Test Bank Chapter 6 - Flashcards

question

The primary purpose of speechmaking is to demonstrate your command of the topic.

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False

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According to your textbook, public speakers need to be audience-centered.

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False

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Being audience-centered means a speaker must sacrifice what she or he really believes to get a favorable response from the audience.

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False

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The aim of successful speechmaking is to gain a desired response from listeners by any means necessary.

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False

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The need to adapt to the audience means that speechmakers must usually compromise their own beliefs or values.

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False

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The aim of successful speechmaking is to gain a desired response from listeners even if the speaker must compromise his or her beliefs to do so.

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False

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Adapting to audiences is one of the easiest tasks facing beginning speakers.

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False

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The need for audience analysis and adaptation is one of the major differences between public speaking and everyday conversation.

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False

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The classroom is an artificial speaking situation in which you can overlook the attitudes and interests of your audience.

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False

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When used in an audience-analysis questionnaire, _______________ questions are valuable because they produce clear, unambiguous answers.

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fixed-alternative

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An audience's response to a message is invariably colored by its perception of the speaker.

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True

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Being audience-centered means that your primary purpose as a speaker is to gain a desired response from the audience.

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True

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Unlike beginning speakers, experienced speakers have little need for audience analysis.

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False

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Audience analysis and adaptation affect all aspects of speechmaking except for the delivery of the speech itself.

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False

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_______________ audience analysis identifies the traits of the audience unique to a particular speaking occasion.

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situational

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As a general rule, the larger your audience, the more _______________ your presentation should be.

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formal

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If you were giving a speech to a general audience about mythology in the Bible, the _______________ of your listeners would probably be the most important factor to consider in demographic audience analysis.

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religion

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If you were giving a speech to a general audience on the history of the Vietnam War, the _______________ of your listeners would probably be the most important factor to consider in demographic audience analysis.

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age

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If you were giving a speech to a general audience about the role of women in combat, the _______________ of your listeners would probably be the most important factor to consider in your demographic audience analysis.

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gender

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You are most likely to be successful in your classroom speeches if you think of your classmates as a real audience.

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True

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If you were giving a speech to a general audience about the early days of rock and roll, the _______________ of your listeners would probably be the most important factor to consider in your demographic audience analysis.

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age

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_______________ is the error of creating an oversimplified image of a group or people or assuming that all members of the group are alike.

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Stereotyping

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Age, gender, sexual orientation, religion, group membership, and racial, ethnic or cultural background are among the factors to be considered in _______________ audi-ence analysis.

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demographic

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Communication scholars use the term _______________ to refer to the process by which speakers seek to create a bond with their audiences by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences.

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identification

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The process of audience analysis and adaptation affects every aspect of speech preparation from choosing a topic to delivering the speech.

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True

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Public speaking is essentially like acting because once you learn a speech, you can give it over and over without adapting to the different audiences you ad-dress.

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False

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Audience analysis first comes into play after a speaker has chosen a speech topic.

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False

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Listeners typically approach a speech with one question uppermost in their minds: "Why is this important to the speaker?"

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False

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Audience analysis first comes into play after a speaker has chosen a specific purpose.

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False

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Communication scholars use the term "identification" to refer to the way speakers use stereotypes to analyze the demographic traits of their audience.

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False

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Audience analysis is only important after a speaker has completed research for a speech.

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False

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Audience analysis is only important after a speaker has prepared an outline for the speech.

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False

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The process of audience adaptation is over by the time a speaker starts delivering the speech.

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False

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Although most of the process of audience adaptation occurs as part of preparing a speech, a speaker may still need to adapt her or his remarks to the audience during the presentation of the speech.

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True

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Every speech contains two messages—the one sent by the speaker and the one received by the listener.

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True

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Any characteristic of a given audience is potentially important to a speaker an-alyzing that audience.

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True

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Gender, sexual orientation, age, race, ethnicity, and group membership are all factors to consider when conducting a demographic audience analysis.

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True

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Recognizing that some of your listeners may have racial, ethnic, cultural, or sexual orientations that bear upon your topic is part of demographic audience analysis.

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True

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Stereotyping is an effective way to use demographic audience analysis in a speech.

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False

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Although the differences between women and men have diminished in recent years, the gender of listeners is still a major factor in audience analysis.

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True

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Because men and women in the United States share a much broader range of experiences than they once did, gender is no longer a significant factor in demographic audience analysis.

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False

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Because religion is private and personal for most people, it is seldom an important element in demographic audience analysis.

