question

Most of the world's population now lives in countries where the press is free.

answer

False

question

The United States follows a libertarian model of free expression and free press.

answer

False

question

The Sedition Act strengthened First Amendment protections for citizens.

answer

False

question

Only after the Sedition Act expired in 1801 did Americans broadly support the idea of a free press.

answer

True

question

The Supreme Court has defined censorship as prior restraint of speech.

answer

True

question

If a soon-to-be-released article seems to violate libel or obscenity laws, most U.S. courts would act to stop publication.

answer

False

question

Appropriating a writer's or artist's words or music without consent or payment is a form of expression that is not protected as speech.

answer

True

question

Students who quote and cite a copyrighted source in a term paper for class are technically violating the law.

answer

False

question

Libel is a right guaranteed by the First Amendment.

answer

False

question

Defamation that is broadcast is considered slander because it is spoken rather than written.

answer

False

question

Public speech that causes someone damage or actual injury is libelous, even if the speech in question is true.

answer

False

question

Reporters need to be careful about printing accusations made by attorneys in a court of law in case a suspect is later found "not guilty."

answer

False

question

Parodies and insults of public figures are protected from libel suits unless the statements cause undue emotional pain.

answer

False

question

The Miller v. California case established a national standard for obscenity that is the same for all communities in the United States.

answer

False

question

Ordinary citizens have more privacy protection under U.S. law than politicians or other public figures.

answer

False

question

There is no federal shield law for journalists in the United States.

answer

True

question

In 1912, federal law outlawed the transportation of boxing movies across state lines—not because they were violent but because there had been a black heavyweight boxing champion since 1908.

answer

True

question

For the first half of the twentieth century, local and state film review boards were considered constitutional.

answer

True

question

Motion pictures have been defined as free speech by the U.S. Supreme Court since 1915.

answer

False

question

Movies released in the United States are required by federal law to be labeled with an MPAA movie rating.

answer

True

question

When the movie rating system began in the late 1960s, the G, PG, PG-13, R, X, and NC-17 ratings were all developed at that time and put immediately into place.

answer

False

question

Since its debut in 1990, the NC-17 movie rating has been a commercially successful rating for films with adult content.

answer

False

question

Print and broadcast media are not treated equally under the First Amendment.

answer

True

question

Currently, both print journalists and broadcasters need federal licenses to operate their businesses.

answer

False

question

In twentieth-century Supreme Court decisions, the print media and broadcast media received the same First Amendment protections.

answer

False

question

Newspapers are not required by law to give individuals an opportunity to reply to an editorial attack.

answer

True

question

The FCC can fine broadcast stations any amount it sees fit for indecent incidents.

answer

False

question

According to the 1934 Communications Act, broadcast stations must provide equal opportunities and response time for qualified political candidates.

answer

True

question

Broadcasters are no longer legally required to provide competing points of view when airing programs about controversial issues.

answer

True

question

Compared with most other nations, the United States has ______ freedom of speech, religious tolerance, and press freedom.

answer

a lot more

question

Which model of the press is most often associated with today's mainstream U.S. news media?

answer

Social responsibility

question

State leaders believe the press should serve the goals of the state in the ______ model.

answer

communist

question

The notion of the press working as the Fourth Estate, or as watchdog over the government, is contained in which model of speech and expression?

answer

Social responsibility

question

Which of the following is not characteristic of the libertarian model for expression and speech?

answer

Arguing that the mass media have grown too powerful and need to become more socially responsible or face some sort of government regulation

question

Which model of expression tolerates all forms of speech, including pornography?

answer

Libertarian

question

According to the text, one of the first widely circulated arguments for a free, unlicensed press can be traced to ______.

answer

English poet John Milton's essay Areopagitica

question

Prior restraint means ______.

answer

that courts and governments cannot block any publication or speech before it occurs

question

Which of the following statements about the Sedition Act of 1798 is not true?

answer

It was supported and reinforced by President Thomas Jefferson when he later took office.

question

Which statement about the Sedition Act of 1798 is true?

answer

It was renewed over and over again by several presidents after Adams.

question

In 1971, President Richard Nixon's administration tried to block publication of ______.

answer

a study of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam war

question

The Pentagon Papers case involved which of the following legal concerns?

answer

Whether or not the government has the right to censor a newspaper and prevent publication in the interest of national security

question

In the Progressive magazine case, a federal district court took a course of action based on concern that the magazine would publish ______.

answer

information on how an H-bomb works

question

Which of the following constituted a "clear and present danger" to national security according to the federal courts?

answer

Publishing a design for the H-bomb in Progressive magazine

question

Which laws, passed in 1917 and 1918, made it a federal crime to disrupt the nation's war effort?

