question

feudalism

answer

a social system involves peasants or ,vassals, doing work, like military fighting, for nobles, while being protected and given a small plot of land, or a fief. importance- Feudalism divided power up in the social system of Europe. It also protected Europe from invaders.

question

manorialism

answer

a social and economic system in which peasants were given lands through their lords to be independent and balance the caste system importance- Manorialism gave peasants opportunities and privilieges. They had land and gained control in social Europe. With their wages they received made farming more important.

question

medieval

answer

a Latin word meaning Middle Age; the time in Europe when the Western Roman Empire collapsed and the Renaissance began importance- Jobs became more obtainable. Social and research changes made Europe stronger. After the Black Death ,during the Middle Ages, medical researchers learned more about medicine and surgery. Art reforms became apparent and religious reformations strengthened European society.

question

manor

answer

self-sufficient estate if a medieval lord; included villages and fields; agriculture was very critical to the lord at the estate importance- The manors provided many goods and services. Manors may have improved city structures. Manor systems made villages more civilized. The lord managed crimes and his accounts. Most people who resided on the manor were peasants, who were harvesters of the lord's crops. The manor was critical to later times in Europe like the Renaissance.

question

Papacy

answer

the power of the pope, someone who manages the main government of the Roman Catholic Church importance- The Papacy made a strengthened Catholic community. Catholics looked to the Pope to guide them through life. The Pope held power, Papacy, and made Europe stronger.

question

monarchs

answer

a ruler that is from a family of royalty importance- Monarchs held all the power in feudal Europe. They owned the land, managed trading, and shaped an important cultural movement, the Renaissance.

question

Charlemagne

answer

he was a king of the Franks, tribes derived from Germanic tribes; united most of Western Europe; aka Charles l; holy Roman emperor importance- He advocated education to expand his empire. He was also a committed Christian. He affiliated himself with the Catholic Church to promulgate Christianity throughout Europe.

question

Gregory VII

answer

pope and saint; first pope to kill a king; Christian; he had disregard for disobedience; made many alliances across Europe; political; aka Pope Gregory the Great. importance- He declared the Dictatus Papae, which gave him supreme power. He "excommunicated" Emperor Henry IV from the Catholic community. He believed that the pope should not have control over the Catholic church.

question

Emperor Henry IV

answer

Holy Roman emperor; adversary to Gregory VII; ignored pope; did some bad deeds; German king importance- He changed the Church's authority on Europe. He ignored the pope, and started a fight that led to some cultural changes. He was excommunicated by Gregory VII. He wasn't well educated, so that led to some bad decisions. Henry was de-throned and caused Europe's next king Gregory VII to have the people's full support.

question

absolutism

answer

the tolerance of principles in philosophy, politics, and ethical affairs importance- A monarch ruled in absolutism. He/She ruled with ABSOLUTE power. It produced strong leaders and triumphed all across western Europe. There were many theories of a king's power. Either power came from God or from obeying the rules.

question

Norman Invasion

answer

An invasion that was part of Norman Conquest; the Normans settled in England; invaded and conquered the Saxons importance- The invasion led to the Battle of Hastings, which changed England's culture forever. This was a great strategy by William the Conqueror, to win the Conquest.

question

Battle of Hastings

answer

the battle in which William the Conqueror defeated Harold II, who led the Saxons, in 1066 importance- If this battle had not occurred, the Norman conquest would not have happened. The Normans became the sovereigns over Europe, since Harold II was the last Anglo-Saxon leader. Culture and religion changed forever in Europe.

question

William the Conqueror

answer

Norwegian king; he built many manors and castles; won Battle of Hastings; crowned king of England for his win importance- His win over Hastings changed the history of Europe. He and his men might be slaves and prisoners in their adversary's country! He was crowned king and made important decisions in his reign.

question

Trial by Jury

answer

a practice where, rather than a judge deciding a criminal's future, the criminal has an inquiry with an assembly of impartial people importance- It gave people a chance of real innocent freedom and made the law system more fair to those without help with dealing with trial. People had hope that they might win a case.

question

the Common Law

answer

a set of laws that has developed from regular traditions and the decisions of a judge, rather than laws being passed from an assembly. importance- This Law was part of the law of the land, with Norman French Feudal law, Church Law, and Anglo-Saxon common law. It governed Europe and gave people more freedom.

