NUT101 VOCAB – Flashcards
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Beriberi
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name of thiamine deficiency disease
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Pork / Ham
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a food unusually rich in thaimin
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Ultraviolet Light
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exposure to this leads to destruction of riboflavin
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Dairy
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a food source that supplies a substantial amount of peoples riboflavin intake
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Riboflavin
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deficiency of this vitamin leads to cracks and redness at corners of the mouth
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Intrinsic Factor
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required for absorption of vitamin B12
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Pantothenic acid
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This vitamin is a component of acetyl CoA
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Choline
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a conditionally essential nutrient
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Ultraviolet light
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Exposure to this leads to destruction of riboflavin
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Vitamin A
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promotes bone dismantling prior to bone growth
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Xerophthalmia
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condition that results from severe vitamin A deficiency
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Folate
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Prevention of neural tube defects is related to increased intake of this substance by pregnant women
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Beriberi
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Name of thiamin deficiency disease
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Iron Overload
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Excess intake of vitamin c may aggravate this disorder
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Intrinsic factor
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Required for absorption of vitamin B12
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may be benficial for treating fibrocytic breast disease
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Vitamin E
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Riboflavin
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Deficiency of this vitamin leads to cracks and redness at corners of the mouth
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Vegetable Oils
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typical food source of vitamin E
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Biotin
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Deficiency of this vitamin is induced by feeding raw egg whites
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Erythrocyte hemolysis
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vitamin E deficiency disorder in premature infants
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Pork
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A food unusually rich in thiamin
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Keratin
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the protein of hair and nails
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Broccoli
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A concentrated source of vitamin C
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Ascorbic Acid
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the antiscorbutic factor
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Ascorbic acid
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The antiscorbutic factor
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Iron overload
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Excess intake of vitamin C may aggravate this disorder
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Niacin
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High doses are known to lower LDL cholesterol
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Tryptophan
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Used for synthesis of niacin
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Vegetable oils
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Typical food source of vitamin E
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Dairy
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A food source that supplies a substantial amount of people's riboflavin intake
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Vitamin B6
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Toxicity from this vitamin is known to cause nerve damage and inability to walk
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Cholestero
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Precursor for vitamin D synthesis
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Coagulation
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Another term for blood clotting
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Green leafy vegetables
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Food source of vitamin K
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Vitamin E
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May be beneficial for treating fibrocystic breast disease
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Corn
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Over consumption of this food has resulted in pellagra
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Vitamin B12
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Required to maintain nerve fiber sheath
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Erythrocyte hemolysis
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Vitamin E deficiency disorder in premature infants
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Folate
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prevention of neural tube defects is related to increased intake of this substance by pregnant women
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Collagen
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Vitamin C is required for the synthesis of this substance
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Acne
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chronic inflammation of skin follicles and oil producing glands
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osteomalacia
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vitamin D deficiency in adults
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Anticoagulant
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substance that prevents clotting of the blood
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Green Leafy Vegetables
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food source of Vitamin K
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Anemia
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One of the first symptoms of folate deficiency
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Vitamin K
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substance that promotes synthesis of prothtombin
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Collagen
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Vitamin C is required for the synthesis of this substance
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Pantathenic Acid
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this vitamin is a component of acetyl-CoA
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B12
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required to maintain nerve fiber sheath
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Choline
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Made in the body from methionine
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Rickets
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Vitamin D deficiency disease in children
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Coagulation
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another term for blood clotting
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Retinal Binding Protein
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Transport protein of vitamin A
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Broccoli
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a concentrated source of vitamin C
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Anemia
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one of the first symptoms of folate deficiency
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hypercalcemia
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term denoting high blood calcium
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Menadione
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sythetic form of Vitamin K
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Antibiotics
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use of this increases the risk for vitamin K deficiency
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Keratin
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The protein of hair and nails
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Antibiotics
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Use of this increases risk for vitamin K deficiency
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Rickets
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Vitamin D deficiency disease in children
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Acne
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Chronic inflammation of skin follicles and oil-producing glands
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Anticoagulant
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Substance that prevents clotting of the blood
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Calbindin
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A vitamin K-dependent transport protein
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Carotene
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Pigment in carrots and pumpkins
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Corn
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over consumption of this food has resulted in pellagra
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Niacin
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high doses are known to lower LDL cholesterol
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Biotin
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deficiency of this vitamin is induced by feeding raw egg whites
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Carotene
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pigment in carrots and pumpkins
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Cholesterol
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precusor for vitamin D sythesis
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B6
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toxicity from this vitamin is known to cause nerve damage and inability to walk
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Hemolytic
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type of anemia prevented by vitamin E
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Tryptophan
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used for synthesis of niacin