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False

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A public speaker can safely assume that all members of a religious denomination share the same beliefs and values.

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False

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Even when listeners pay close attention, they don't process a speaker's message exactly as the speaker intended.

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True

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According to your textbook, sexual orientation is one factor to be considered in situational audience analysis.

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False

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As your textbook explains, a speaker's frame of reference is usually the same as that of his or her listeners.

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False

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According to your textbook, sexual orientation is one factor to be considered in demographic audience analysis.

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True

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Employers are looking for college graduates who can communicate effectively with people of different cultural backgrounds.

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True

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Knowing how the physical setting might affect your listeners' receptivity to your ideas is an important factor in demographic audience analysis.

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False

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Egocentrism is the belief that one's culture is superior to all others.

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False

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Knowing how the physical setting might affect your listeners' receptivity to your ideas is an important factor in situational audience analysis.

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True

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Egocentrism means that audiences typically approach speeches by asking "Why is this important for me?"

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True

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Interest, knowledge, and attitude are the three most important factors to consider when determining an audience's disposition toward a speaker's topic.

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True

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Ethnocentrism means that audiences typically approach speeches by asking, "Why is this important to me?"

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False

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When you construct an audience analysis questionnaire, fixed-alternative questions are especially useful for getting at the strength of a respondent's attitudes.

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False

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When you construct an audience analysis questionnaire, scale questions are especially useful for getting at the strength of a respondent's attitudes.

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True

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As the United States becomes more diverse, speakers no longer need to be sensitive to issues of race, ethnicity, and cultural background in public speaking.

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False

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Communication scholars use the term "identification" to refer to the process by which speakers seek to create a bond with audiences by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences.

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True

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As your textbook explains, the primary purpose of speechmaking is to a. gain a desired response from listeners. b. learn more about the speech topic. c. gain experience as a speaker. d. try out new ideas with an audience. e. display the speaker's knowledge.

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a. gain a desired response from listeners.

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As your textbook explains, the primary purpose of speechmaking is to a. display the speaker's skills as a speaker. b. use language to manipulate people. c. gain a desired response from listeners. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.

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c. gain a desired response from listeners.

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Audience-centeredness means that public speakers should a. keep the audience foremost in mind throughout the speechmaking process. b. use any means necessary to gain the assent of the audience. c. avoid choosing topics that are controversial. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.

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a. keep the audience foremost in mind throughout the speechmaking process.

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One of the major demographic traits of audiences is interest in the speaker's topic.

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False

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Audience analysis is an important factor in which of the following? a. selecting a topic b. organizing the speech c. choosing supporting materials d. all of the above e. a and c only

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d. all of the above

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Audience adaptation is an important factor in which of the following? a. choosing the speech topic b. preparing the speech c. presenting the speech d. all of the above e. a and b only

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d. all of the above

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Audience adaptation is an important factor in which of the following steps of the speechmaking process? a. formulating a specific purpose b. writing an introduction and conclusion c. choosing visual aids d. all of the above e. a and b only

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d. all of the above

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In her speech introduction, Kailyn asked, "Have you ever looked through old family photo albums and laughed at what people were wearing? Have you ever been amused by the bright colors, huge lapels, and crazy ties worn by characters in old TV shows? Like many of you, I've noticed the changes in fashion and feared that my effort to look stylish today may eventually be a source of amusement to my future children." According to your textbook, by seeking to create a bond with her audience through emphasizing their common experiences and fears, Kailyn was engaging in a. identification. b. stereotyping. c. ethnocentrism. d. comparison. e. inclusion.

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a. identification.

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In her speech introduction, Suya said, "Though we are all very different, we are all students here at this university and are all working toward the completion of a degree. Unfor-tunately, because of rising tuition, some of us may lose the ability to continue in school." According to your textbook, by seeking to create a bond with her audience through em-phasizing their common goals and experiences, Suya was engaging in a. identification. b. stereotyping. c. ethnocentrism. d. comparison. e. framing.

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a. identification.

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To say that people usually want to hear about things that are meaningful to them is to say that people are a. empathetic. b. eclectic. c. egotistic. d. egalitarian. e. egocentric.

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e. egocentric.

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The fact that audiences are egocentric means that a. listeners interpret what you say on the basis of what they know and believe. b. listeners believe that their cultural group is superior to all other groups. c. listeners interpret the speech through the speaker's frame of reference. d. all of the above. e. a and c only.

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a. listeners interpret what you say on the basis of what they know and believe.