question

Magna Carta

answer

Latin for "Great Charter"; a set of laws granting freedom; created by King John; referred to the law of the land importance- It set a historic example for kings to abide by the Magna Carta's laws. It affected the US' laws, because we adopted some principles: trial by jury and people's rights.

question

parliament

answer

an assembly of representatives who make laws; kings had power over them at first, then they became a separate body of the government importance- The Parliament strengthened Europe's government by allowing there to be two parts of the government,king and parliament; Common and wealthy men were allowed to participate, that created less of a caste system.

question

Habeas Corpus

answer

a Latin phrase meaning "you shall have the body"; this is pertaining to a court order to bring a person in jail to see a judge about their future importance- It prevented secret arrests and injustice. This legal practice kept innocent people out of jail, and guilty people in.

question

Catholic

answer

having to do with the whole body of the church importance- Catholicism changed the medieval church forever. The church had power over the people and Catholic followers became very important to society. They were high social-status and many people recognized them.

question

Crusades

answer

a series of military campaigns to establish Christian control over the Holy Land importance- The Crusades changed Christian history forever. The Christian population would not be as large today if the Crusades had not spread Christianity throughout Europe.

question

Thomas Aquinas

answer

a Catholic priest and philosopher, who was a professor at the University of Paris; believed in natural law importance- He was obsessed with Aristotle's writings. He brought Europe's attention to theology and philosophy. He changed the way Europe viewed the world.

question

Natural Law

answer

an idea that the laws in nature pertain to the natural world and human affairs and life importance- Thomas Aquinas believed in this concept. He also said that it could be discovered through reasoning. Natural law change the way society viewed the world's laws, human and natural.

question

Bubonic Plague

answer

a bacterial disease that is spread by fleas, that are carried by rats importance- The Black Plague was important because it led Europe into the Renaissance. It was a culturally great time for Europe. The Church's power was strengthened, the Peasant's Revolt surfaced, and social structures were diminished. Europe forever changed after the Plague.

question

What is the definition of medieval?

answer

Latin for Middle Ages

question

What is Europe often called?

answer

the "peninsula of peninsulas"

question

What are some mountain ranges and where are they located?

answer

Alps above Italy, Pyrenees divide France and Spain, Urals divide Europe and Russia

question

What is the Northern European plain

answer

heart of Europe

question

What is the North Atlantic Drift?

answer

warm water current

question

What are Europe's most important rivers?

answer

Danube, Rhine, Siene

question

What are some tribes that migrated to Europe?

answer

Huns, Germanic, Angles, Franks, Jutes, Lombards, Saxons, Visigoths, and Vandals

question

What did the tribes develop into?

answer

small,warring kingdoms

question

Who was Clovis I

answer

a Frankish leader, defeated last Roman army in Western Europe

question

Where did the Franks control many lands?

answer

Gaul and Germany

question

When did Charles Martel unite Frankish lands?

answer

717

question

What were formed when Christian men and women lived religious lives?

answer

monasteries and convents

question

When did Benedict organize a monastery in central Italy?

answer

about 529

question

What was Benedictine Rule and who created it?

answer

Benedict created a series of rules for monastic life, called ¨Benedictine Rule¨

question

What did monks and nuns do?

answer

monks and nuns made vows, obeyed leaders, worked for community, remained unmarried, and owned nothing

question

What did Catholic missionaries do?

answer

during Middle Ages, Catholic missionaries traveled Europe to convert pagans

question

Who was Patrick and what did he do?

answer

Patrick, a British saint, converted Ireland to Christianity

question

What did the King of Kent do after Pope Gregory I sent monks?

answer

converted to Catholicism

question

What was one thing the Church taught?

answer

people should live lives based on the teachings of Jesus

question

What were sins a violation of?

answer

God's laws

question

What did the Catholics believe

answer

the way people lived would affect what happened to their souls after death

question

What did the Pope have on Europe's history and religion?

answer

a significant influence on Europe

question

Why did people obey the Church?

answer

Church was the highest authority

question

What did the Church have and do to stay in control?

answer

Church could deny any person´s sacraments and controlled some wealth and land

question

Where did the Pope control lands?

answer

in central Italy

question

What did Christians see themselves a part of?

answer

the Christendom

question

Who was Charlemagne's grandson?

answer

Charlemagne

question

When was Charlemagne crowned king of Franks?

answer

768

question

Where was Charlemagne's empire across?

answer

France, Germany, and Italy

question

How long was Charlemagne's reign?

