World History Chapter 21 Absolute Monarchs in Europe – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Philip II
answer
The son of Charles V. He inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the American colonies. He was a devout Catholic.
question
absolute monarch
answer
A king or queen who has unlimited power and seeks to control all aspects of society.
question
divine right
answer
The idea that monarchs are God's representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God.
question
Edict of Nantes
answer
A 1598 declaration in which the French king Henry IV promised that Protestants could live in peace in France and could set up houses of worship in some French cities.
question
Cardinal Richelieu
answer
He became a ruler of France. Before ruling the country, he was Louis XIII's minister. He increased the power of the Bourbon monarchy.
question
skepticism
answer
A philosophy based on the idea that nothing can be known for certain.
question
Louis XIV
answer
The most powerful ruler in French history. He began ruling when he was 14 years old.
question
intendant
answer
A French government official appointed by the monarch to collect taxes and administer justice.
question
Jean Baptiste Colvert
answer
He was the minister of finance during Louis XIV's reign. He helped the king achieve his goals while he reigned. He believed in mercantilism.
question
War of the Spanish Succession
answer
A conflict, lasting from 1701 to 1713, in which a number of European states fought to prevent the Bourbon family from controlling Spain as well as France.
question
Thirty Years' War
answer
A European conflict over religion and territory and for power among ruling families, lasting from 1618 to 1648.
question
Maria Theresa
answer
The eldest daughter of Charles VI. She became the heir to all of her father's Hapsburg territories. She was supposed to have peaceful reign, but spent most of her reign fighting with Prussia.
question
Frederick the Great
answer
He was the son of King Frederick William I, the Great Elector of Prussia. He was quite a softie; he was into music, philosophy, and poetry. His father made him witness his friend's beheading as a punishment.
question
Seven Years' War
answer
A conflict in Europe, North America, and India, lasting from 1756 to 1763, in which the forces of Britain and Prussia battled those of Austria, France, Russia, and other countries.
question
Ivan the Terrible
answer
A Russian ruler. He came to power in 1533, when he was just 3 years old. He struggled in his early years because his life was disrupted by boyars. When he was 16, he seized power and had himself crowned czar (caesar). He was the first Russian ruler to officially have the title czar.
question
boyar
answer
A land-owning noble of Russia.
question
Peter the Great
answer
A Russian ruler. He originally shared the throne with his half brother, but in 1696, he became the sole ruler of Russia. He was one of Russia's greatest reformers. He continued the trend of increasing the czar's power.
question
westernization
answer
An adoption of the social, political, or economic institutions of Western - especially European or American - countries.
question
Charles I
answer
The son of King James I of England. When his father died in 1625, he took the throne. He was always broke and mostly fought with Spain and France. In 1647, he was captured and held prisoner.
question
English Civil War
answer
A conflict, lasting from 1642 to 1649, in which Puritan supporters of Parliament battled supporters of England's monarchy.
question
Oliver Cromwell
answer
A general who supported the Puritans and the Parliament. He made a New Model Army which helped defeat the Cavaliers.
question
Restoration
answer
The period of Charles II's rule over England, after the collapse of Oliver Cromwell's government.
question
habeas corpus
answer
A document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so that it can be decided whether his or her imprisonment is legal.
question
Glorious Revolution
answer
The bloodless overthrow of the English king James II and his replacement by William and Mary.
question
constitutional monarchy
answer
The ruler's power is limited by law.
question
cabinet
answer
A group of advisers or ministers chosen by the head of country to help make government decisions.