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Audience size, the physical setting for the speech, and the audience's disposition toward the topic are all elements of demographic audience analysis.

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False

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The fact that audiences are egocentric means that a. listeners believe their cultural group is superior to all other groups. b. listeners are concerned above all with how a speech will affect them. c. listeners interpret the speech through the speaker's frame of reference. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.

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a. listeners are concerned above all with how a speech will affect them.

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What are the two types of audience analysis discussed in your textbook? a. demographic and situational b. personal and impersonal c. occupational and educational d. psychological and sociological e. descriptive and analytical

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a. demographic and situational

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One of the ways speakers analyze audiences is by looking at traits such as age, gender, sexual orientation, religion, group membership, and racial, ethnic and cultural background. According to your textbook, what is this called? a. demographic audience analysis b. psychological audience analysis c. background audience analysis d. situational audience analysis e. descriptive audience analysis

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a. demographic audience analysis

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As Amanda analyzed the audience for her speech about organic foods, she focused on such things as their gender, age, and cultural background. In doing so, she was engaging in __________ audience analysis. a. situational b. psychological c. demographic d. preliminary e. descriptive

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a. demographic

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According to your textbook, which of the following is a demographic characteristic of a speech audience? a. knowledge about the subject b. attitude toward the speaker c. interest in the topic d. physical setting e. cultural background

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a. cultural background

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According to your textbook, which of the following is a demographic characteristic of a speech audience? a. their size b. their sexual orientation c. their attitude toward the speaker d. their knowledge about the subject e. their attitude toward the occasion

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a. their sexual orientation

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According to your textbook, which of the following is a demographic characteristic of a speech audience? a. age b. interest c. size d. attitude e. knowledge

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a. age

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According to your textbook, which of the following is a demographic characteristic of a speech audience? a. interest b. attitude c. size d. gender e. knowledge

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d. gender

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According to your textbook, when analyzing demographic information about your audience, it is essential that you avoid a. fallacies. b. relativism. c. emotionalism. d. egocentrism. e. stereotyping.

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e. stereotyping.

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Creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people or assuming that all members of the group are alike is called a. egocentrism. b. genotyping. c. sensationalism. d. stereotyping. e. ethnocentrism.

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d. stereotyping.

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If you were giving a persuasive speech to a general audience on the subject of mandatory retirement, the most important factor to consider when analyzing your audience would probably be its a. economic standing. b. group membership. c. gender. d. age. e. education.

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d. age.

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If you were giving a persuasive speech on Medicare to members of the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), the most important factor to consider when analyzing your audience would probably be the a. age of the audience. b. gender of the audience. c. audience's attitude toward the speaker. d. physical setting of the speech. e. size of the audience.

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a. age of the audience.

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If you were giving an informative speech to a general audience on the presidency of John F. Kennedy, the most important factor to consider when analyzing your audience would probably be its a. age. b. religion. c. economic standing. d. gender. e. group membership.

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a. age.

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If you were giving an informative speech to a general audience about the war in Vietnam, the most important demographic factor to consider in analyzing your audience would probably be the a. sexual orientation of the audience. b. economic standing of the audience. c. gender of the audience. d. age of the audience. e. education of the audience.

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d. age of the audience.

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As part of his economics seminar, Geraldo has been invited to give a persuasive speech to a community audience on the subject of Social Security. The most important factor for Geraldo to consider when analyzing his audience is probably its a. occupation. b. gender. c. sexual orientation. d. education. e. age.

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e. age.

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If you were giving a persuasive speech to a general audience on the issue of illegal immigration, the most important factor to consider when analyzing your audience would probably be its a. size. b. gender. c. ethnic background. d. sexual orientation. e. education.

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a. ethnic background.

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If you were giving a persuasive speech to a general audience arguing that all children should be required to use standard English in the public schools, the most important factor to consider in audience analysis would probably be a. the age of the audience. b. the physical setting for the speech. c. the ethnic background of the audience. d. the time of day for the speech. e. the size of the audience.

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c. the ethnic background of the audience.

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If you were giving a persuasive speech on gun control to members of the National Rifle Association, the most important factor to consider in audience analysis would probably be the a. size of your audience. b. group membership of your audience. c. economic standing of your audience. d. education of your audience. e. knowledge of your audience.

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a. group membership of your audience.

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Ramona is preparing a persuasive speech on environmental issues to present to mem-bers of the National Wildlife Federation. The most important factor Ramona should consider when analyzing her audience is probably its a. age. b. group membership. c. education. d. ethnic background. e. knowledge of the topic.

