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Base your answer on • Location — included lands surrounding the eastern Mediterranean Sea • People — Turks, Arabs, Greeks, Muslims, Christians, and Jews • Nickname during the 19th and early 20th centuries — "Sick Man of Europe" Which empire is described by these characteristics? a. Austria-Hungary b. Mongol c. Roman d. Ottoman

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d. Ottoman

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Which event is considered the immediate cause of World War I? a. signing of the Treaty of Versailles b. invasion of Poland by Germany c. assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand d.use of unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany

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c. assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand

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The Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente contributed to the start of World War I by a. failing to include Germany and France as members b. threatening countries in the Western Hemisphere c. allowing Japanese aggression in Korea d. increasing tensions between European countries

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d. increasing tensions between European countries

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What was a major cause of World War I? a. rebellions in colonial lands in Africa and Asia b. expansion of communism into western Europe c. militarism in the nations of Europe d. inability of the League of Nations to keep the peace

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c. militarism in the nations of Europe

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During the period from 1900 to 1914, European political leaders believed that peace could best be maintained by a. policies of isolation b. international organizations c. systems of alliances d. policies of appeasement

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c. systems of alliances

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The Balkans were referred to as the "Powder Keg of Europe" in the period before World War I because of their a. manufacturing ability b. stockpiles of weapons c. nationalistic rivalries d. economic strength

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c. nationalistic rivalries

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What was a direct result of World War I? a. Nicholas II was named czar of Russia. b. Germany lost its colonies in Africa and Asia. c. Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a terrorist. d. The Ottoman Empire expanded.

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b. Germany lost its colonies in Africa and Asia.

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The success of the women's suffrage movement in 20th-century Europe resulted in part from women a. holding high political offices b. working in factories during World War I c. being encouraged to have large families d. serving in combat positions during World War I

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b. working in factories during World War I

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During World War I, which group of people were victims of genocide? a. Arabs in Egypt b. Palestinians in Syria c. Algerians in France d. Armenians in the Ottoman Empire

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d. Armenians in the Ottoman Empire

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Which statement explains the decline in unemployment rates in Britain between 1914 and 1918? a. World War I generated jobs at home in England and in the military. b. Many new jobs were available in Britain's African colonies. c. Assembly-line production of consumer goods required more workers. d. The British were buying huge amounts of war materials from the United States.

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a. World War I generated jobs at home in England and in the military.

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The technology developed during World War I resulted in a. smaller nations becoming part of larger empires after the war b. a smaller number of refugees during the war c. increased military casualties in battles fought during the war d. a slowdown in transportation improvements after the war

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c. increased military casualties in battles fought during the war

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Which statement best describes the relationship between World War I and the Russian Revolution? a. World War I created conditions within Russia that helped trigger a revolution. b. World War I postponed the Russian Revolution by restoring confidence in the Czar.

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a. World War I created conditions within Russia that helped trigger a revolution.

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In the Middle East, an immediate effect of World War I was the a. unification of Arab countries against the League of Nations b. division of large sections of the area among the Allies c. revival of Islamic fundamentalism in Arab nations d. creation of the state of Israel

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b. division of large sections of the area among the Allies

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Which event brought about the breakup of the Ottoman Empire? a. Sino-Japanese War b. Six-Day War c. World War I d. World War II

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c. World War I

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An incompetent government, massacres on Bloody Sunday, and the high costs of World War I were causes of the a. Mexican Revolution b. Boxer Rebellion c. Sepoy Mutiny d. Russian Revolution

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d. Russian Revolution

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The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 in Russia was caused in part by a. a forced famine in Ukraine b. the failure of Czar Nicholas II to come to Serbia's aid c. a shortage of military supplies and food during World War I d. the establishment of Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP)

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c. a shortage of military supplies and food during World War I

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What is a major belief associated with Marxism? a. The proletariat would rise up and overthrow the bourgeoisie. b. Religion should be more important than political forces. c. Private ownership of property should be expanded. d. Peasants would gain control of overseas markets.

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a. The proletariat would rise up and overthrow the bourgeoisie.

