Sociology Quiz 6 Test Questions – Flashcards
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Traditional authority
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Ex. birth into a particular family makes an individual chief, king or queen -It is viewed by members of that society as the right way because "we've always done it this way" -Although traditional authority declines with industrialization, it never dies out. -Parents continue to exercise authority over their children because they have always had such authority
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Rational-legal authority
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-Based on written rules -Rational (means reasonable) and legal (means law) thus this refers to matters that have been agreed to by reasonable people and written into law -Can be as broad as the constitution or as specific as a contract between two individuals -Is also called bureaucratic authority
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Charismatic
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-Greek word=a gift freely and graciously given -They have no ties to tradition or the regulation of the law -Their authority relies on their ability to attract followers which is based on their sense of a special mission calling -Can lead to rational-legal organization
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Legitimate power
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Authority--Power we accept as right
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Illegitimate power
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Coercion--Power that we do not accept as just
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History of U.S. government
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-Early societies were small and needed no extensive political system, but as society grew larger and the cites evolved around 3500 BC
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Democracies
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-The U.S. has no city-states. Each colony is small and independent -Democracy means power to the people
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Direct democracy
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Used by small sizes (tribes, cities)
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Representative democracy
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Used by the US as a direct democracy was impossible
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Citizenship
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-A key factor in representative democracy -A specific gift the US gave the world that addressed a person's rights based by birth and residence
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Dictatorship
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-An individual seizes power and then dictates his will to the people -Not chosen, but self-appointed
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Oligarchies
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A small group seizes power
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Totalitarianism
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-Almost TOTAL control of a people by the government -Ex. Nazi, Germany
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Family
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A group of people who consider themselves related by blood, marriage, or adoption
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Nuclear family
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Husband, wife, children
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Extended family
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Grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins
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Household
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People who occupy the same housing unit
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Polygamy
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A man with more than one wife
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Endogamy
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Members marry within their group
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Exogamy
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Members marry outside their group
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Patriarchy
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Male groups dominate female groups -Woman taking husband's last name
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Matriarchy
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Women groups dominate male groups
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Gendered division of labor
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Occurs when husbands continue to take primary responsibility for earning the income and wives, the primary responsibility for taking care of the house and children
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Romantic love
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Mutual sexual attraction and idealized feelings about one another. Plays a significant role in Western life. Often regarded as the only proper basis for marriage
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Social channels in the U.S.
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Age, education, social class, and race/ethnicity
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Reduces risk of divorce
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1. Some college--13% 2. Religion--14% 3. Parents not divorced--14% 4. Age 25 or older--24% 5. Having a baby 7 months or longer after marriage--24% 6. Annual income of over 25,000--30%
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Adultolescents
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Children who return to live at home after college. Children also leaving home at later ages and are more likely to return home after their leave.