answer

46 years

question

What did Charlemagne fight for?

answer

land and power

question

Who were some major battles against that Charlemagne led?

answer

Umayyads and Saxons

question

What MAJOR goal did Charlemagne accomplish?

answer

reunified original western Roman Empire

question

What did Charlemagne do to ensure that the officials jobs were being well done?

answer

appointed nobles and sent out officials

question

What did Charlemagne promote to unify Franks?

answer

education

question

What and why did Charlemagne build?

answer

built schools, so officials could write accurate reports

question

What did Charlemagne read and understand?

answer

Latin and Greek

question

What was one appositive to describe Charlemagne?

answer

devoted Christian

question

What did Charlemagne want?

answer

a unified Christian Europe

question

Who did Charlemagne protect?

answer

Pope Leo III

question

What thing did Pope Leo III do to strengthen the Church's power

answer

crown Charlemagne

question

Why does Europe have so many countries unlike the US?

answer

Since many kingdoms began to fight, land began to have borders. Europe was ruled by sovereigns, so everything was separate not united.

question

What word is associated with Charlemagne?

answer

cooperation

question

What word is associated with Henry IV?

answer

conflict

question

Where does the Pope live?

answer

Vatican (its its own country)

question

What does the manor control?

answer

fief

question

Who started Europe as we know it today?

answer

Charlemagne

question

Who controlled Europe before the Middle Ages?

answer

Roman Empire

question

What made Catholicism powerful?

answer

Black Plague

question

Who were a few people or groups that almost united Europe?

answer

-Romans -Hitler -Charlemagne

question

What is the difference between feudalism and manorialism?

answer

Manorialism made Europe stronger and more organized, while feudalism created weakness and wars.

question

Europe´s Geography

answer

made up of plains, mountains, and rivers

question

Feudalism synonyms

answer

HIERARCHY, estate, land, dividing, rank, sovereignty

question

What Latin word means fief?

answer

feudom

question

hierarchy

answer

a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority

question

What did Catholic do on their missionaries?

answer

convert Pagans to Christianity

question

What 2 leaders that we have studied have had the most influence on religion in Europe?

answer

Constantine and Charlemagne

question

What were the Middle Ages?

answer

It is the medieval period of Europe, when the Crusades and Black Death occurred. Medieval is Latin for "Middle Ages". It became a European civilization. The Middle Ages began after the fall of the Roman Empire.

question

What role did the clergy have in Charlemagne's government?

answer

Charlemagne supported the Catholic church, and because of that, the clergy, or people who are anointed to complete religious services, rose to power in the government. Charlemagne's main goal was to form a united Catholic Europe. He had much power over the Catholic Church and the Pope.

question

How did Germanic tribes affect Europe?

answer

Germanic tribes settled in during the Roman Empire, around 300 A.D. Clovis I conquered many Germanic kingdoms.

question

How did Europe's geography attract people to different regions?

answer

There was good, fertile land for farming in Europe, unlike the mountainous Russian area, or the desertous African sand. With three large rivers, and land for tilling crops, many people were amazed with how many other people were moving up north just to farm. The flat plains made it easy to travel from country to country.

question

How did Charlemagne work to unite much of Western Europe?

answer

He believed in education. With educated officials, they could correctly do their work, and that made his reign stronger. He also was a devoted Catholic.

question

How did Charlemagne's rule affect medieval Europe?

answer

He spread Christianity, created a lasting and strong government, and made new traditions. Many other rulers followed him when they created their kingdoms. Europe would be different if it weren't for him.

question

How did different groups and individuals take power in early medieval Europe?

answer

They must be approved and anointed by pope. This was Pope Leo III's idea, that the pope should be the only one to crown the king or emperor. However, in smaller territories, tribes found for land and whoever had the most authority and land, was the king.

question

How do monasteries and convents differ?

answer

Monasteries were for men and convents were for women.

question

What is a pagan?

answer

a follower of a poly-theistic religion

question

List two examples of sacraments.

answer

communion and baptism

question

How did missionaries help spread Christianity throughout Europe?

answer

Missionaries traveled Europe and tried to convert Pagans. They taught the Bible to those who would listen.

question

Why was the Catholic Church a center of authority?

answer

Because the Church was the guardian of God's truth and the Church also controlled the administration of sacraments

question

How did monasteries help keep classical Greek and Roman civilization alive?

