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Red Scare

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The Growing fear of communism in the United States

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What triggered the Red Scare?

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-The Soviet Union detonated their first atomic bomb in August 1949 -Communist control of China

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House of Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

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Purpose was to find out communist threats in U.S. Part of house of representatives

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Hollywood Ten

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-Top writers and directors suspected of spreading communist messages through their films -refused to answer committees questions -received a jail sentence

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Blacklisted

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-those in Hollywood who were discovered to be Communist or Communist sympathizers were blacklisted and would no longer be hired in the film industry -300 directors and writers blacklisted

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Major Spy Cases

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Ethel and Julius Rosenburg, 1951 Alger Hiss, 1948 Klaus Fuchs, 1950

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Joseph McCarthy

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-senator from Wisconsin -reputation of Americans top communist fighter -later didn't have evidence to support his claims

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McCarthyism

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tactic of baseless charges and spreading fear

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GI Bill

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Service Men's Readjustment Act of 1944, signed by Roosevelt

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Features of the GI Bill

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-provide money for college/ job training -loans for a farm/home/business -unemployment pay of 20 per week up to a year -assistance finding jobs

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Baby Boom

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-A dramatic rise in the birthrate that occurred in the next two decades after WWII -helped economy - Between 1946 and 1964

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Election of 1948

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Truman had a surprising victory over Thomas Dewey, governor of New York

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Whistle Stop Campaign

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-Trumans campaign across the country by train giving 350 speeches all together

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Inflation

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a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money

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Cold War

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-lasted from 1945-1991 -An era of high tension and bitter rivalry between the Soviet Union and U.S. - A war of influence and power between communism and democracy

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Causes of Cold War

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-feeling of suspicion and distrust -SU goal to spread communism and gain a buffer zone -US made efforts to resist soviet expansion

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Satellite States

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Soviet-friendly communist governments in every nation in Eastern Europe esxcept Yugoslavia

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Capitalism

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-citizens own private property -private individuals own factories, mines, land -private individuals keel profits from what they own

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Iron Curtain

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A sharp imaginary line separating communist Eastern Europe from Capitalist Western Europe

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Containment

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U.S. policy to resist Soviet attempts to expand power and influence countries falling to communism by economic or military aid.

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Truman Doctirne

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" The U.S. should support free peopled throughout the world resisting takeovers by the Soviet Union." -He is for helping countries resist communism

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Marshall Plan

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- 1948-1951 -European recovery program Purpose: U.S. financial aid program to rebuild Europe Amount of aid: 13.4 billion Countries receiving aid: 17 Countries received most aid: Great Britain, France, Italy Result: helped postwar economy

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Postwar Germany: 4 zones

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-British zone, French zone, American zone, Soviet zone -Capital city Berlin divided into fourths -East Germany: Soviet zone, Communist -West Germany: Democratic part, free

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Soviet Blockade

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-Soviets cut off electricity, increased patrol guards, and turned back vehicles heading into West Berlin from West Germany -Russians ended blockade in May 1949

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Berlin Airlift

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-Aircrafts were sent from west Germany to bring supplies to West Berlin during the Soviet Blockade.

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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 1949

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-initiated because of problems in Berlin -A military alliance -An attack on one of the countries was considered an attack on all.

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Warsaw Pact (1955)

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Communist military alliance that formed as a result of NATO being formed. It had 8 countries and did not survive.

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Cold War Definition

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An era of high tension and bitter rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States. It was a war of ideas, influence, and power.

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8 Causes of the Cold War

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1. Feelings of suspicion and distrust 2. Soviet Union wanted U.S. and Great Britain to enter into World War II earlier. 3. The Soviet Union wanted to spread communism; wanted a "buffer zone." 4. U.S. efforts to resist Soviet Expansion 5. U.S. secretly developed the A- Bomb; power rivalry; arms race. 6. Soviet Union did not live up to wartime promises of free elections. 7. Different political systems. 8. Bipolarization of Europe: division of Europe between communist and democratic countries.

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"Buffer Zone"

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a line of Soviet-friendly nations to separate the Soviet Union from its enemies in Western Europe.

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European countries with communist beliefs

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Soviet Satellite States

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Truman's hometown where Winston Churchill came

answer

Fulton, Missouri

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Iron Curtain

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Communism created a sharp, imaginary dividing line separating communist Eastern Europe from free capitalist Western Europe.

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Containment

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U.S. policy to resist Soviet attempts to expand its power and influence by giving economic aid in order to strengthen countries against falling to communism or by military aid.

