Ch.31 Western Society & Eastern Europe during the Cold War – Flashcards
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European countries dealt with internal issues after WWII such as what?
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rebuilding infrastructure
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Europeans realized doing what was not worth the expense following WWII?
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maintaining colonies
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What war began to take shape as the US and USSR began to take shape post-WWII?
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Cold War
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What was the Cold War named the Cold War?
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no actual fighting between the two countries
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What did the US and USSR use to fight the Cold War and why?
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proxies; WWIII (nuclear war)
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The USSR formed what with the use of various Eastern European countries?
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Eastern Bloc
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What six countries made up the Eastern Bloc?
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Eastern Germany, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Bulgaria
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Where did the three Proxy Wars occur?
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Korea, Vietnam, and Afghanistan
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The Proxy War in Korea was involved with who?
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South Korea and the US vs. North Korea (USSR)
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The Proxy War in Vietnam was involved with who?
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South Vietnam and the US vs. North Vietnam (USSR)
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The Proxy War in Afghanistan was involved with who?
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USSR vs. Afghani rebels (US)
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What phrase did Winston Churchill coin in 1946 that described the USSR and Eastern Bloc's isolation from Western Europe and the rest of the world?
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Iron Curtain
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What was created in 1947 that stated the US would help countries trying to remain free of communism?
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Truman Doctrine
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What countries quickly responded to the Truman Doctrine?
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Greece and Turkey (later Hungary)
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What was created in 1947 that created a program designed to help devastated European economies which angers the USSR?
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Marshall Plan
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The Allies began to build what and the USSR responded by blockading what city in 1947?
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West Germany; Berlin
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The US responded the USSR's blockading of Berlin with what?
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Berlin Airlift
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What organization was formed that resulted in the USSR creating the Warsaw Pact?
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
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The Soviets responded to the creation of NATO with what?
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Warsaw Pact
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By 1952, what type of bomb had the US developed?
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Hydrogen
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Soviet development of the atomic bomb in what year which led to what kind of race between the US and the USSR?
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1949; arms
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What did MAD stand for during the Cold War?
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Mutual Assured Destruction
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In Western Europe, governments became more politically uniform with what two things?
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effective parliaments and universal suffrage
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Increase in the welfare state of Western Europe resulted from what five sort of needs?
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health care, education, unemployment, housing, and family benefits
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There was limited political protest throughout the West after WWII until what two events emerged in the US in the 1960s?
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civil rights movement and student protest
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In what year did Western Europe establish the European Economic Community/ Common Market which later became the EU?
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1952
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In 1952, Western Europe established what organization that later became the EU?
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European Economic Community (aka Common Market)
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Western Europe experienced continued economic growth between what years?
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1950 to 1970
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The US began to increase what type of spending which was directed towards containing the spread of what throughout the world?
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military; communism
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Which US president during the Cold War proposed containment policies to contain communism where it is already and to prevent spreading?
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Truman
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Which US president during the Cold War used brinkmanship in order to see who brinks first?
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Eisenhower
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Which US president during the Cold War had a flexible response in which conventional military or nuclear weapons could be used?
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JFK
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Which US president during the Cold War used the domino theory which proposed that if one nation falls, the surrounding nations will fall?
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Lyndon Johnson (LBJ)
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Which US president during the Cold War used détente which attempted to ease tensions?
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Nixon
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Which US president during the Cold War proposed human rights determined our relationship with other countries?
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Carter
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Which US president during the Cold War caused escalation and military buildup?
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Reagan
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Social distinction remained in the West, but was blurred by what?
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social mobility
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There was a rise of married working women in what era of the West?
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1950s
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Women in the West were afforded more rights such as ______, _________, _____ _______, and access to ________
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voting, education, birth control, divorce
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In the West, there was a decrease in what rates and an increase in the use of what?
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birth; daycare
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In the West, there was a decrease in family what?
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stability
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The emergence of new feminism that emphasized what and downplayed what?
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equality; domestic roles
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Who wrote The Feminine Mystique?
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Betty Friedan
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What book did Betty Friedan write?
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The Feminine Mystique
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In the West, there were scientific discoveries such as ___, development of new _____ and _______.
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DNA; drugs; cloning
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What did modern art focus on?
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mood
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Who was a famous modern artist?
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Andy Warhol
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What type of art did Andy Warhol develop?
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pop art
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What movement of the US spread to Europe with ideas, products, television, and film?
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Coca-colonization
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Eastern Europe became apart of what empire because of the failure of what, what type of depression, and lack of what?
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Soviet; parliamentary democracy; economic; land reform
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Exceptions in Eastern Europe to Soviet control were what three countries and why?
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Greece (became Western); Albania (strict Stalinist regime); Yugoslavia (ruled by Tito under open communist system)
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The Soviets attacked who for power in Eastern Europe as they got rid of the influence of who, ______________, and implemented what?
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rivals; Catholic Church; industrialized; collectivization
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In 1961, what was built to stop the flow of immigrants out of East Berlin?
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Berlin Wall
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The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 to stop the flow of who out of where?
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immigrants; East Berlin
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Immigrants escaping East Berlin where trying to get away from what of the Soviet Union?
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communism
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What country tried to create democratic communism in 1968 but were denied?
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Czechoslovakia
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What did Czechoslovakia try to create in 1968 but were denied by the USSR?
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democratic communism
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What movement occurred in Czechoslovakia in an attempt to reform communism and who was the leader?
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Prague Spring; Alexander Dubcek
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Poland had what unrest and an independent labor movement called what in what time period that challenged Soviet control?
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Catholic; Solidarity; 1970s
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Who was the leader of the Solidarity labor movement in Poland during the 1970s?
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Lech Walsea
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Soviet policy destroyed the what of Eastern Europe and placed power into the hands of who?
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aristocracy; peasantry
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The Soviet government severely limited what?
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religious freedom
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What religions were the Soviets against primarily?
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Jews (Anti-Semitism) and Christians
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What two things glorified the state (USSR)?
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art and literature
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What author wrote about the gulags?
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Alexander Solzhenitsyn
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What trilogy did Solzhenitsyn write?
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The Gulag Archipelago
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What was the most famous book of the Gulag Archipelago by Solzhenitsyn?
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One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich
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The Soviet government invested heavily in what to compete with the US?
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science
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What type of standards improved in the USSR, but poor what emerged?
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living; consumer products
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What type of issues in Russia emerged as a result of waste posoining water and grass?
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ecological
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In the USSR, an emphasis was placed on what in addition to the emergence of what type of divisions?
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sports; class
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What type of social issues emerged in the West?
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decrease in birth rates and an increase in women in the workplace
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Stalin's death in 1953 led to more what type of leaders allowed in Eastern Europe?
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liberal communist
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Liberal communist leaders were allowed in Eastern Europe under what new Soviet premier?
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Nikita Khrushchev
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Who helped to ease Cold War tensions between the US and USSR after what crisis in 1962?
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Khrushchev; Cuban Missile
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The USSR sent what satellite into space and the first man, named who which helped to launch the space race between the US and USSR?
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Sputnik; Yuri Gagarin
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What did the USSR call astronauts?
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kazminats
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There was an increase in foreign policy problems with what country during the deStalinization period and whose awareness was growing?
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China; Muslim
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The Soviets invaded what area in 1979 and pulled out in the late 1980s after losing a what type of war?
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Afghanistan; guerilla
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During the de-Stalinization period, there was a decrease in whose productivity?
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work