answer

Monks copied and illustrated religious manuscripts and works from the Christian Roman empire and Greece .They also taught Latin, the language of the church.

question

How did Christian teachings affect the lives of medieval Europeans?

answer

Catholic faith became a part of every day life. It became the center of European society and a place of worship.

question

What was a title for someone who converted someone to Christianity?

answer

saint

question

Who was Boniface?

answer

a Christian saint

question

Who was St. Patrick?

answer

was a missionary who converted many Irish pagans to Chirstians

question

Many of Charlemagne's advisers were a part of the.......

answer

clergy

question

What happened because Charlemagne protected Pope Leo lll?

answer

The pope crowned Charlemagne as emperor and that created much conflict.

question

Who was responsible for people of the Isles of Britain converting to Christianity/Catholic?

answer

Pope Gregory I

question

After the fall of Rome, many warring Germanic tribes formed kingdoms. One of the most important tribes was.....

answer

Franks

question

What mountain range separates Europe and Asia?

answer

Urals

question

Catholics believe...................

answer

the way people lived would affect what happened to their souls after death

question

After the Roman empire collapsed, Western Europe began a era of.............

answer

social, political, and economic decline

question

What continent is the Middle East in?

answer

Asia

question

The church gained much power and wealth during the middle ages because..............

answer

people believed the church controlled whether they got into heaven or hell

question

Common practices of people of the same cultural group Which term best defines the above?

answer

regional customs

question

By 530s the Franks controlled much of present day.....

answer

France

question

Why was the pope crowning Charlemagne so important?

answer

it established the idea that only the pope had the power to name an emperor

question

During the Middle Ages, what spread throughout much of Europe?

answer

Christianity

question

When the Roman Empire collapsed, Europe was mostly....

answer

Pagan

question

By the 700s and 800s daily life in Europe revolved around.............

answer

the Catholic Church

question

Most westerly winds blow inland from a warm current in the ocean around Europe called the.....

answer

North Atlantic Drift

question

A government ruled by a few people is....

answer

an oligarchy

question

The rituals of the Catholic church are called the......

answer

sacraments

question

What are the 3 peninsulas are in Southern Europe?

answer

Iberian, Italian, and Balkan

question

Spain has the lowest population density in Western Europe What does this mean?

answer

it means Spain probably has more farms than most countries in Europe

question

Why is the sea important to Southern Europe?

answer

It provides food, a way to travel, and a way to transport goods through the region

question

The lifeline of any civilization is always.......

answer

rivers and streams

question

One of Charlemagne's great accomplishments was uniting Europe. One of the ways he felt would help to unite the continent was by introducing and improving.......

answer

education

question

Charlemagne protected Pope Leo III from enemies in Rome. The pope showed his thanks by......

answer

crowning Charlemagne emperor

question

Early medieval Europe had no hospitals or public schools. As a result who provided basic health and educational services?

answer

monasteries

question

Which of the following made Europe an attractive place for people to immigrate to?

answer

the fertile ground of the plains

question

How did Charlemagne affect Europe?

answer

Charlemagne was a Germanic ruler, so he crucially affected Europe's history and how it is today. Charles Martel, a Germanic ruler, won a major battle, the Battle of Tours.

question

How did Charlemagne unify much of the Roman Empire in western Europe?

answer

Since the emperor had much authority in the Church, he made Christianity an important thing to the people. He also fought many neighboring tribes and fought for land. He fought tribes like, Lombards, Muslims, and Avars.

question

When did the Muslims conquer Sicily?

answer

in the 800s

question

Where did the Muslims invade from?

answer

Africa

question

Where did Muslims, Magyars, and Vikings all raid?

answer

western Europe

question

Where were the Magyars from?

answer

Hungary

question

Who were the most successful raiders?

answer

Vikings

question

Where were the Vikings from?

answer

Northern Europe

question

What other professions did the Vikings do?

answer

farmers, traders, and explorers

question

What did travel do for Europe?

answer

opened trade routes

question

What did the raiders target?

answer

monasteries

question

What did the Vikings do to attack?

answer

sailed up rivers to burn villages

question

What did the Vikings do for North America?

answer

established a colony

question

When did the raiders invade, Vikings create a colony, and trade routes reopen happen?

answer

AFTER CHARLEMAGNE

question

Where did the Spanish invade?

answer

Southern Europe

question

What led to feudalism?

