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Home Page Flashcards 1,4-Dichlorobenzene C6H4Cl2 structure - Flashcards

1,4-Dichlorobenzene C6H4Cl2 structure – Flashcards

Flashcard maker : Isabella Parker

C6H4Cl2 structure
Molecular Formula C6H4Cl2
Average mass 147.002 Da
Density 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 174.1±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point 65.6±0.0 °C
Molar Refractivity 36.0±0.3 cm3
Polarizability 14.3±0.5 10-24cm3
Surface Tension 36.7±3.0 dyne/cm
Molar Volume 113.3±3.0 cm3
  • Experimental data
  • Predicted – ACD/Labs
  • Predicted – EPISuite
  • Predicted – ChemAxon
  • Predicted – Mcule
  • Experimental Physico-chemical Properties

    • Experimental Melting Point:

      53 °C Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
      55 °C TCI D0687
      52-56 °C Alfa Aesar
      50-54 °C Merck Millipore 1481, 803226
      54 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 487
      52.09 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 26596
      53 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 13893, 14965, 27482, 27483, 27484, 27485, 27486
      55 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 27482, 27483, 27484, 27485, 27486
      52-56 °C Alfa Aesar A16290
      52 °C Biosynth J-503986
      52-54 °C LabNetwork LN00199543

    • Experimental Boiling Point:

      173-174 °C Alfa Aesar
      345 F (173.8889 °C)
      NIOSH CZ4550000
      174 °C Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
      173-174 °C Alfa Aesar A16290
      174.1 °C Biosynth J-503986
      173 °C LabNetwork LN00199543

    • Experimental Ionization Potent:

      8.98 Ev NIOSH CZ4550000

    • Experimental Vapor Pressure:

      1.3 mmHg NIOSH CZ4550000

    • Experimental Flash Point:

      65 °C Alfa Aesar
      150 F (65.5556 °C)
      NIOSH CZ4550000
      65 °C Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
      65 °C Alfa Aesar
      65 °F (18.3333 °C)
      Alfa Aesar A16290
      66 °C LabNetwork LN00199543

    • Experimental Gravity:

      1.248 g/mL Alfa Aesar A16290
      65.6 g/mL Biosynth J-503986

    • Experimental Solubility:

      0.008% NIOSH CZ4550000
  • Predicted Physico-chemical Properties

    • Predicted Melting Point:

      55 °C TCI
      55 °C TCI D0687
  • Miscellaneous

    • Appearance:

      Colorless or white crystalline solid with a mothball-like odor. [insecticide] NIOSH CZ4550000
      colourless or white crystals Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details

    • Stability:

      Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents,aluminium and its alloys, some plastics. Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details

    • Toxicity:

      ORL-MUS LD50 2950 mg kg-1, IPR-MUS LD50 2000 mg kg-1, IPR-RAT LD50 2562 mg kg-1, ORL-RAT LD50 500 mg kg-1 Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details

    • Safety:

      36/37-46-60-61 Alfa Aesar A16290
      36-40-50/53 Alfa Aesar A16290
      9 Alfa Aesar A16290
      H351-H400-H410-H302-H332-H319 Alfa Aesar A16290
      P261-P280-P281-P305+P351+P338-P405-P501a Alfa Aesar A16290
      Safety glasses, gloves, adequate ventilation. Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
      Warning Alfa Aesar A16290
      WARNING: Irreversible damage risk, protect skin/eyes/lungs. Alfa Aesar A16290

    • First-Aid:

      Eye: Irrigate immediately Skin: Soap wash Breathing: Respiratory support Swallow: Medical attention immediately NIOSH CZ4550000

    • Exposure Routes:

      inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact NIOSH CZ4550000

    • Symptoms:

      Eye irritation, swelling periorbital (situated around the eye); profuse rhinitis; headache, anorexia, nausea, vomiting; weight loss, jaundice, cirrhosis; in animals: liver, kidney injury; [potential o
      ccupational carcinogen] NIOSH CZ4550000

    • Target Organs:

      Liver, respiratory system, eyes, kidneys, skin Cancer Site [in animals: liver & kidney cancer] NIOSH CZ4550000

    • Incompatibility:

      Strong oxidizers (such as chlorine or permanganate) NIOSH CZ4550000

    • Personal Protection:

      Skin: Prevent skin contact Eyes: Prevent eye contact Wash skin: When contaminated/Daily Remove: When wet or contaminated Change: Daily Provide: Eyewash, Quick drench NIOSH CZ4550000

    • Exposure Limits:

      NIOSH REL : Ca See Appendix A OSHA PEL ?: TWA 75 ppm (450 mg/m 3 ) NIOSH CZ4550000

    • Drug Status:

      agricultural use Microsource
      [00330055]
  • Gas Chromatography

    • Retention Index (Kovats):

      1040 (estimated with error: 72) NIST Spectra mainlib_107698, replib_69783, replib_228530, replib_290556
      1016 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 160 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Haken, J.K.; Korhonene, I.O.O., Retention increments of isomeric chlorobenzenes, J. Chromatogr., 265, 1983, 323-327., Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 160 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: SE-30; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Santiuste, J.M.; Harangi, J.; Takacs, J.M., Mosaic increments for predicting the gas chromatographic retention data of the chlorobenzenes, J. Chromatogr. A, 1002, 2003, 155-168., Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 160 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: SE-30; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Tarjan, G.; Nyiredy, Sz.; Gyor, M.; Lombosi, E.R.; Lombosi, T.S.; Budahegyi, M.V.; Meszaros, S.Y.; Takacs, J.M., Review. Thirtieth Anniversary of the Retention Index According to Kovats in Gas-Liquid Chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 472, 1989, 1-92., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.13 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 10 K/min; Start T: 30 C; End T: 280 C; End time: 3 min; Start time: 2 min; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: He; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Ramarathnam, N.; Rubin, L.J.; Diosady, L.L., Studies on meat flavor. 4. Fractionation, characterization, and quantitation of volatiles from uncured and cured beef and chicken, J. Agric. Food Chem., 41(6), 1993, 939-945.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1012 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 140 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: SPB-1; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Vezzani, S.; Bertocchi, A.; Moretti, P.; Castello, G., Prediction of the gas chromatographic retention values of chlorobenzenes on different station phases by using structure-retention correlations, J. Chromatogr. A, 803, 1998, 211-218.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      993 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 0 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: SE-30; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Spieksma, W.; Luijk, R.; Govers, H.A.G., Determination of the Liquid Vapour Pressure of Low-Volatility Compounds from the Kovats Retention Index, J. Chromatogr., 672, 1994, 141-148.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      970 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 120 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Haken, J.K.; Korhonene, I.O.O., Retention increments of isomeric chlorobenzenes, J. Chromatogr., 265, 1983, 323-327., Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 160 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: SE-30; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Evans, M.B.; Haken, J.K., Dispersion and selectivity indices in gas chromatography. IV. Chlorinated aromatic compounds, J. Chromatogr., 468, 1989, 373-382.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1015 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 140 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Haken, J.K.; Korhonene, I.O.O., Retention increments of isomeric chlorobenzenes, J. Chromatogr., 265, 1983, 323-327.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1000 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column length: 1.5 m; Column type: Packed; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: He; Substrate: Chromosorb G HP (80-100 mesh); Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Ramsey, J.D.; Lee, T.D.; Osselton, M.D.; Moffat, A.C., Gas-liquid chromatographic retention indices of 296 non-drug substances on SE-30 or OV-1 likely to be encountered in toxicological analyses, J. Chromatogr., 184, 1980, 185-206.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1023.15 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 100 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 1 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Harangi, J., Short communication. Retention index calculation without n-alkanes — the virtual carbon number, J. Chromatogr. A, 993, 2003, 187-195.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1023.18 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 100 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 1 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Harangi, J., Short communication. Retention index calculation without n-alkanes — the virtual carbon number, J. Chromatogr. A, 993, 2003, 187-195.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1032.51 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 120 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 1 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Harangi, J., Short communication. Retention index calculation without n-alkanes — the virtual carbon number, J. Chromatogr. A, 993, 2003, 187-195.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1032.76 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 120 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 1 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Harangi, J., Short communication. Retention index calculation without n-alkanes — the virtual carbon number, J. Chromatogr. A, 993, 2003, 187-195.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1037.4 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 120 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: HP-5; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Santiuste J.M.; Takacs J.M., Relationships between retention data of benzene and chlorobenzenes with their physico-chemical properties and topological indices, Chromatographia, 58, 2003, 87-96., Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 120 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: HP-5; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Santiuste, J.M.; Harangi, J.; Takacs, J.M., Mosaic increments for predicting the gas chromatographic retention data of the chlorobenzenes, J. Chromatogr. A, 1002, 2003, 155-168.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1046 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 140 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: HP-5; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Santiuste J.M.; Takacs J.M., Relationships between retention data of benzene and chlorobenzenes with their physico-chemical properties and topological indices, Chromatographia, 58, 2003, 87-96.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1060 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column length: 2.25 m; Column type: Packed; Start T: 130 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: Apiezon L; Substrate: Celite; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Wehrli, A.; Kovats, E., Gas-chromatographische Charakterisierung ogranischer Verbindungen. Teil 3: Berechnung der Retentionsindices aliphatischer, alicyclischer und aromatischer Verbindungen, Helv. Chim. Acta, 7, 1959, 2709-2736.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1483.2 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 120 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: ZB-Wax; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Perez-Parajon, J.M.; Santiuste, J.M.; Takacs, J.M., Sensitivity of the methylbenzenes and chlorobenzenes retention index to column temperature, stationary phase polarity, and number and chemical nature of substituents, J. Chromatogr. A, 1048, 2004, 223-232.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1438 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard polar; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Column length: 22 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 140 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: Carbowax 20M; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Haken, J.K.; Korhonene, I.O.O., Retention increments of isomeric chlorobenzenes, J. Chromatogr., 265, 1983, 323-327., Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard polar; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Column length: 22 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 160 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: Carbowax 20M; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Evans, M.B.; Haken, J.K., Dispersion and selectivity indices in gas chromatography. IV. Chlorinated aromatic compounds, J. Chromatogr., 468, 1989, 373-382.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1471 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard polar; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Column length: 22 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 160 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: Carbowax 20M; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Haken, J.K.; Korhonene, I.O.O., Retention increments of isomeric chlorobenzenes, J. Chromatogr., 265, 1983, 323-327.) NIST Spectra nist ri

