19.2 Chemical Formulas – Flashcards
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| ions |
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| an atom that has an electrical charge. |
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| ionic compound |
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| A compound made out of ions. |
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| Oxidation number |
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| Shows how many electrons are lost, Gained or Shared when bonding occurs. |
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| Monoatomic Ions |
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| ions that only have ONE atom. |
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| Polyatomic ions |
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| ions that contain more than one type of atom. |
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| RULES:part 1 |
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| 1. Write the chemical and oxidation number of the positive ion. If the positive ion is monoatomic (only one atom), you can find its oxidation number from the periodic table. If the positive ion is polyatomic, use table 19.2 to find the oxidation number of the polyatomic ion. |
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| RULES: Part 2 |
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| 2. Write the chemical formula and oxidation number for the negative ion. Again, USE THE PERIODIC TABLE IF THE NEGATIVE ION IS MONOATOMIC, or table 19.2 if the negative ion is polyatomic. |
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| Rule: Part 3 |
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| 3. Add the oxidation numbers of the positive and negative ions. Do THEY add up to zero? If yes, write the formula for the positive ion first and the negative ion second. Do not include the oxidation numbers in the chemical formula .BE SURE TO WRITE THE SUBSCRIPTS!!!! |
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| Rule: Part 4 |
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| 4. If the oxidation numbers don’t add up to zero, figure out how many of each ion you will need so that the oxidation numbers add up to zero, Find out how many each ion you will need so that the oxidation numbers add up to zero. (HINT: find the least common multiple between the two oxidation numbers. The number that you have to multiply each oxidation number by to equal the least common multiple tells you how many of each ion you need!) |
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| Naming Ionic Compounds |
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| 1. Write out the name of the first element in the compound. 2. Write out the root name of the second element. For example, Chlor – is the root word for Chlorine. Simply subtract the -ine ending. 3. Add the ending –ide to the root name. Chlor- becomes chloride. |
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| Naming Ionic Compounds Cont. |
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| To name a compound that contains polyatomic ions, follow these steps. 1. Write the name of the positive ion first. Use the periodic table or an ion chart to find its name. 2. Write the name of the negative ion second. Use the periodic table or an ion chart to find its name. |
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| Covalent compounds: |
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| Compounds that are formed through covalent bonds (shared electrons). |
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| Binary Compounds: |
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| Naming Covalent Compounds that consist of only two elements. |
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| Empirical Formula: |
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| the simplest whole-number ratios by which elements combine. |
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| Molecular Formula: |
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| The actual number of atoms of each element in the compound. |