answer

collapse of western Europe

question

Who united western Europe?

answer

Charlemagne

question

Where became the center of Muslim culture?

answer

Sicily

question

What region of Europe collapsed after the death of Charlemagne?

answer

western Europe

question

What did the economy rely on after Charlemagne's death?

answer

manors

question

What is an alias for the Vikings?

answer

Normans

question

Who did the Normans evolve to be?

answer

Franks

question

What did the Franks contribute to Europe?

answer

France

question

Who were the three largest invader groups?

answer

Magyars, Muslims, and Vikings

question

Who was a State and Church conflict between?

answer

Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII

question

Who was another State and Church conflict between?

answer

King Henry II and Thomas Becket

question

What temporarily resolved the conflicts between the State and Church?

answer

Concordat of Worms

question

Middle Ages

answer

period between ancient and modern times

question

topography

answer

physical features of a surface

question

monastery

answer

a secluded community when men, called monks focus on scripture and prayer

question

convent

answer

a religious community for women, also known as nuns

question

missionary

answer

a person who tries to convert others to a particular religion

question

Christendom

answer

a large community of Christians spread across the world

question

vassals

answer

lesser lords who received land or a fief in return for their services

question

knights

answer

warriors mounted on horseback

question

chivalry

answer

code of conduct that required knights to be brave, loyal, and honest

question

serf

answer

a peasant who was legally bound to the lord's land

question

secular

answer

nonreligious

question

excommunicate

answer

to exclude or ostracize a person from a church or a religious community

question

pilgrimage

answer

a journey undertaken to worship at a holy place

question

Common law

answer

a body of law that has developed from custom and from judge's decisions rather than from laws passed by a lawmaking assembly

question

writ

answer

a court order

question

heresy

answer

a belief that is rejected by official Church teaching

question

Inquisition

answer

a series of investigations designed to find and judge heretics

question

Iberian Peninsula

answer

the peninsula where present day Spain and Portugal are located

question

Moors

answer

Muslims in Spain

question

Reconquista

answer

movement to drive the Muslims from Spain

question

Who gained more power overtime?

answer

popes

question

What was created because popes gained more power?

answer

conflict

question

When did Hildebrand, an Italian monk, become Pope Gregory VII?

answer

1073

question

What did Pope Gregory VII believe?

answer

he believed that the emperor should have no power in the Church

question

What did his belief lead to?

answer

a conflict with Henry IV

question

What did Pope Gregory create?

answer

a list of rules initiating power

question

What did Henry IV do to the Pope?

answer

ignored his rules

question

What did Gregory VII do to Henry IV?

answer

excommunicated him

question

What still remained, although the Pope forgave Henry?

answer

their conflict

question

Who forced Pope out of the city?

answer

the emperor

question

When was the Concordat of Worms created?

answer

1122

question

What was the Concordat of Worms?

answer

an agreement in which the Church could only appoint bishops

question

What are the peninsulas of Europe?

answer

Italian, Balkan, Scandinavian, Iberian

question

What word would you use to describe Europe's topography?

answer

physical features of a surface

question

What is the significance of the North European Plain?

answer

people migrated to the west; fertile heart of Europe; many crops grew here

question

What mountains isolate Italy from the rest of Europe?

answer

Alps

question

How do Europe's rivers flow?

answer

from the central mountains and highlands

question

What caused different people to migrate to Western Europe?

answer

Europe's geography was very appealing

question

Name 8 different tribes that migrated into Europe during the Early Middle Ages.

answer

Visigoths, Vandals, Saxons, Lombards, Jutes, Huns, Franks, and Angles

question

Where did the tribes that migrated to Europe come from? Name 2 places.

answer

Asia and Africa

question

What did all these tribes in Europe cause?

answer

small, fighting kingdoms

question

What leader took defeated the last Roman army in Western Europe?

answer

Clovis I

question

What tribe was he from?

answer

Franks

question

When did this happen?

answer

486

question

What did this tribe accomplish on a major scale?

answer

conquering other kingdoms

question

Was the accomplishment by Clovis I long term?

answer

no

question

What did Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer) do in 717?

answer

united Frankish lands

question

Why was his unification so important?

answer

they were united with one ruler

question

What is the only part of all of Europe that the Muslims have ruled?

answer

Spain

question

How did the Franks take power in Western Europe?

