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Japanese invasion of china, german rearmament, Italian Invasion of Ethiopia, Spanish Civil War, Anschluss, Czechoslovakia and Munich Crisis, Invasion of Poland

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Eurasian Causes of WWII

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Benito Mussolini

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inventor of fascists; very militaristic; glorifies war

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Spanish Civil war

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power struggle in Spain; spanish republicans vs -Hitler decides he is going to get involved and sends troops to support the Fascists side

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Anschluss

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German annexation of Austria

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Czechoslovakia and Munich Crisis

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Appeasement -nazi-Soviet Non-aggression pact -People realize what hitler is about

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Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

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1939 Nazi and Soviets agree to this deal; Soviet will get part of poland

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Invasion of Poland

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Hitler invades Poland -Poles put up noble fight -Poland is crushed in about 4 weeks Germans take up 2/3of the nation -Great Britain and France declare war on Germany

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USA, Great Britain, Soviet Union, France

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Who are the Allies?

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Germany, Italy, Japan

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Who are the Axis?

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Washington Naval Conference

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Conducted outside the auspice of the League of Nations, it was attended by nine nations—the United States, Japan, China, France, Britain, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Portugal regarding interests in the Pacific Ocean and East Asia. Soviet Russia was not invited to the conference

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Kellogg-Brand Peace Pact

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is a 1928 international agreement in which signatory states promised not to use war to resolve "disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or of whatever origin they may be, which may arise among them.

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Neutrality Acts of 1935-36

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laws passed in 1935, 1936, 1937, and 1939 to limit U.S. involvement in future wars. They were based on the widespread disillusionment with World War I in the early 1930s and the belief that the United States had been drawn into the war through loans and trade with the Allies.q

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Cash-and-Carry Policy

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a policy requested by US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt -The revision allowed the sale of materiel to belligerents, as long as the recipients arranged for the transport using their own ships and paid immediately in cash, assuming all risk in transportation.However, the sale of war materials was not allowed.

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Lend-Lease bill

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in which Congress authorized the sale, lease, transfer, or exchange of arms and supplies to 'any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the United States.'"

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Nazi Invasion of Poland, Fall of France, Battle of Britain, German Invasion of Soviet Union, Pearl Harbor, Battle of Stalingrad, Holocaust

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Course of WWII

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Joseph Stalin, Franklin Rosevelt, Winston Churchill

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Who were the Big Three during WWII?

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Europe First Strategy, Military needs first, insisted on Axis powers' unconditional surrender

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What held the Allies together/

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Battle of the Coral Sea

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fought during 4-8 May 1942, was a major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II between the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) and naval and air forces from the United States and Australia.

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Battle of Midway

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US defeated an attacking fleet of Japanese Navy inflicting devastating damage on the Japanese fleet that proved irreparable

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D-Day

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the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. largest seaborne invasion in history, the operation began the liberation of German-occupied northwestern Europe from Nazi control, and contributed to the Allied victory on the Western Front.

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Harry S Truman

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-assuming the office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt during the waning months of World War II

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Bombing of Hiroshima

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the order of President Harry S. Truman, dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively, during the final stage of World War II. The United States had dropped the bombs with the consent of the United Kingdom as outlined in the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings, which killed at least 129,000 people, remain the only use of nuclear weapons for warfare in history.

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Soviet Satellite System

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-Soviet Union had occupied former Nazi territories in eastern Europe -the USSR will impose Communist governments on those nations -nations will report to Moscow

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ant-democratic, force

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In the US, the Satellite system was seen as an? -_______-_______ -Expanded ______ influence by force

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USSR

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IN the soviet union, the Satellite system was seen as a necessary precaution -Securred the western border of the ______ from future invasion -almost act of self-defense

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marshall plan

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1947 -program of foreign aid to nations devastated in WWII -From 1948-1951, the US delivers over $13 billion in aid to 16 countries -designed to reduce Soviet influence

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NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

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founded in 1949 -defensive alliance against the USSR -included the U.S, canada, Great Britain, France, italy -declared an attack against one member would be considered an attack against them all

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United Nations

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founded by 1945 Governed by security council -5 Permanent members with Veto Power: USA, USSR, Great Britain, France, China

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Containment

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developed by diplomat George Kennan -US must use all means at its disposal to prevent the spread of Communism into new areas -DO NOT try to extinguish Communism where it already exists, but don't allow it to expand

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Proxy war

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military conflict where one superpower fights a smaller nation indirectly backed by the other superpower

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Korean War

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divided into two nations after WWII -North Korea invades South Korea -UN authorizes "police action" -US deploys troops -US pushed North Korea out of South Korea -China Enters war

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atomic weapons

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During the korean war, Truman and MacArthur debate using _____ ______ against China.