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Which slogan is associated with the Bolshevik (Russian) Revolution? a. "An Eye for an Eye" b. "Peace, Land, and Bread" c. "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" d. "Take up the White Man's Burden"

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b. "Peace, Land, and Bread"

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A key principle of the economic theory of Communism is a. restoration of a bartering system b. organization of workers' unions c. government ownership of property d. privatization of business

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c. government ownership of property

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One of the major causes of the Russian Revolution of 1917 was the a. abuse of political power by Czar Nicholas II b. government's refusal to enter World War I c. rapid expansion of the right to vote d. failure of communism

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a. abuse of political power by Czar Nicholas II

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The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 was a major turning point in history because a. Russia became the first nation with a Communist economic system b. it was the last revolution in the 20th century c. Russia ceased to be an important force in world affairs d. the royal family was exiled to Mexico

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a. Russia became the first nation with a Communist economic system

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A major reason many Russian people supported the Bolsheviks in the November 1917 revolution was that the Bolsheviks called for a. an immediate peace settlement with Germany b. a heavy investment in industry c. the collectivization of agriculture d. the abolition of all religion

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a. an immediate peace settlement with Germany

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The Russian peasants supported the Bolsheviks in the 1917 revolutions mainly because the Bolsheviks promised to a. establish collective farms b. maintain the agricultural price-support system c. bring modern technology to Russian farms d. redistribute the land owned by the nobility

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d. redistribute the land owned by the nobility

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The Russian Revolution and the French Revolution both resulted in a. the establishment of direct democracies b. the restoration of old monarchies c. violent political change d. increases in the power of the Catholic Church

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c. violent political change

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The political reorganization of Russia after the Communist Revolution of 1917 resulted in a. the establishment of a two-party political system b. increased political power for ethnic minorities c. a limited monarchy with the Czar as a figurehead d. a federation of socialist republics

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d. a federation of socialist republics

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One goal of the League of Nations was to a. promote peaceful relations worldwide b. stimulate the economy of Europe c. bring World War I to an end d. encourage a strong alliance system

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a. promote peaceful relations worldwide

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The Treaty of Versailles angered many Germans after World War I because the treaty a. divided Germany into Communist and non-Communist zones b. made Germany restore its emperor c. required all German-speaking Europeans to return to Germany d. forced Germany to pay large war reparations

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d. forced Germany to pay large war reparations

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The Treaty of Versailles contributed to the economic collapse of Germany after World War I by a. mandating economic reforms in Germany b. requiring that Germany pay for war damages c. placing a quota on goods exported from Germany d. devaluing German currency

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b. requiring that Germany pay for war damages

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In 1919, European boundaries were changed in an attempt to a. satisfy the demands for self-determination by ethnic nationalities b. allow for communist expansion in Eastern Europe c. establish a European common market d. balance economic needs and natural resources

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a. satisfy the demands for self-determination by ethnic nationalities

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The major impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany was that the treaty led to a. an era of peace and international good will in Germany b. a stable Germany that was both democratic and strong c. an increase in Germany's desire to regain its power and prestige d. a leadership position for Germany in the League of Nations

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c. an increase in Germany's desire to regain its power and prestige

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Which situation was a major result of World War I (1914 - 1918)? a. The League of Nations was able to maintain peace in Europe for a half-century. b. European nations quickly became self-sufficient and regained economic prosperity. c. The Soviet Union and the United States cooperated economically and militarily. d. The Treaty of Versailles contained provisions that contributed to the political and economic problems of Europe.

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d. The Treaty of Versailles contained provisions that contributed to the political and economic problems of Europe.

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Which idea was included in the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles to show the intent of the Allies to punish the Central Powers for their role in World War I? a. All nations shall maintain open covenants of peace. b. Freedom of the seas will be maintained. c. Germany will accept full responsibility for causing the war. d. Territorial settlements shall be made along clearly recognizable lines of nationality.

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c. Germany will accept full responsibility for causing the war.

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• Congress of Vienna redraws map of Europe. • Triple Entente is formed to combat the Triple Alliance. • Treaty of Versailles calls for the creation of the League of Nations. These events are similar in that each reflects a. the aggressiveness of dictators b. an effort to establish a balance of power c. the rivalry between France, Germany, and Greece d. the concept of mercantilism

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b. an effort to establish a balance of power

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Nickname used by the West to refer to the Ottoman Empire which was in decline before WWI due to corruption and nationalism. European powers were waiting for it to die (fall) so they could colonize its territories.

