question

The Industrial Revolution fueled British investments all over the world but especially in ___

answer

the Americas

question

A population explosion in Europe saw France grow, from 1831 to 1851, from 32.5 million people to ___ million people.

answer

35.8

question

In most Western European nations, other than Britain, manufacturing in the 1830s took place in ___

answer

the countryside

question

The process by which workers became a commodity in the labor marketplace is called ___

answer

proletarianization

question

By the late 1830s, many British workers hung their hopes for reform on a platform known as ___

answer

Chartism

question

The most radical political element in the European working class was ___

answer

artisans

question

Early factory owners permitted a man to employ his ___ as assistants.

answer

wife and children

question

The English Factory Act of 1833 forbade the employment of children under the age of ___ years.

answer

9

question

What disadvantage did many women who assisted their husbands in textile factories during the 1820s and 1830s experience?

answer

They often did less skilled work than they had in the family economy.

question

In France by about 1850, the largest group of employed women worked ___

answer

on the land

question

In the domestic system of textile production, hand spinning was performed by ___

answer

women

question

Which of the following is a tradition that survived the shift from a family economy to an industrial era?

answer

most women brought a dowry to their marriage

question

Which European city was the first to have an organized police force?

answer

Paris

question

Criminal activity in Europe steadily escalated before reaching a plateau around ___

answer

1860

question

Who was most concerned about crime and criminals during the nineteenth century?

answer

the elite

question

Which change in conditions describes the prisons that emerged in Europe during the mid-1800s?

answer

individual cells and long periods of separation and silence among prisoners

question

Who was Elizabeth Fry?

answer

a reformer who exposed the horrible conditions in prisons in England

question

In the 1840s, the goal of prisons shifted from ___ to ___.

answer

punishment; rehabilitation

question

What classical economist is associated with utilitarianism?

answer

Jeremy Bentham

question

Who was Karl Marx's collaborator in the writing of The Communist Manifesto?

answer

Friedrich Engels

question

Charles Fourier believed that workers were more productive when they ___

answer

worked on different tasks

question

Robert Owen advocated for ___

answer

more humane industrial environments

question

The revolutions of 1848 began in ___

answer

France

question

The most radical group of female revolutionary women in France in the 1840s called themselves the ___

answer

Vesuvians

question

During the Magyar revolt in Hungary, the Hungarians tried to annex ___

answer

Transylvania

question

The migration from the countryside during the nineteenth century produced a situation in which ___

answer

the physical resources of cities were stretched beyond capacity

question

Improvements in the railway system meant that ___

answer

there was a shortage of consumer goods at affordable prices

question

The French Revolution and the wars of Napoleon influenced the development of the Industrial Revolution by ___

answer

Setting back the French economy and French industrialization

question

Liberal reformers hoped that legal revolutions in land ownership would result in ___

answer

peasants becoming more industrious and progressive farmers

question

In the new labor marketplace, workers __

answer

had no direct say about product quality

question

Proletarianization was closely linked to ___ and ___

answer

industrialization; urbanization

question

In the 1830s, workers became concerned about child laborers because ___

answer

parents no longer exercised authority over their own children in factories

question

The shift from the family working together as a unit of production to family members working separately or individually ___

answer

began the shift to the family as a unit of consumption

question

During the early years of the Industrial Revolution, the wages of most British women who worked in factories were ___

answer

lower than male workers

question

Many factories hired unmarried women and children because ___

answer

they were willing to work for less than men

question

The decade of the 1820s saw an increase in women working in textile factories. Their new jobs required ___

answer

fewer skills than those required in home-based textile work

question

During the nineteenth century, the domestic division of labor into specific gender patterns prevailed among the ___

answer

working, middle, and upper classes

question

The industrial economy led to the development of gender-determined roles because it ___

answer

allowed many families to live on the wages of the male spouse

question

In the late eighteenth century, Britain began transporting criminals to Australia as an alternative to ___

answer

capital punishment

question

Classical economists advocated growth through ___

answer

free enterprise

question

The goal of the German Zollverein was to create ___

answer

better conditions for commerce

question

The repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 was an example of the implementation of ___

answer

classical economic theory

question

A group of writers who helped to define the social question were called ___ by their critics.

answer

utopian socialists

question

What was the name given to the group of activists who rejected industry and government?

answer

anarchists

question

One source of inspiration for The Communist Manifesto was ___

answer

French utopian socialism

question

German conservatives gained power by playing on conflicts between ___

answer

liberals and the working class

question

The revolutions of 1848 and 1849 ___

answer

failed to establish liberal or national states

question

A profound split between the German working class and German liberals was marked by ___

answer

the creation of the Frankfurt Parliament

question

Nationalism was a particularly strong factor in the revolutions of 1848 among the ___ people.

answer

German

question

Which of the following events helped the political liberals in France gain the support of the working class?

answer

the poor harvests of 1846 and 1847

question

Chartism focused on reforms concerning ___

answer

suffrage

question

Which of the following statements about gender roles during the early Industrial Revolution is true?

answer

Married males were associated with supporting the family

question

What do hulks and the Auburn system have in common?

answer

both were penal methods

question

Henri de Saint-Simon was typical of the utopian socialists in ___

answer

engaging in both social and economic experimentation

question

Which of the following best explains why a worker in Great Britain might have rejected Marx's ideas by the last half of the nineteenth century?

answer

Workers had benefited from the existing industrial system.

question

By the mid-nineteenth century, the nation with the most extensive rail network was ___

answer

Britain

question

Workers who held jobs but made little more than subsistence wages were called ___

answer

labor poor

question

The practice of making goods, such as shoes, in standard sizes and styles rather than by special order was known in France as ___

answer

confection

question

The labor movement in the nineteenth century abandoned the ___ system, which had allowed workers to gain control over a number of factors surrounding their employment.

answer

guild

question

The English Factory Act of 1833 made the factory owner responsible for providing ___ hours of education for children age nine to thirteen.

answer

2

question

A major shift in the family and factory structure, characterized by an increase in the size of machinery and factories, began in the mid-___

answer

1820s

question

The wage economy led to higher birthrates, most likely because children were considered a(n) ___

answer

economic asset

question

In the nineteenth century, as a result of the vulnerability caused by the economic transformations taking place, the low wages of female workers sometimes led them to become ___ to supplement their income.

answer

prostitutes

question

Legislation that established the London police force was sponsored by ___

answer

Sir Robert Peel

question

The practice of sending prisoners overseas was called ___

answer

transportation

question

The theory of ___ was based on the principle of the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.

answer

utilitarianism

question

In 1834, most German states formed a trading union called the ___

answer

Zollverein

question

Ships used as prisons were called ___

answer

hulks

question

Saint-Simonianism is a type of ___

answer

utopian socialist

question

The community of ___, Indiana, in the United States was created as an ideal industrial community.

answer

New Harmony

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