chap 17-18 western civ – Flashcards
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why do enlightened thinkers can be understood as secularists
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because they strongly recommended the application of the scientific method
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what was intellectual life in the 18th century marked by
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it was marked by the emergence of secularism
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who were the french philosophes
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they were literate intellectuals who meant to change the world through reason and rationality
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what was the capital if the enlightenment
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paris
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what is deism
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the beilef that god created the universe but does not run it
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what did the belief in natural laws underlying all areas of human life lead to
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it lead to social sciences
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according to the social contract what is the general will
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it is whts best for the society
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what aided the growth of reading and publishing in the 18th century
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magazines for the general public
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what was high culture in the 18th century europe characterized by
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it was characterized by the enormous impact of the publishing industry
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punishment of crime in the 18th century was characterized by
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gruesome and public
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in the 18th century what role did churches play in society
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played a major role in spiritual and social areas
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politically what did the period from 1715-1789 witness
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they witnessed the continually process of centralization in the development of nation states
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what happened to france during the 18th century
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they lost an empire while acquiring a huge public debt
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what was a continual trend in 18th century prussia
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the trend was the social and military dominance of the junker nobility
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who is austrian emperor joseph II
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son of maria theresa, launched ambitious educational reforms
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what legal reforms did catherine the great express in her instruction
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it accomplished little due to heavy opposition and were soon forgotten
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what did the dismemberment of poland in the late 18th century show
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it showed the necessity of a strong centralized government
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rulers associated with enlightened absolutism in the 28th century successfully limited whose power
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the church
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what was european warfare in the 18th century characterized by
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limited objectives and elaborate maneuvers
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how did the population change in the second half of the 18th century in europe
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the nearly doubled the rate of the first half
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what was a key financial advantage the british government enjoyed over french rulers in the 18th century
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it was britains capacity to borrow large sums of money at low rates on interest
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what did european society in the 18th century witness in regards to family
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more nuclear families
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how did trade and commerce change in within europe during the 18th century
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trade within europe was still greater than over seas trade, there was a dramatic increase in trade between european nations and their colonies
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how did european peasantry in the 18th century change
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they made up a large portion of the population and often owed extensive landowners