answer

Espionage Acts

question

Some members of the U.S. Government wanted to charge the founder of WikiLeaks, Julian Assange, with ______.

answer

espionage for releasing thousands of confidential U.S. embassy documents online

question

The creators of works such as books, music, lyrics, movies, and TV programs are protected if someone tries to make money off their work because of ______.

answer

copyright law

question

At the end of the copyright period, a creative work such as a book or song becomes ______.

answer

available for public use free of charge

question

Which statement about copyright law is true?

answer

The original idea behind American copyright law was that authors would have a financial incentive to create original works, and after fourteen years others would be able to safely use it to create derivative works.

question

In 1976, Congress extended the copyright period to ______.

answer

the life of the author plus fifty years, or seventy-five years for a corporate copyright owner

question

A written or broadcast expression that defames someone's character is ______.

answer

libel

question

Private individuals must prove falsehood, damages, and negligence to win which kind of case?

answer

Libel

question

For public figures to successfully sue for libel, they must prove "actual malice," which means the news medium ______.

answer

knew the statement was false but published it anyway

question

Reporters who print or broadcast statements made in court are protected against libel by ______.

answer

qualified privilege

question

The idea of absolute privilege refers to ______.

answer

the ability of prosecutors to accuse defendants of crimes in court without risking libel

question

The Supreme Court sided with Larry Flynt in his case against Jerry Falwell because ______.

answer

parody falls under the opinion and fair comment rule

question

Which of the following is not part of the legal definition of obscenity?

answer

The work must depict or describe dirty words and brutal violence.

question

The U.S. Supreme Court's standards for judging something as obscene include which of the following?

answer

All of the options are correct.

question

Before it was found unconstitutional in 2007, the Child Online Protection Act ______.

answer

made it illegal to post "material that is harmful to minors"

question

Which of the following actions by the media is not a violation of the usual rights of privacy for a private citizen?

answer

Using a person's image or quote in a news story without consent

question

It became obvious that old laws regarding obscenity and child pornography were not keeping up with Web technology when ______.

answer

All of the options are correct.

question

In 2001, the ______ weakened privacy laws and gave the federal government more latitude in searching private citizens' records and intercepting electronic communications without a court order.

answer

USA PATRIOT Act

question

In 1912, in the first type of national action limiting the film industry, the U.S. government banned the interstate commerce of which kinds of films?

answer

Boxing films

question

The U.S. government banned boxing films from being transported from state to state in 1912 because of ______.

answer

concerns about images of the first black heavyweight being perceived as a threat by the white community

question

In the Mutual v. Ohio (1915) decision, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that film was a ______.

answer

"business pure and simple"

question

Adopted by 95 percent of the movie industry during most of the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, the Motion Picture Production Code would have allowed ______.

answer

showing a minister of religion as the hero of a story

question

The ______ case in 1952 determined that film should be protected as a form of free speech.

answer

Burstyn v. Wilson

question

The U.S. movie rating system is an example of ______.

answer

industry self-regulation

question

In 1984, the PG-13 movie rating was added, in part, because which of the following two popular films were considered too violent and disturbing for children under thirteen?

answer

Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom / Gremlins

question

Because of fears about the spread of communism in the 1950s and the tactics of lawmakers such as Senator Joseph McCarthy, TV networks started asking actors and other workers to ______.

answer

sign loyalty oaths denouncing communism

question

Performers, writers, or producers who did not bow to pressure from people like Senator Joseph McCarthy and found themselves blacklisted as part of the communist "witch-hunts" of the 1950s ______.

answer

lost their jobs and any chance of getting hired

question

The Communications Act of 1934 mandated that radio broadcasters operate in the "public interest, convenience, and necessity" based on which of the following arguments?

answer

Limited broadcast signals constitute a scarce national resource.

question

In the 1960s, radio programming that featured deejays and callers discussing intimate sexual topics was called ______.

answer

topless radio

question

Which of the following statements about the FCC and "fleeting expletives" in live TV shows is not true?

answer

All of the options are true.

question

Who came up with the "seven dirty words" comedy routine that landed a radio station in hot water with the FCC and resulted in rules about what times of the day a broadcaster can air "adult" material?

answer

George Carlin

question

Section 315 of the 1934 Communications Act requires broadcast stations to ______.

answer

give all qualified political candidates an equal opportunity to obtain airtime

question

The idea of net neutrality refers to ______.

answer

the belief that all wired Internet providers should be required to provide the same access to all Internet services and content

question

One way to understand net neutrality is as a debate between which of the following groups?

answer

All of the options are correct.

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