    • Retention Index (Lee):

      163.15 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: Methyl Silicone; Data type: Lee RI; Authors: Eckel, W.P.; Ross, B.; Isensee, R.K., Pentobarbital found in ground water, Ground Water, 31(5), 1993, 801-804.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      164.81 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: Methyl Silicone; Data type: Lee RI; Authors: Eckel, W.P.; Ross, B.; Isensee, R.K., Pentobarbital found in ground water, Ground Water, 31(5), 1993, 801-804.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      163 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 5 K/min; Start T: 50 C; End T: 280 C; End time: 10 min; Start time: 5 min; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: HP5-MS; Carrier gas: Helium; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Lee RI; Authors: Vrana, B.; Paschke, H.; Paschke, A.; Popp, P.; Schuurmann, G., Performance of semipermeable membrane devices for sampling of organic contaminants in groun water, J. Envirom. Monit., 7, 2005, 500-508.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      162 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 8 K/min; Start T: 40 C; End T: 285 C; End time: 29.5 min; Start time: 3 min; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Lee RI; Authors: Donnelly, J.R.; Abdel-Hamid, M.S.; Jeter, J.L.; Gurka, D.F., Application of gas chromatographic retention properties to the identification of environmental contaminants, J. Chromatogr., 642, 1993, 409-415.) NIST Spectra nist ri

    • Retention Index (Normal Alkane):