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limited war

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Truman insists upon _____ _____ -nobody talks about dropping nukes

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McCarthyism

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the practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence.

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McCarthyism, Establishment of CIA, FBI investigation of suspected Communists

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Anti-Communism during the Truman Years

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22nd amendment

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limits president to two four-year terms

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Dwight D EisenHower

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liked to be laid-back and "grandfatherly" but very hands on He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces in Europe.

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Brinksmanship

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secretary of state -idea that soviets must believe that US is going tow ar over any disagreement that we have with them -John Foster Dulles: most hawkish member of Eisenhower admin; aggressive stance toward soviet Union

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Space Race

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USA vs Soviet Union -about development of military capabilities

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Domino Theory

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that speculated that if one country in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect

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Sputnik

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was the first artificial Earth satellite. The Soviet Union launched it into an elliptical low Earth orbit on 4 October 1957.

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Yuri Gagarin

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First human in space

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Baby boom

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between 1945-1960 -largest generations ever in American history -healthiest generation of kids

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widespread prosperity

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broad based -everyones economic status is improving -people move to suburbs

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Billy graham

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One of the key figures in American religion. Connected to numerous political leaders and presidents Preaches message about the need to be born again; direct Christian message

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Culture of Conformity

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Not a golden age of individualism "Fit the Mold" "All American man or woman" Book called the Lonely Crowd;

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John F Kennedy

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assented in 1961 The Cuban Missile Crisis, the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, the establishment of the Peace Corps, developments in the Space Race, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Trade Expansion Act to lower tariffs, and the Civil Rights Movement all took place during his presidency.

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Bay of Pigs Invasion

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a failed military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the CIA-sponsored paramilitary group Brigade 2506 on 17 April 1961

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Cuban Missile Crisis

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Khrushchev begins installation of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba -Kennedy orders quarantine of Cuba -Khrushchev agrees to remove missiles if: U.S. promises not to invade Cuba; US removes nuclear missiles from Turkey

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French Phase

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Vietnam War _______ Phase -Vietnam had been a French Colony prior to WWII -INvaded by Japan during WWII -the French wanted to re-occupy Vietnam -Ho Chi Minh wanted to establish Vietnam as independent Communist nation

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Ho Chi Minh

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a Vietnamese Communist revolutionary leader who was prime minister (1945-55) and president (1945-69) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam

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Ho Chi Minh, French

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In 1954 Vietnam divided in two: North Vietnam ruled by? South Vietnam ruled by the?

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guerilla warfare

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North Vietnam attempted to conquer South Vietnam through?

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Eisenhower-Kennedy Phase

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Vietnam War ___________-________ Phase -U.S. props up authoritarian and corrupt gov of South Vietnam -First US military advisors arrive in Vietnam in 1960 -By 1963 there were 16,000 American soldiers in Vietnam

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Johnson and the Great Society

answer

Headstart National Endowment for the Arts National Endowment for the Humanities Medicare Medicaid

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Johnson

answer

Vietnam War ________ Phase -Gulf of Tonkin Resolution -First combat troops ordered into Vietnam in 1965 -Example of "limited war" -MIlitary objective: Prevent North vietnamese victory

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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

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Authorized the president to take any action necessary to repel attacks against U.S. forces in Vietnam

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Nixon Phase, Cambodia

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vietnam war ________ phase -Vietnamization -by 1972 American forces in vietnam reduced to 30,000 -1970 invasion of __________ (congress repealed Gulf of Tonkin resolution

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1973 Peace Agreement

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Nixon phase -US troops leave in March 1973 -North Vietnam would return all American POWS

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Johnson and the Great Society

answer

Headstart National Endowment for the Arts National Endowment for the Humanities Medicare Medicaid

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Johnson

answer

Vietnam War ________ Phase

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Johnson and the Great Society

answer

Headstart National Endowment for the Arts National Endowment for the Humanities Medicare Medicaid

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