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Sick Man of Europe

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Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon. They wanted to "turn back the clock" to a time of Absolutism and ensure a balance of power so that no one country could every become as powerful as France had been.

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Congress of Vienna

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Treaty that ended WWI. It forced Germany to accept the blame for WWI and to pay harsh reparations (payments for losses in the war).

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Treaty of Versailles

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A military alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia in the years preceding World War I.

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Triple Entente

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Alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy at the end of the 19th century; part of European alliance system and balance of power prior to World War I

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Triple Alliance.

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distribution of political, military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong

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balance of power

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An alliance during World War I that originally consisted of Germany and Austria-Hungary. Other nations, including Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire, joined later.

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Central Powers

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In World War I, the group of nations - originally consisting of Great Britain, France, and Russia and later joined by the United States, Italy, and others - that opposed to the Central Powers

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Allies

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According to this doctrine, the colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country; an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining natural resources and by selling more goods than they bought (increasing exports) and by conquering new markets to sell factory-made goods to

answer

mercantilism

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the right of merchant ships (especially those of neutral countries) to travel freely in international waters even during wartime

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Freedom of the seas

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After WWI, the Allies (who had won) demanded that the losers (mainly Germany because Austria-Hungary had dissolved) make payments for war damage. These payments created an economic depression and resentment in Germany that led to WWII.

answer

reparations

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A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946 after it failed to prevent WWII.

answer

League of Nations

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A former federation of communist republics that occupied the northern half of Asia and part of eastern Europe; capital, Moscow. Created from the Russian empire in the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution, the Soviet Union was the largest country in the world.

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Soviet Union (USSR)

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the right of people to choose their own form of government; promoted by US President Wilson during the resolution of WWI; colonies should gain independence

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self-determination

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Ended the reign of the Romanov Czars and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. In the first revolution of February 1917, the Czar was deposed and replaced by a Provisional government. In the second revolution, during October, the Provisional government was removed and replaced with a Bolshevik (Communist) government

answer

Revolutions of 1917

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A party of revolutionary Marxists (communists), led by Vladimir Lenin, who seized power in Russia in 1917.

answer

Bolsheviks

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Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production

answer

Proletariat

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the political, economic, and social principles espoused by 19th century economist Karl Marx; he viewed the struggle of workers as a progression of historical forces that would proceed from a class struggle of the proletariat (workers) who were exploited by capitalists/bourgeoisie (business owners), to a socialist "dictatorship of the proletariat," to, finally, a classless society - Communism.

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Marxism

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Karl Marx's term for the capitalist class, comprising the owners of the means of production; In the French Revolution it described the middle class members of the 3rd estate

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Bourgeoisie

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(1868-1918) Czar of Russia (1894-1917). He was overthrown during the Russian Revolution of 1917. Later, he and his family were killed by the revolution's leadership.

answer

Czar Nicholas II

question

The slogan used by Lenin to win the support of the people; _____appealed to the soldiers fighting WWI; _____appealed to the peasants; and _______appealed to the workers.

answer

Peace, Land, and Bread

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A large empire in central Europe. One of the "Central Powers" in WWI; declared war on Serbia.

answer

Austria-Hungary

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heir to the throne of Austria Hungary; assassinated by a Bosnian Serb Gavrilo Princip who was protesting Austria-Hungary's occupation; sparked WWI

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Archduke Francis Ferdinand

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Nickname for the Balkan peninsula where there was a long history of nationalist uprisings and ethnic clashes. Conditions were so tense between the Serbs and Austrians that it would only take a small spark to ignite a war.

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Powder Keg of Europe

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glorification of the military leading to the build up of a strong military; led to WWI

answer

militarism

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a competition between nations to have the most powerful armaments (weapons); Britain and Germany competed to develop the best navies; led to WWI

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arms race

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A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other regions politically, socially, and economically; competition for colonies led to WWI

answer

imperialism

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Right to vote; women won this right after taking over the jobs of men in factories during WWI

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suffrage

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