into what categories? |
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| primary, secondary, tertiary |
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| alcohols with 1 to 12 carbons will be what state? |
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| liquid |
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| why do alcohols have higher bp? |
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| because of the hydrogen bonding of hydroxyl group |
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| one two and three carbon alcohols are |
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| miscible in water |
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| alcohols with more than five carbons will have minimal |
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| water solubility |
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| what has the greatest effect on boiling point? |
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| intermolucular forces |
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| alkanes soluble or insoluble in water |
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| insoluble |
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| for something to be soluble in water it must be able to form |
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| hydrogen bondswith water or at least accept them |
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| water solubility rule of thumb, one O, N or F allows solubility of |
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| 3 to 4 carbons, attached to hydrogens |
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| if there are two or more -OH groups |
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| greater solubility, and higher bp |
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| more hydrogen bonds, greater or less solubility? |
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| greater |
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| the more hydrogen bonds the higher or lower the bp? |
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| higher |
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| the less carbons you have the higher or lower the bp? |
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| higher |
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| for reactions what four thing do you want to look at? |
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| the reagents, the functional groups, carbons with functional groups attached and adjacent carbon atoms |
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| dehydration |
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| the loss of a water molecule |
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| in dehydration the -OH and -H must be lost from |
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| adjacent carbon atoms |
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| the first product in a reaction |
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| predominates over the second (80/20) |
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| take the Hydrogen off the carbon with |
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| the least number of hydrogens to begin with |
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| type of reaction that forms ether |
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| condensation reaction |
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| oxidation |
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| the gain of bonds or loss of bonds to Hydrogen |
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| carbonyl group |
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| carbon must bond with hydrogen or carbon |
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| when oxidizing an organic compound |
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| a H must also be attached to the c atom undergoing oxidation |
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| oxidation of primary alcohols give |
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| carboxylic acid |
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| the oxidation of secondary alcohols gives |
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| ketones |
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| the oxidation of a tetiary compound yields |
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| no reaction |
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| alcohol plus sulfuric acid= |
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| dehydration |
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| alcohol plus oxygen= |
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| oxidation |
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| dehydration at a high temp gives |
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| alkenes |
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| dehydration at a low temp gives |
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| ether |
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| common alcohols |
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| methanol, ethanol, prpanol, ethylene glycol and glycerol |
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| methanol is used to make |
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| formaldehyde and MTBE |
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| ethanol is commonly called |
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| grain alcohol |
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| isopropyl is used for a solvent for |
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| medicines |
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| how many -OH groups does ethylene glycol have |
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| two |
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| is ethylene glycol soluble in water |
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| yes, miscible |
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| phenol is |
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| hydroxybenzene |
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| cholorseptic is |
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| one percent phenol |
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| which is more acidic alcohol or phenol? |
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| phenol |
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| the ion resulting from the loss of hydrogen from an alcohol |
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| alkoxide |
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| the ion resulting from the loss of hydrogen from phenol |
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| phenoxide ion |
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| alcohols are about as acidic as |
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| water |
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| ethers polar or nonpolar |
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| polar |
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| are small ethers soluble in water |
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| yes |
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| ehters can accept (blank) but cannot donate (blank) |
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| hydrogen bonds, hydrogen for hydrogen bonds |
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| heterocyclic compound |
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| something substituted in for carbon in a cyclic compound |
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| does the ether group take priority? |
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| no |
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| are ehter polar |
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| slightly |
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| is ether flammable |
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| yes |
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| is ether very reactive? |
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| no |
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| original anesthetic |
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| diethyl ether |
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| two natural ether products |
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| plant oils, and growth regualtors |
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| epoxicles |
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| three membered rings, very reactive |
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| bond angles of epoxides |
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| sixty degree |
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| thiols and disulfides contain |
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| sulfur |
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| thiols are sulfur analogs of |
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| alcohols |
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| also called |
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| mercaptans |
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| to name add (blank) to the parent hydrocarbon |
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| thiol |
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| what is crysteine? |
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| amino acids |
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| crysteine can form |
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| disulfide linkages |
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| disulfides formed by |
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| triols when in the presence of a mild oxidizing agent |
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| disulfides are biologically important for |
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| protein structure and stability |
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| heavy metals such as lead and mercury react with thiols to form |
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| insoluble compounds |
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| polyfunctional compounds |
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| biological molecules that have more than one functional groups |
