HIST 1378 (CH. 17-19) – Flashcards
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In the late nineteenth century, industry in the US...
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saw the federal government eager to assist in its growth
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Prior to the civil war, the steel industry in the US...
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barely developed at all
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The process of making steel developed by Henry Bessemer
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included both blowing air through and adding ingredients to molten iron
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In the US, the steel industry first emerged in
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Pennsylvania and Ohio
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In the late nineteenth century, the needs of the american steel industry directly contributed to the further development of all of the following except:
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the automobile industry
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The first significant oil production in the US occurred in
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Pennsylvania
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in the 1870s, the internal combustion engine was developed in
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europe
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orville and wilbur wright's first successful airplane flight in 1903
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took place near kitty hawk, north carolina
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in 1900, the emergence of research laboratories in the american corporations
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led to a diversification of research interests
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in the early twentieth century, a principle goal of "Taylorism" was to
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organize industrial production into many simple tasks
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a key to henry ford's success in mass production of automobiles was
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the use of interchangeable parts
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which of the following statements about the american railroad industry in the late nineteenth century is FALSE
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it saw congress outlaw railroad combinations
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during the late nineteenth century, the growth of large corporations was helped by
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-sales of company stock to the public -"limited liability" laws. -the realization that great ventures could not be financed by any single person.
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the business structure of carnegie steel was a good example of
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vertical and horizontal integration
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who among the following began to develop an oil empire by taking control of competing oil companies in ohio?
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john d. rockefeller
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to john d. rockefeller, the great "curse" of business in the late nineteenth century was
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cutthroat competition
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in the late nineteenth century, most american business millionairs
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began their careers from positions of wealth and privilege
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in the late nineteenth century, social darwinists argued that people who failed economically in the IS did so because
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they had poor individual character
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in the late nineteenth century, the first and most important promoter of social darwinism was
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herbert spencer
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in his books, horatio alger
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paid tribute to the possibility of social mobility in america
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the late nineteenth-century sociologist lester frank ward
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believed that human intelligence, not natural selection, shaped society.
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in the late nineteenth century, daniel de leon
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founded the socialist labor party in the US
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in the late nineteenth century, the social writer henry george argued in favor of
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a single land tax to replace all other taxes
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edward bellamy's 1888 book, looking backward,
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imagined an ideal future in which all corporations were combined into one great trust
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in the late nineteenth century, due to the growth of industrial capitalism, american workers
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-saw rise in their standard of living -experienced a loss in their control over their own work -were forced to contend with arduous and dangerous working conditions
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during the 1870s and 1880s, most of the immigrants to the US came from
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Great britain and northern europe
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which of the following is true regarding work conditions in american factories in 1900?
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Laborers could expect to work at least sixty hours a week
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the molly maguires were a militant
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labor union in the coal industry
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the great railroad strike of 1877
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was launched in response to a wage cut
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the knights of labor
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began as a secret fraternal organization
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at its height in 1886, the knights of labor were led by
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terence v. powderly
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samuel gompers was the leader of the
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american federation of labor
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the haymarket square riot of 1886
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resulted in the convition and execution of several anarchists
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during the late nineteenth century, anarchists in the US
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-were relatively peaceful -were linked with violence and terrorism in the public mind -became tied to the labor movement in the public mind
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in what industry did the homestead strike of 1892 occur?
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steel
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the pullman strike of 1894 began when george pullman, owner of the company
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cut wages by 25% due to a slumping economy
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eugene v. debs played a leading role in what labor event?