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Hemolytic
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Type of anemia prevented by vitamin E
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1 Cup
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Serving size of rice on a food label
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Bran
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Part of grain richest in fiber
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Vitamin A
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Nutrient commonly added in cow's milk fortification process
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3
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Number of USDA Food Guide ounce equivalents in ¾ cup cooked legumes
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Antioxidants and heart disease
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Health claim not allowed on food labels without a disclaimer
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USDA
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Origin of the Food Guide eating plan
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Soybeans
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Commonly used to make textured vegetable protein
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1/2 Cup
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Serving size (equivalent to 1 oz) of rice in the Food Guide
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40
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Grams of fat supplied by a 1200-kcalorie diet that is 30% fat
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Nutrient density
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The principle of recognizing that a food has more iron than another food when expressed per kcalorie
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Margarine containing plant sterols
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Example of a functional food
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Endosperm
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Part of grain containing most of the starch
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65
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Maximum number of grams of fat recommended on a 2000-kcalorie diet
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Balance
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The principle of consuming a number of foods in proportion to each other
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FDA
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Agency that regulates food labeling
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Fibrin
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Composition of a blood clot
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Inorganic
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Substance containing no carbon or not pertaining to living things
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Vitamin K
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Substance that promotes synthesis of prothrombin
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Anthropometrics
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Measurement of physical characteristics
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Xerophthalmia
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Condition that results from severe vitamin A deficiency
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Overt deficiency
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A nutrient deficiency showing outward signs
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Vitamin A
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Promotes bone dismantling prior to bone growth
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Osteomalacia
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Vitamin D deficiency disease in adults
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Fat
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Nutrient with the highest energy density
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Green peas
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Legume belonging to the starch category of exchange lists
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Sodium and hypertension
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Reliable health claim allowed on food labels
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Orange juice containing added calcium,
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Example of a fortified food
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Subclinical deficiency
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A nutrient deficiency in the early stages
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Organic
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Most substances containing carbon-hydrogen bonds
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Vitamin B12
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Nutrient commonly added in soy milk fortification process
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Iron
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Nutrient added in grain enrichment process
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Aldosterone
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Stimulates retention of sodium by kidneys
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Calcium
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Most prevalent major mineral in the body
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Hydroxyapatite
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Crystalline structure of bone
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1500
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Recommended water intake (in mL) for infant expending 1,000 kcalories
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Renin
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Enzyme released by kidneys
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Phosphate in solution
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An anion
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Parathyroid hormone
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Hormone that helps regulate calcium balance
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Magnesium
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Catalyst for ATP formation
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Phosphorous
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The protein in milk is a good source of this mineral
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1000
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Recommended calcium intake (mg/day) for college-age students
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Placebo
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An inert medication
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Overnutrition
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Excess nutrient intake leads to this
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100
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Energy (kcal) required to increase temperature of 1 kg of water from 0° C to 100° C
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Physical Examination
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Inspection of skin, tongue, eyes, hair, and fingernails
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Undernutrition
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Deficient nutrient intake leads to this
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40
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Number of indispensable nutrients for human beings
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Protein
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Substance containing nitrogen
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7
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Energy (kcal) yield of one gram of alcohol
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Antidiuretic hormone
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Stimulates retention of water by kidneys
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30
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Percentage of dietary calcium absorbed by average adult
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350
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Typical amount (in mL) of water lost from lungs every day
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100
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Number of times more acidic a substance with pH of 4 is versus a substance with pH of 2
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Vitamin D
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Substance that enhances absorption of calcium
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Oxalate
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Substance that inhibits absorption of calcium
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Potassium in solution
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A cation
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55
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Percentage of dietary calcium absorbed by newborn infants
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Keshan
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Disease associated with severe selenium deficiency
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Sulfur
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Mineral that accounts for the structure of many proteins
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600
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Amount of calcium, in mg, in 2 cups of milk
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Hemochromatosis
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Condition characterized by large deposits of iron storage protein in body tissues
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Cobalt
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Mineral that forms integral part of vitamin B12
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Tannic acid
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Substance in coffee and tea that reduces iron absorption
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Tea
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Significant dietary source of fluoride
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Ferritin
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Iron storage protein
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Hemoglobin
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Iron-containing protein in erythrocytes
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MFP Factor
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Enhances absorption of nonheme iron
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Zinc
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A deficiency of this element retards growth and arrests sexual maturation
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Myoglobin
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Oxygen-carrying protein in muscle
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Chromium
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Deficiency leads to hyperglycemia
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Fluorosis
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Condition associated with discoloration of tooth enamel
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Carbohydrase
