pre-lab 1 – Chemistry – Flashcards
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applied scientific method
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1. define problem 2. action plan 3. gather evidence 4. develop hypothesis 5. test hypothesis 6. reach conclusion 7. report results
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organophosphates
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exteremly potenet irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor
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types of organophophates
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1. sarin 2. VX
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what happens when acetylcholine does not break down
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nerves continuous state of firing which lead to violent muscle tremors and death
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what does atropine bind to
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muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
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the purpose of atropine binding
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acetylcholine not cause continuous muscle contractions
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what is the precursor to atropine
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tropinone
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what was the yield of tropinone in 1901
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0.75%
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what was the yield of tropinone in 1917
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greater than 90%
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what drug did tropinone help identify
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cocaine
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five categories of organic lab
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1. research 2. organic reaction 3. separation 4. purification 5. analysis
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research
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preparing mentally
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organic reaction
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making new compound or understand organic properties
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separation
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removing any unwanted starting materials or byproducts
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purification
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purifying desired product
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analysis
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identify product or any chemical compound
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what direction should equilibrium lie to get 100% yield
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all the way to the right
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-RCOOH
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carboxylic functional group
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what pka is the stronger acid
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lower pka
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what type of conjugate bases do strong acids have
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stable
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what is the difference between sodium benzoate and benzoic acid
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benzoic acid is not a salt, it is an organic molecule
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is benzoic acid harmful
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no
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how to obseve new chemical formed
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precipitation
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what are tools needed to separate solids and liquids
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1. wetted filter paper 2. buchner funnel 3. filter vac 4. filter flask 5. vaccum filtration apparatus 6. hose to vacuum
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how to rinse benzoic acid to prevent loss of product
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little ice-cold water as possible
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what is density
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mass/volume
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why is benzoic acid acidic
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1. double bond on the O pulls electrons away (inductive effect) 2. benzene ring resonance
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why is Cl- more stable than sodium benzoate
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less electronegative than O, more able to absorb charge
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why is sodium benzoate more stable than CH3O-
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has resonance which makes it mores stable
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why wouldn;t you choose ethanol to wash the benzoic acid product
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ethanol react with benzoic acd which would dissolve the product
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purpose of continuing the vacuum on benzoic acid after filtration and washed
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make sure product is completely dry = more accurate mass
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best way to get accurate mass
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1. filter 2. dry 3. scrape onto tared watch glass
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how to decrease ratio of 155 to equilibrium
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1. decrease acidity 2. use acid with higher Ka