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the pullman strike
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organized labor in the late nineteenth century failed to make great gains due to all the following factors except:
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he absence of state and federal laws to protect the rights of workers
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the 1920 census of the US revealed that
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a majority of americans lived in "urban" areas
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the largest number of immigrants to the US in the late nineteenth century came from
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southern and eastern europe
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by 1890, the percentage of the populations of chicago, new york, and detroit that were made up of immigrants was roughly
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80-85%
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in the late nineteenth century, compared to other immigrant ethnic groups, jews
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-advanced rapidly economically -placed in a high value on education -huddled together in ethnic neighborhoods
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compared with the first generation, second generation immigrants were more likely to
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break from their traditional culture
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in the late nineteenth century, the assimilation of immigrants was encouraged by
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-the sale of american products -church leaders -religious reform -public education
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the primary goal of the american protective association was to
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stop immigrants from entering the US
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in 1894, the immigration restriction league
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proposed screening immigrants to allow only the "desirable" ones to enter
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in 1882, the first group of immigrants to be excluded from the US on the basis of their nationality were
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chinese
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one significant innovation of urban america in the late nineteenth century was
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large public parks
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in the late nineteenth century, suburbs on the edges of american cities were largely populated by
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moderately well-to-do people
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tenement buildings in urban america were
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initially praised as an improvement in housing for the poor
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in the 1890s, jacob riis
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reported on the living conditions of the urban poor to encourage improvements
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by 1900, the transportation systems of american cities included
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-elevated railroads -subways -electric trolleys and cable cars -suspension bridges
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in the late nineteenth century, crime in large american urban centers
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-led many city governments to create professional public police departments -swelled in the twenty years between 1880 and 1900 - was often blamed on the violent proclivities of immigrant groups.
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theodore dreiser's 1900 novel, sister carrie, dealt with
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social dislocations and injustices of the present
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in the late nineteenth century, political "machines" in cities owed their existence to the
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rapid growth of urban america and the influx of millions of immigrants
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in the late nineteenth century, urban political bosses did all of the following except
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reduce the costs of city services
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in the late nineteenth century, the tammany hall political machine
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saw its most famous boss, william m. tweed, sent to prison
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which of the following innovations did not occur in consumer goods in the late nineteenth century?
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the formation of credit card companies
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in the 1890s, florence kelley and the national consumers league sought the
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improve the wages and working conditions of employees of manufacturers and retailers
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at the turn of the twentieth century, motion pictures
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-had been invented by DW Griffith -were the first true mass entertainment medium -operated under strict morality codes
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which american writer would be least associated with the trend toward social realism in literature in the late nineteenth century?
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mark twain
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accordding to the philosophy of pragmatism, society should be guided by
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scientific inquiry
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which statement about education in the late nineteenth century is FALSE?
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funding for public education was highest in rural areas
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in the late nineteenth century, american universities
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-significantly grew in number due to the morrill land grant act -had strong commitment to practical knowledge -began to form relationships with the private sector and the government
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during the late nineteenth century, college education for american women
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had expanded significantly
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in the late nineteenth century, the most striking feature of the american party system was its
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remarkable stability
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the high degree of party loyalty in the late nineteenth century is explained primarily by
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a voter's regional background
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in the late 19th C. democrats tended to attract the greater numbers of
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catholics
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a voter's party ID in the 19th C was usually a reflection of
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cultural background
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in the late 19th C., as veterans of the civil war retired,
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a majority of the black and white male population in the north received federal pensions
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james A. garfield
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was assassinated by an unsuccessful office seeker
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in the election of 1884, "mugwumps" were
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unhappy republicans who threatened to vote for the democrats
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as president, grover cleveland
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was a fiscal conservative
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the sherman antitrust act of 1890
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was used by the fed gov against labor unions
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in the late 19th C., the issue of primary interest to the republican party was
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supporting high tariffs
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in 1886, the supreme court decided in the case of wabaash, st. louis, and pacific railway co. v. illinois that an illinois granger law was
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unconstitutional because it infringed on congress's exclusive power over interstate commerce.
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interstate commerce act of 1887
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-put in place a series of regulations for railroad companies -had little practical affect for decades -created a five-person commission to oversee the act
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in the late nineteenth century, the granger laws supported the interests of
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farmers
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compared to the grange movement, the farmers' alliance
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were far more widespread
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the election of 1892
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saw the debut of the people's party
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in the 1890s, populism appealed to
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-the unemployed urban poor -unskilled industrial workers -small scale farmers -urban middle class reformers
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in 1892 the people's party called for
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a gov network of crop warehouses
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the panic of 1893
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triggered the nation's most severe depression up to that point
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the economic decline that followed the panic of 1893 demonstrated the
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degree to which the american economy had become interconnected
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in 1894, jacob coxey and his supporters
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called for a public works program for the unemployed
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in the 1890s, farmers favored the fed gov's coinage of silver because
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it would result in an inflation of currency
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the "Cross of Gold" speech was given in 1896 by
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william jennings bryan
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the 1896 election results saw
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the populist movement suffer a disastrous defeat