answer

fought against neighboring tribes: Avars, Slavs, Lombards, and Saxons; made alliances with Muslim leaders; appointed nobles to rule local areas

question

When did Charlemagne (Charles the Great) become king of the Franks?

answer

768

question

What 3 of today's countries did Charlemagne's empire mostly cover?

answer

France, Germany, and Italy

question

Charlemagne's victory accomplished what important goal?

answer

to united much of the Western Roman Empire

question

Who helped run Charlemagne run his empire?

answer

appointed nobles and clergy

question

What did Charlemagne feel would strengthen his empire?

answer

education

question

Education made Charlemagne create what?

answer

schools

question

What 2 languages did Charlemagne study?

answer

Latin and Greek

question

What religion was Charlemagne?

answer

Christian (specifically Catholic)

question

Many of Charlemagne's advisers were what?

answer

part of the clergy

question

What kind of Europe did Charlemagne want?

answer

unified Christian Europe

question

What kind of worshiper was Charlemagne?

answer

devout Christian; worshiped day and night

question

What happened to Charlemagne in 800 and why was it so important to his rule?

answer

he was crowned emperor by Pope Leo; created an idea that the pope could be the only one to name an emperor ( strengthened Church's power)

question

What are Charlemagne's 3 legacies in Europe?

answer

extended Christianity into north Europe; contributed to the diffusion of Germanic, Christian, and Roman traditions; created strong government

question

During the Middle Ages, what 2 things spread through Europe and changed the continent forever?

answer

Christianity and education

question

What was the Benedictine rule?

answer

a series of rules used by monasteries and convents; created by Benedict, an Italian monk

question

What Christian monk established a new way of monastic life in Europe?

answer

Benedict

question

Where in Europe did Benedict establish a new way of monastic life?

answer

central Italy

question

Under this new way of monastic life, what 2 things were supposed to be balanced in life?

answer

prayer and work

question

What 5 promises did these new monks make?

answer

to live and worship within their communities for their entire life; to obey leaders; work for the good of their community; remain unmarried; own nothing to themselves

question

What took place in the monasteries. Give 5 examples.

answer

provided educational and health services; cared for poor and sick people; built schools for children; copied and illustrated religious manuscripts; grew food in gardens

question

Why did monasteries and convents provide health care and educational services?

answer

Europe contained no hospitals or schools

question

Monasteries libraries contained Greek and Roman works. What were they attempting to accomplish by protecting ancient works?

answer

to preserve ancient works and keep learning alive

question

The central courtyard that a monastery was traditionally built around was called what?

answer

cloister

question

What was the importance of cloister?

answer

monks and nuns ate, slept, and worshipped there

question

What did Catholic missionaries do during the Early Middle Ages across Europe?

answer

traveled across Europe to convert pagans, who are believers in nature not in God

question

Who was Patrick of Ireland and what did he do?

answer

he was a missionary born in Britain

question

How do we remember Patrick of Ireland?

answer

we celebrate St. Patrick's Day or March 17th

question

What caused much of Britain to become Catholic/Christian?

answer

Pope Gregory I sent a group of monks to Britain to convert the king of Kent, a pagan, to Christianity

question

How did missionaries affect Europe?

answer

missionaries change people's lives by convincing them to change their religion and lifestyle; therefore many churches were built and people traveled all over the world to convert people to Christianity

question

As Christianity spread, what happened to the church?

answer

it became more powerful with more force

question

What 2 main ideas did the early church teach to the people of Europe?

answer

live a life based on Jesus' teachings; sins were a violation of God's laws

question

What 2 things were central to medieval Catholic beliefs in Europe?

answer

concepts of heaven and hell

question

What 3 things did Catholics in early Europe believe were the only ways to avoid hell?

answer

do good deeds; believe in Jesus; participate in the sacraments

question

How much influence did the pope and Catholic leaders have in medieval Europe?

answer

significant or a lot of influence

question

How did the church have so much power?

answer

because the people thought that the Church had the highest authority and they were the guardian of God's truth

question

What could the Church do to show power?

answer

could punish people by denying their sacraments

question

What happened to western Europe after Charlemagne's death?

answer

his empire fell apart

question

What new idea helped solve this problem, Charlemagne's death?

answer

feudalism

question

Between 800 and 1000 what threatened Western Europe?

answer

invaders

question

Who were the boldest and most successful invaders of Western Europe?

answer

Vikings

question

Where did they come from, the most successful invaders?