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b. group membership.

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According to your textbook, you should always combine demographic audience analysis with __________ audience analysis. a. scientific b. educational c. informational d. situational e. occupational

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b. situational

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Audience size, the physical setting for the speech, and the audience's disposition toward the topic, the speaker, and the occasion are all elements of situational audience analysis.

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True

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As explained in your textbook, __________ audience analysis usually builds on demographic audience analysis. a. psychological b. descriptive c. occupational d. background e. situational

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a. situational

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According to your textbook, which of the following is a situational characteristic of a speech audience? a. gender b. size c. religion d. group membership e. age

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a. size

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According to your textbook, which of the following is a factor in situational audience analysis? a. the audience's cultural background b. the audience's religious beliefs c. the audience's group membership d. the audience's gender e. the audience's attitude toward the topic

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e. the audience's attitude toward the topic

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Which of the following is a factor to consider in situational audience analysis? a. gender b. group membership c. attitude toward the topic d. all of the above e. a and c only

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c. attitude toward the topic

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As the size of your audience increases, your presentation should usually become more a. formal. b. flexible. c. extemporaneous. d. punctual. e. informal.

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a. formal.

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You are giving a speech on a community building project to a local service organization at its monthly luncheon. Dessert dishes are being cleared away as you walk into the overcrowded, overheated room. The most important situational factor to consider when adapting to your audience would probably be the a. age of your audience. b. audience's attitude toward you. c. physical setting for your speech. d. education of your audience. e. gender of your audience.

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c. physical setting for your speech.

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According to your textbook, what are the three primary factors to consider when assessing an audience's disposition toward a speech topic? a. gender, knowledge, and opinions b. interest, background, and age c. size, occasion, and group membership d. knowledge, interest, and attitude e. background, situation, and gender

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d. knowledge, interest, and attitude

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Dimitri plans to give a speech to his classmates about the principles of physics behind the design of hybrid automobiles. The most important factor for Dimitri to consider when analyzing his audience is probably its a. age. b. group membership. c. attitude toward the speaker. d. knowledge about the topic. e. size.

answer

c. knowledge about the topic.

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If you were giving an informative speech to your public speaking class about recent developments in planetary astronomy, the most important factor to consider when analyz-ing your audience would probably be its a. age. b. knowledge about the topic. c. disposition toward the speaker. d. ethnic background. e. physical setting.

answer

b. knowledge about the topic.

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Fran Breit, the golf pro at a local municipal course, has been asked by a social club to give a talk about how to play golf. What is probably the most important factor for Fran to consider in preparing her presentation? a. the age of the audience b. the racial background of the audience c. the time of day the talk will be given d. the audience's knowledge of the topic e. the audience's disposition toward the speaker

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d. the audience's knowledge of the topic

question

If you were giving an informative speech to a general audience on Global Positioning Systems technology, the most important factor to consider when analyzing your audi-ence would probably be the a. group membership of the audience. b. size of the audience. c. knowledge of the audience about the topic. d. gender of the audience. e. physical setting for the speech.

answer

c. knowledge of the audience about the topic.

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If you were giving an informative speech to a general audience about digital encryption, the most important factor to consider when analyzing your audience would probably be the a. physical setting for the speech. b. knowledge of the audience about the topic. c. size of the audience. d. occupation of the audience. e. group membership of the audience.

answer

b. knowledge of the audience about the topic.

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Michael is preparing a persuasive speech for class in opposition to gun control. The most important factor for Michael to consider when analyzing his audience is probably its a. knowledge of the topic. b. disposition toward the speaker. c. cultural background. d. religious beliefs. e. attitude toward the topic.

answer

e. attitude toward the topic.

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Gemma wants to persuade her classmates to become vegans. The most important factor for Gemma to consider when analyzing her audience is probably its a. knowledge of the topic. b. disposition toward the speaker. c. attitude toward the topic. d. disposition toward the occasion. e. racial composition.

answer

c. attitude toward the topic.

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A landlord with a bad reputation among students for her high rent, deceptive advertising, and refusal to return security deposits is speaking to a campus group about how the city's new zoning law will affect students. The most important factor the landlord should consider in her situational audience analysis is probably her listeners' a. gender. b. knowledge of the topic. c. disposition toward the speaker. d. interest in the topic. e. cultural background.

answer

c. disposition toward the speaker.

