Chapter 8: The heirs of rome: Islam, Byzantium and Europe – Flashcards
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Muhammad
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Creator of Islam religion
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Qur'an
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holy book of islam
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Hijra
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Muhammad's journey to medina,proved to be a crucial event for the new faith in 622, became first year of Islamic Calendar
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jihad
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Muslim duty; striving in the way of God
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Five Pillars of Islam
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1) journey to Mecca 2) prayer five times a day 3) tax paid 4) profession to faith 5) fasting during month of Ramadan
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Shi'ite
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Follower of Shi'at Ali, and group of people who see him as a symbol of justice and righteousness.. See him as trues successor of Muhammad.
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Umayyad caliphate
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Lasted from 661 to 750 became a state and capital was Damascus in Syria.
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Heraclius
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Byzantine emperor (610-641) reorganized his arm and inspired his troops to avenge the sack of Jerusalem. By 627, the Byzantines had regained all their last territory.
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Lombards
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A Germanic group of people, entered Italy in 568 and 572 were masters of the Po Valley and parts of Italy's south.
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theme
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Military districts in the Empire that began around 7th century. Themes were ruled by a general.
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icon
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manifesting in physical form the holy person depicted and concentrating all his or her holiness in one particular image.
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iconoclasm
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726 (icon Breaking) in Byzantine history and lasted until 787. Ban was imposed between 815 and 843.
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Merovingian dynasty
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group of Frankish Kings (486-751) subjugated many of the peoples beyond the Rhine river, foreshadowing the contours of the western half of Modern Germany.
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Gregory of Tours
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Bishop, in 573-594 began his history, a valuable source of the Merovingian period, testifies to Latin Transformation . Expected latin to be everyday speech
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Gregory the Great
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Pope that sent Christian missionaries to spread Christianity in England around 597. Looked to convert king and people of kent to christianity.
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Synod of Whitby
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Oswy, King of Northumbria, who organized a meeting of churchman (in 664). Convinced that Rome spoke with the voice of St. Peter, who was said in the New Testament to hold the keys of the kingdom of heaven. Paved the way for the triumph of the Roman brand of Christianity in England.