answer

Scandinavia and northern Europe

question

Where did the most successful raiders invade first?

answer

monasteries

question

Why did the Vikings choose monasteries to invade?

answer

wealthy and poorly defended

question

Other than destructive raiders, what else were the Vikings?

answer

farmers, traders, sailors

question

Where did these invaders eventually settle?

answer

North America, England. Ireland, northern France, and some of Russia

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What happened to the Vikings?

answer

they DIFFUSED with new cultures and peoples

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Why did feudalism start?

answer

emperors were nearly powerless and could not defend their people from invaders

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What is the hierarchy of feudalism?

answer

powerful lords

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What group of invaders covered the most territory?

answer

Vikings

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What was included with a fief?

answer

any buildings or towns; peasants

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What did a vassal provide?

answer

military support and currency and food

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What were the lords like in Early Japan?

answer

they built castles with drawbridges, high walls, and moats

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What code did knights live by?

answer

chivalry

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What did the chivalry require the knights to do?

answer

be loyal, generous, and brave

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Who did the knight serve and protect?

answer

their lords

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What were the major like features between European feudalism and Japanese feudalism?

answer

began during a time of war; both warriors were expected to follow a code; involved exchange of land

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What were the major difference features between European feudalism and Japanese feudalism?

answer

religion; Japanese were Shinto and Europeans were Christian

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What was the heart of the medieval economy?

answer

manors; they were around a lord's castle, with peasants and serfs working; markets and towns would be where the people shopped at

question

What is an economy?

answer

the amount of goods and services a region has

question

What group of raiders did William the Conqueror descend from?

answer

Vikings

question

What was another name for the Vikings?

answer

Normans

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What did the dukes of Normandy become?

answer

feudal lords

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What did the feudal lords want?

answer

new lands to rule

question

What country were the Vikings interested in?

answer

England

question

Why were the Vikings interested in England?

answer

because of its wealth

question

Who was Edward the Confessor?

answer

an Anglo-Saxon king

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Who was the English crown promised to?

answer

Harold

question

Who claimed the English crown?

answer

William

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Who became king out of Harold and William?

answer

Harold

question

What two rivals did Harold face?

answer

Norwegian king and William

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When did the Norwegian king land in northern England?

answer

September 1066

question

Did Harold defeat or lose the Norwegian invasion?

answer

he defeated

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A few days after the Norwegian invasion, who invaded southern England?

answer

William

question

On October 14, the two armies met where?

answer

near village of Hastings

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How did the English fight?

answer

on foot

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How did the Normans fight?

answer

with a calvary

question

When was William crowned king of England?

answer

Christmas Day, 1066

question

What transformed because of the Norman Conquest?

answer

English language and culture

question

Who did the Battle of Hastings wipe out?

answer

noble Anglo-Saxon families

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Who did King William give about 180 lands to?

answer

Norman barons

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Who got the largest share of lands?

answer

King's family

question

What balanced wealth and power?

answer

William's giving of the land

question

Who introduced a strong feudal system?

answer

King William

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Who had power in the Church and government?

answer

anyone of Norman birth

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What two languages became the languages of law, culture, and government?

answer

Latin and French

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What two cultures blended together to create modern English?

answer

Anglo-Saxon and Norman French

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What were Henry II and Thomas Becket once?

answer

allies and friends

question

Who was Thomas Becket?

answer

an important archbishop

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What did Henry II want to increase?

answer

his power

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What did Thomas Becket do to Henry II?

answer

he excommunicated him

question

What did Henry II do to Becket?

answer

he murdered him

question

What place became a shrine?

answer

Canterbury, where Becket was killed

question

What three groups were hugely affected by the Crusades?

answer

Muslims, Christians, and Jews

question

What was the purpose of the Crusades?

answer

to gain control of the "Holy Land"

question

What was one advantage of the crusaders?

answer

they took Muslim kingdoms by surprise

question

What was one thing the Europeans learned from Muslims?

answer

the hygienic practice of washing the hands with soap

question

What did Spain do all Jews in 1492?

answer

banished the Jews who refused to convert to Christianity

question

How many successful/major Crusades were there?

answer

Four

question

Who were some saints that converted people to Christianity?

answer

Boniface, St. Patrick, Pope Gregory I

question

In 1073 in Rome, Pope Gregory believed the emperor should NOT have power over the church......this led to...

answer

conflict with Henry IV, the Holy Roman emperor at the time

question