Abeka 10th Grade History Unit 3 ( chapter 11) Section 4 – Flashcards

was the single most powerful institution in western Europe for 250 years.

in 1059 expanded greatly the power and independence of the papcy by decreeing that henceforth popes would be chosen only by cardinals

were the priests of the churches in Rome and other Italian cities who were the only people who could pick the pope

an ambitious monk who served as an adviser to the popes

reigned 1073-1085 longed for Christendom dominated by the Roman Church and ruled absolutely by the papcy. understood the key to power of the papacy and the Roman Church in this world was the claim that they held the keys to Heaven in 1075 he prohibited the custom of lay investine and claimed the sole right of incestiture for the church

the power of laymen such as emperors and kings to choose bishops and other church officials was band by Gregory the 7th

the papacy attained the zenith of its power and influence under him. reigned from 1198-1216. excommunicated King John of England and told his people that no infants were to be baptized, no masses said, no confessions heard, no dying persons received the last rites, and no dead were properly interred. in 1215 he convened the Fourth Lateran Council in Rome. Instituted the Holy Office of the Inquisition

the belief the the bread and wine are miraculously transformed into the actual body and blood of Christ

a special court with power to inquire about judge and matter of heresy

Lived in France ruled 1285-1314 clashed with the papacy by levying 50% of taxes on the French clergymem's annual income

threatened to excommunicate King Phillip the fair

an official decree by the pope