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To which two countries did the United States give $400 million first?

answer

Greece and Turkey

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Truman Doctrine

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U.S. should support free people around the world who are resisting takeovers by the Soviet Union. We must assist free people t

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Definition of the Cold War

answer

An era of high tensions and bitter rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union

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Iron Curtain

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An imaginary line dividing Communist countries in the Soviet bloc from countries in Western Europe during the Cold War

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Containment

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U.S. tactic of stopping the spread of communism through influencing countries falling to communism with economic and military aid.

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Truman Doctrine

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President Truman's pledge to provide economic and military aid to countries threatened bu communism; a pledge to contain communism

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Soviet Blockade & Berlin Airlift

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The Communist East Germany formed a blockade to prevent supplies from getting into west Berlin in hoped that they would surrender to communism so the capital city could be taken over by the Soviets.

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NATO

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(North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Created in 1949 to create a military defense alliance in the event of a future war.

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armistice

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Agreement signed to cease fighting and put down arms

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Hollywood Ten

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Top writers and directors who were convicted of trying to spread communist ideas through their films. They would not answer questions, and received a jail sentence.

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Red Scare

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The Widespread fear of Communism

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U.N. police action in Korean War

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The United Nations using force and placing troops in Korea was not considered "declaring war"

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United Nations

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An international peace-keeping organization created to encourage cooperation among nations and prevent future wars.

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Ethel and Julius Rosenburg

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Were convicted of being leaders of a Soviet Spy ring and received the death penalty

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Douglas MacArthur

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Was the commanding general if the U.N. forces in the Korean War. Said "Old soldiers never die; they just fade away' following his firing by President Truman.

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What was fueling the fear of communism in the late 1940s?

answer

Communist control of China, Soviets detonated their atomic bomb, Some Americans were convicted of giving secrets to soviets and convicted of being communists.

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Dates of beginning and end of Korean War

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1950-1953

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Outcome of Korean War

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-Boundary was pushed slightly above 38th parallel -great loss of life-armistice signed -South Korea Saved from communism -No clear winner

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Communism

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Government owns everything from businesses to natural resources. Government controls all jobs, who is hired, the pay, and receives all profits. People cannot vote.

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Result of the Marshall Plan:

answer

1. Western Europe could feed its hungry and provide jobs. 2. They could buy products from American factories. 3. The United States received strong political support in Western Europe.

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Four zones of postwar Germany:

answer

British, French, American, Soviet. (FABS)

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Collective Security

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all states cooperate collectively to provide security for all.

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How many NATO nations are there today?

answer

26

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GI Bill

answer

1. Provided money for college or job training 2. Loans for farm, home, or business 3. Unemployment pay of $20 per week up to a year 4. Assistance finding jobs

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Which departments were created in 1947?

answer

The CIA and the NSC.

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OPA

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Controlled what products American industry could make and set the prices.

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Executive Order 9981

answer

Wiped out segregation in the armed forces.

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Taft-Hartley Act

answer

monitors the activities and power of labor unions.

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Inflation

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Rise in prices

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Truman's Fair Deal

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1. Health insurance for all Americans 2. Civil rights legislation 3. Federal housing programs 4. Unemployment insurance benefits 5. Tax cuts for the poor 6. Federal funding for education 7. Increased minimum wage from 40c to 75c

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Executive Order 9835

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Truman's plan to investigate all federal employees for signs of Communism.

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Capital of South Korea

answer

Seoul

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Domino Theory

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If one country falls to Communism, other in that region would fall

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The Korean War was a _________________________, not a war.

answer

police action

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What percent of troops in the Korean War were American?

answer

88%

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Leader of all UN troops

answer

Duglas MacArthur

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Port of Pusan

answer

very important place in the Korean War

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Inchon Landing

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MacArthur's plan to bring 70,000 troops behind enemy lines to recapture Seoul. Pushed the North Korean troops back to North Korea

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Over which river did 260,000 Chinese troops come?

answer

the Yalu River

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Why was MacArthur fired?

answer

He publicly denounced Truman and threatened the Chinese.

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Peace talks persisted for 2 years because:

answer

1. They did not know what to do with POWs 2. The dividing line had to be drawn

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Of what did Stalin die?

answer

A brain hemhorrage

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In which ways was the Korean War a success?

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-Communism was ousted -America put actions behind its words

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In which ways was the Korean War a failure?

answer

-There was no winner -It is called the "forgotten war" because it is between two massive wars -A memorial was not built until 1995

History Chapter 15 – The Cold War – Flashcards

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