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The __________ will usually dictate how long a speech should be. a. size of the audience b. speech occasion c. physical setting d. general purpose e. topic

answer

b. speech occasion

question

Which of the following elements usually has the greatest impact on the length a speech should be? a. the audience's disposition toward the topic b. the physical setting for the speech c. the audience's attitudes toward the speaker d. the occasion for the speech e. the group membership of the audience

answer

c. produce clear, unambiguous answers.

question

If you were constructing an audience-analysis questionnaire and wanted to learn how many of your listeners had ever heard of the Salem witch trials, which of the following would be the best kind of question to ask? a. demographic question b. open-ended question c. leading question d. scale question e. fixed-alternative question

answer

e. fixed-alternative question

question

According to your textbook, the following question from a student audience-analysis questionnaire is an example of what type of question? The percent of the U.S. population who speak Spanish in their homes is closest to ___ 5% ___ 10% ___ 20% ___ 30% a. leading question b. open-ended question c. demographic question d. fixed-alternative question e. scale question

answer

d. fixed-alternative question

question

When making up an audience analysis questionnaire, you should use __________ questions to get at the strength of a respondent's attitudes or feelings. a. scale b. fixed-alternative c. leading d. open-ended e. interview

answer

a. scale

question

If you were constructing an audience-analysis questionnaire and wanted to learn the strength of your listeners' attitudes for or against animal research, which of the follow-ing would be the best kind of question to ask? a. demographic question b. open-ended question c. leading question d. scale question e. fixed-alternative question

answer

d. scale question

question

According to your textbook, the following question from a student audience-analysis questionnaire is an example of which kind of question? Draw an "X" below to indicate how you feel about steroid use in sports. Strongly disapprove ------------Strongly approve b. attitudinal question c. open-ended question d. scale question e. degree question

answer

d. scale question

question

According to your textbook, the following is an example of which type of audience-analysis question? "Explain why you believe that capital punishment is moral or immoral." a. short-answer question b. scale question c. informal question d. free-response question e. open-ended question

answer

e. open-ended question

question

As your textbook explains, a questionnaire item that gives the respondent the widest freedom in answering is called a(n) a. free-response question. b. open-ended question. c. short-answer question. d. scale question. e. informal question.

answer

b. open-ended question

question

If you were constructing an audience-analysis questionnaire and wanted to learn why some of your listeners do not fasten their seatbelts every time they ride in a motor vehicle, which of the following would be the best kind of question to ask? a. scale question b. leading question c. fixed-alternative question d. demographic question e. open-ended question

answer

e. open-ended question

question

If you were constructing an audience-analysis questionnaire and wanted to learn why some of your listeners had not signed organ donor cards, which of the following would be the best kind of question to ask? a. demographic question b. open-ended question c. leading question d. scale question e. fixed-alternative question

answer

b. open-ended question

question

Because listeners are _______________ , they typically approach speeches by asking "Why is this important to me?"

answer

egocentric

question

The group membership of an audience can provide excellent clues about their interests and attitudes.

answer

True

question

The size of the audience is one of the factors to be considered in situational audience analysis.

answer

True

question

As a general rule, the larger your audience, the more formal your speech presentation should be.

answer

True

question

The more people know about a topic, the more likely they are to be interested in it.

answer

True

question

No matter what the occasion, listeners will have fairly definite expectations about the kinds of speeches appropriate for the occasion.

answer

True

question

Keeping speeches within strict time limits is an artificial constraint of classroom speeches and is less important for speeches outside the classroom.

answer

False

question

The three most important factors to consider when determining an audience's disposition toward a speaker's topic are the audience's _______________ , _______________ , and _______________ .

answer

interest knowledge attitude

question

When you construct an audience analysis questionnaire, scale questions give respondents the maximum leeway in responding.

answer

False

question

According to your textbook, the five major factors to consider in situational audience analysis are:

answer

1. the size of the audience 2. the physical setting of the speech 3. the audience's disposition toward the topic 4.the audience's disposition toward the speaker 5.the audience's disposition toward the occasion

question

When you construct an audience-analysis questionnaire, open-ended questions are especially valuable because they usually generate clear, unambiguous responses.

answer

False

question

The process by which a speaker seeks to create a bond with listeners by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences is referred to as ___________ by communication scholars. a. framing b. identification c. egocentrism d. structuring e. affiliation

answer

b. identification.

question

The major advantage of using _______________ questions in an audience analysis questionnaire is that they help reveal the strength of a respondent's attitudes or feelings.

answer

scale

question

In constructing an audience analysis questionnaire, you should use ______________ questions when you want to give respondents maximum leeway in answering.

answer

open-ended

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