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Enzyme that digests starch
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Heme
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Form of iron found only in animal flesh
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Fluorapatite
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Stabilized form of tooth crystal
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Iron
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Toxicity from this mineral is twice as prevalent as deficiency in men
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Nonheme
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Form of iron found in both plant and animal foods
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Epiglottis
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Prevents food from entering the windpipe when swallowing
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Goiter
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Iodine deficiency disease
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Fortified salt
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Major dietary source of iodine
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Pica
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Craving for non-food substances
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Ileocecal valve
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Controls the entry of chyme into the colon
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Gallbladder
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Organ that releases bile into the small intestine
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Secretin
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Hormone that signals release of pancreatic bicarbonate
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Gastrin
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Hormone that triggers release of gastric acid
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Diffusion
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Absorption mechanism that does not require energy
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Hydrochloric acid
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A component of gastric juice
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Hepatic portal vein
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Vessel that carries blood from GI tract to liver
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Capillary
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Connects an artery to a vein
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Validity
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Possessing the quality of showing evidence
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16
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Number of indispensable minerals for human beings
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Retinol-binding protein
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Transport protein of vitamin A
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Energy
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The recommended intake is set at the population mean
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20
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Energy (kcal) yield of five grams of sugar
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Hypothesis
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An unproven statement
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Water
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Nutrient with the highest body concentration
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Pylorus
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Controls the entry of chyme into the duodenum
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Lymphatic system
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Carries fat-soluble vitamins
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MEOS
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A system for metabolizing drugs and alcohol
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Hepatic vein
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Vessel that carries blood from liver to heart
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Cholecystokinin
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Hormone that signals release of bile
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Villus
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Fingerlike projection of small intestinal lining
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Enzyme
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Substance that helps make or break a chemical bond
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Goblet
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Type of cell that secretes mucus
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Appendix
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Organ that stores lymph cells
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Active transport
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Absorption mechanism that requires energy
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Liver
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Organ that synthesizes bile
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Acetoacetate
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A ketone
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Gastric alcohol dehydrogenase
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An enzyme with activity levels related to a person's sex
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Coenzyme
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A small non-protein organic substance that promotes optimal activity of an enzyme
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Glycerol
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The part of a triglyceride that is convertible to glucose
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Enzyme
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A protein that accelerates a chemical reaction
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Glycogen
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A storage form of carbohydrate
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Water
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Waste product of the electron transport chain
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Pyruvate
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A product of glycolysis
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Cori cycle
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A recycling process of converting lactate to glucose
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Glucose
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The major energy fuel for the central nervous system
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NAD
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A coenzyme required for metabolism of alcohol
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Synthesis of pyruvate from glycogen
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Example of a catabolic reaction
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Ammonia
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A product of deamination
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Acetyl CoA
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The oxidation product of pyruvate
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Satiety
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A feeling of fullness after eating
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Synthesis of acetyl CoA from glucose
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An irreversible reaction
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Synthesis of cholesterol from acetate
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Example of an anabolic reaction
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Lactate
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A product of pyruvate metabolism when oxygen is limited
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Urea
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The principal nitrogen-containing waste product
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Triglyceride
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A compound synthesized from acetyl CoA when ATP is plentiful
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Stress eating
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Eating in response to arousal
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100
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The amount of energy in a 1000-kcalorie meal that is expended as specific dynamic activity
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Indirect calorimetry
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Technique used to measure the amount of oxygen consumed when a food burns
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Adaptive thermogenesis
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Changes in energy expenditure consequent to changes in environment
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Hunger
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Irritating sensation that initiates thoughts of food
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25
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Body mass index of an adult of 180 lbs and 5 ft 11 in
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5
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The percentage decline in basal metabolism per decade of adult life
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Appetite
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Response to the smell of favorite food
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Caffeine
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A factor that raises basal metabolism
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Fasting
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A factor that lowers basal metabolism
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Basal metabolism
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Energy needed to maintain the body at rest
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External cue
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Eating in response to the time of day
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Direct calorimetry
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Technique used to measure the amount of heat given off when a food burns
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7000
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Approximate number of kcalories in 2 pounds of body fat
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18
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Lower range of body fat percentage in normal-weight men
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Specific dynamic effect
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Synonymous with the thermic effect of food
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Thermic effect
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Term that describes the energy needed to process food
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20
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Maximum thermic effect of alcohol as percentage
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2
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Approximate number of kcalories per minute expended by a person with a total daily energy need of 2900 kcalories
