Chapter 20 – The Atlantic World – Section 1 – Spain Builds An American Empire – Flashcards
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Christopher Columbus
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Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)
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Hernando Cortés
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Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)
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conquistador
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A Spanish conqueror of the Americas
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Francisco Pizarro
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A Spanish conquistador who went to the Incas and took emporer prisoner and then killed him and took over the Inca empire
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Atahualpa
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Last ruling Inca emperor of Peru. He was executed by the Spanish.
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mestizo
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A person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry
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encomienda
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A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it.
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What was the significance of Magellan's voyage?
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They were the first persons to circumnavigate, or sail around, the world. They could now map out the entire world and navigate it.
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What factors enabled the Spanish to defeat the Aztecs?
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Superior weaponry. enlisted the help of various native groups, and European disease which the Aztecs had not developed a natural immunity.
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What process did Columbus and his followers begin?
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Exploration of the Americas.
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Why were most of the Spanish explorers drawn to the Americas?
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For gold - wealth, alternate trade routes, and expand their countries influence.
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Which country was the richest and most powerful in the 16th century, and why?
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By the middle of the 16th century, Spain had created an American empire. It included New Spain (Mexico and parts of Guatemala),as well as other lands in Central and South America and the Caribbean. They took the stocks of gold from the Aztec and Inca empires.
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Colony
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Land controlled by a nation
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New France
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Jamestown
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Pilgrams
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Puritans
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New Netherlands
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French and Indian War
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Atlantic Slave Trade
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Middle Passage
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The trading of .... from the West Indies to the Americas
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Columbian Exchange
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The trading of goods
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Capitalism
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Private ownership
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Join-stock Company
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Pool the wealth, then share the profits
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Mercantilism
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Gaining large amounts of gold and silver, then selling more goods than bought
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Favorable Balance of Trade
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