Speech – Chapter 7 – Flashcards
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True/False: Listeners usually find generalizations more interesting and convincing than specific statements.
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false
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True/False: skillful use of supporting materials is closely related to critical thinking.
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true: Feedback: As you assess your supporting materials and decide which ones to use in your speech, you are using the same skills that are involved in critical thinking.
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The three kinds of supporting materials discussed in your textbook are
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statistics, examples, and testimony.
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A(n) ____________ is a specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like.
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example
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True/False: Examples are especially useful for getting listeners involved in a speech.
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true: Feedback: Because they can make ideas concrete and personal, examples are especially useful for getting listeners involved in a speech.
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True/False: A hypothetical example is an example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation.
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True
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A(n) ____________ example is a specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point.
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brief
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According to your textbook, a(n) ____________ example is a story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.
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extended
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True/False: You should usually avoid using detailed examples because they will bore your audience.
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False: Feedback: Because detailed examples are usually more vivid than brief examples, they are likely to be of more interest to your audience.
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True/False: The impact of an extended example often depends as much on the speaker's delivery as on the content of the example.
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True: Feedback: Because an extended example is similar to a story, its impact can depend as much on the speaker's delivery as on its content.
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The ____________ is the number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers.
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mode
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What is the median in the following set of numbers: 500, 600, 650, 700, 750?
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650
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The term for the statistical measure popularly known as the "average" is the ____________.
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mean
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True/False: the main purpose of using statistics in a speech is to make the speech more vivid.
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False: Feedback: The main value of using statistics in a speech is to quantify the speaker's ideas; examples are used to make a speech more vivid.
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According to your textbook, if you quoted your sixteen-year-old niece on the impact of media violence on high-school students, you would be using ____________ testimony.
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peer
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Research indicates that the impact of examples is greatly enhanced when they are followed by ____________ that show the examples are typical.
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statistics
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True/False: In most cases, statistics speak for themselves and do not require a lot of explanation when used in a speech.
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False: Feedback: The meaning of statistics is not self-evident. To work effectively in a speech, they need to be clearly explained and related to the audience.
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When using statistics in a speech, you should (3 answers)
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A) round off complicated statistics. B) identify the sources of your statistics. C) use statistics sparingly.
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According to your textbook, what type of supporting material would you be using if you quoted Yale physicist Daniel Timbie on the compatibility of the big bang theory with religious philosophies?
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expert testimony
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To restate or summarize a source's ideas in one's own words is to
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paraphrase
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How does the following speech excerpt violate the guidelines for using statistics presented in your textbook? Restaurants are paying more for seafood and top cuts of beef. The price of king crab legs rose $7.07 in the past year, from $8.27 to $15.34. The cost of gulf shrimp rose $2.12, from $12.68 to $14.80. Likewise, the cost of a tenderloin filet rose $9.53, from $15.79 to $25.32. And the cost of a rib eye steak rose $1.94, from $4.16 to $6.10.
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This statement drowns listeners in a sea of numbers. Using fewer statistics would be more effective--as would rounding off the price increases rather than citing the exact amounts. Moreover, the source of the statistics is not identified.
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How does the following speech excerpt violate the guidelines for using supporting materials presented in your textbook? According to a study just released by General Motors, the safety record of automobiles manufactured in the United States is better than it has ever been. As General Motors states, "It's just not fair to say that automakers are not concerned about safety."
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General Motors can hardly be considered an objective source on the safety record of the U.S. automobile industry. It may be true that cars made in the United States are safer than ever, but the statement would carry a lot more weight if it came from an impartial, objective source.
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Identify the four major guidelines discussed in your textbook for using testimony in a speech.
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-Quote or paraphrase accurately. -Use testimony from qualified sources. -Use testimony from unbiased sources. -Identify the people you quote or paraphrase.
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What are the six tips discussed in your textbook for using statistics?
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-Use statistics to quantify your ideas. -Use statistics sparingly. -Identify the sources of your statistics. -Explain your statistics. -Round off complicated statistics. -Use visual aids to clarify statistical trends.
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define supporting materials and three major examples
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the materials used to support a speaker's ideas. the three major kinds are examples, statistics, and testimony
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define example
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a specific case used to illustrate or to represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like
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define brief example
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a specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point
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define extended example
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a story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point
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define hypothetical example
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an example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation
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define statistics
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numerical data
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define mean
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the average value of a group of numbers
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define median
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the middle number in a group of numbers arranged from highest to lowest
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define mode
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the number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers
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define testimony
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quotations or paraphrases used to support a point
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define expert testimony
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testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields
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define peer testimony
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testimony from ordinary people with first-hand experience or insight on a topic
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define direct quotation
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testimony that is presented word for word
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define paraphrase
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to restate or summarize an author's ideas in one's own words
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define quoting out of context
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quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it