      1057 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: Polydimethyl siloxanes; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Zenkevich, I.G.; Eliseenkov, E.V.; Kasatochkin, A.N., Application of Retention Indices in GC-MS Identification of Halogenated Organic Compounds, Mass Spectromery (Rus.), 3(2), 2006, 131-140, In original 131-140.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      970 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2 K/min; Start T: 80 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: OV-101; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Messadi, D.; Ali-Mokhnache, S., Calculation of retention indices and peak widths in temperature programmed gas-liquid chromatography, Chromatographia, 37(5/6), 1993, 264-270., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: Methyl Silicone; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Yu, H.; Zazhi, J., Relationship between chromatogram retention index and toxicity of chlorinated phenols and chlorinated benzenes to Guppy, J. Enviropn. Health (Chinese), 22(6), 2005, 441-444.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1009.7 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 10 K/min; Start T: 40 C; End T: 260 C; Start time: 5 min; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 3 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: J&W Scientific, Solvent Retention Data, 2003.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      990 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 40C(4min)=>(7C/min)=>190C=>(10C/min)=>250C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 1 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Lee, J.-H.; Hwang, S.M.; Lee, D.W.; Heo, G.S., Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using tedlar bag/solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME/GC/MS) in ambient and workplace air, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 23(3), 2002, 488-496.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1004 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 5 K/min; Start T: 50 C; End T: 200 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: BP-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.75 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Health Safety Executive, MDHS 96 Volatile organic compounds in air – Laboratory method using pumed solid sorbent tubes, solvent desorption and gas chromatography, in Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS) guidance, Crown, Colegate, Norwich, 2000, 1-24.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      990.7 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 35C(4min) =>4C/min =>130C =>25C/min =>200C(5min); CAS no: 106467; Active phase: CP Sil 5 CB; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 1.2 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Miermans, C.J.H.; van der Velde, L.E.; Frintrop, P.C.M., Analysis of volatile organic compounds, using the purge and trap injector coupled to a gas chromatograph/ion-trap mass spectrometer: Review of the results in Dutch surface water of the Rhine, Meuse, Northern Delta Area and Westerscheldt, over the period 1992-1997, Chemosphere, 40, 2000, 39-48.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1002 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 15 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 80 0C (2 min) ^ 20 0C/min -> 220 0C 91 min) ^ 5 0C/min -> 280 0C (6 min); CAS no: 106467; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: He; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: LeBel, G.L.; Williams, D.T., Determination of halogenated contaminants in human adipose tissue, J. Ass. Offic. Anal. Chem, 69(3), 1986, 451-458., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 4 K/min; Start T: 35 C; End T: 220 C; End time: 2 min; Start time: 10 min; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: RTX-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 3 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Restek, Restek International, 1999 Product Guide, 1(1), 1999, 578-591, In original 578-591.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      989 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 55 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 40C(3min) => 20C/min =>80C =>2C/min=>240C(45min); CAS no: 106467; Active phase: CP Sil 2; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Fuhrer, U.; Deissler, A.; Schreitmuller, J.; Ballschmiter, K., Analysis of Halogenated Methoxybenzenes and Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the Picogram m-3 Range in Marine Air, Chromatographia, 45, 1997, 414-427.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1009 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: Polydimethyl siloxanes; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Zenkevich, I.G.; Chupalov, A.A., New Possibilities of Chromato Mass Pectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds Using Increments of Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices of Molecular Structural Fragments, Zh. Org. Khim. (Rus.), 32(5), 1996, 656-666, In original 656-666.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      986 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: DB-1; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Ciccioli, P.; Cecinato, A.; Brancaleoni, E.; Brachetti, A.; Frattoni, M.; Sparapani, R., Composition and Distribution of Polar and Non-Polar VOCs in Urban, Rural, Forest and Remote Areas, Eur Commission EUR, , 1994, 549-568.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      988 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: SPB-1; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Vezzani, S.; Moretti, P.; Castello, G., Fast and Accurate Method for the Automatic Prediction of Programmed-Temperature Retention Times, J. Chromatogr. A, 677, 1994, 331-343.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      974 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2 K/min; Start T: 80 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: OV-101; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Messadi, D.; Ali-Mokhnache, S., Calculation of retention indices and peak widths in temperature programmed gas-liquid chromatography, Chromatographia, 37(5/6), 1993, 264-270.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      987 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 50C(8min) =>3C/min =>150C =>35C/min =>275C (10min); CAS no: 106467; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Ibrahim, E.A.; Suffet, I.H., Freon FC-113, an Alternative to Methylene Chloride for Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Trace Organics from Chlorinated Drinking Water, J. Chromatogr., 454, 1988, 217-232.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      996.7 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column length: 1.1 m; Column type: Packed; Heat rate: 8.5 K/min; Start T: 50 C; End T: 300 C; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: OV-101; Carrier gas: N2; Substrate: Chromosorb W HP; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Saxton, W.L., Emergence temperature indices and relative retention times of pesticides and industrial chemicals determined by linear programmed temperature gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 393, 1987, 175-194.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1011.1 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column length: 1.8 m; Column type: Packed; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: OV-101; Carrier gas: N2; Substrate: Chromosorb W HP; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Yurawecz, M.P.; Puma, B.J., Gas chromatographic determination of electron capture sensitive volatile industrial chemical residues in foods, using AOAC pesticide multiresidue extraction and cleanup procedures, J. Ass. Offic. Anal. Chem, 69(1), 1986, 80-86.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      994 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: OV-1; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds in Blood by Headspace Gas Chromatography as an Aid to the Diagnosis of Solvent Abuse, J. Chromatogr., 240, 1982, 423-444.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1023 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column type: Other; CAS no: 106467; Active phase: Methyl Silicone; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Ardrey, R.E.; Moffat, A.C., Gas-liquid chromatographic retention indices of 1318

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      Question
      What is the right structure for an essay
      Answer
      A paragraph is a related group of sentences that develops one main idea. Each paragraph in the body of the essay should contain:
      • a topic sentence that states the main or controlling idea
      • supporting sentences to explain and develop the point you’re making
      • evidence from your reading or an example from the subject area that supports your point
      • analysis of the implication/significance/impact of the evidence finished off with a critical conclusion you have drawn from the evidence.