question

In which subfield of anthropology would a paleoanthropologist work? A. biological anthropology B. linguistic anthropology C. archaeology D. cultural anthropology

answer

biological anthropology

question

Anthropology is the study of __________. A. fossils B. archaeology C. dinosaurs D. humanity

answer

humanity

question

Archaeologists use __________ to construct models of past societies in order to understand them. A. historical analysis B. symbolic systems C. material culture D. linguistic analysis

answer

material culture

question

What is the term for the aspect of cultural anthropology involved with observing and documenting people's way of life? A. ethnography B. ethnology C. fieldwork D. research

answer

ethnography

question

Ethnology is a subfield within __________. A. linguistic anthropology B. archaeology C. biological anthropology D. cultural anthropology

answer

cultural anthropology

question

The __________ is a perspective in anthropology that views culture as an integrated whole, no part of which can be completely understood without considering the whole. A. holistic perspective B. cultural perspective C. global perspective D. comparative perspective

answer

holistic perspective

question

Which of the following is NOT a method of ethnographic "fieldwork" research? A. documentation B. observation C. data collection D. colonization

answer

colonization

question

Which of the following is NOT a subfield of anthropology? A. biological anthropology B. social psychology C. cultural anthropology D. archaeology

answer

social psychology

question

The study of language and communication, and the relationship between language and other aspects of culture and society is called __________. A. historical linguistics B. linguistic anthropology C. global linguistics D. bi-lingual society

answer

linguistic anthropology

question

__________ is the method by which comparative data on cultures and societies is gathered in cultural anthropology. A. Ethnographic research B. Bibliographical research C. Ethnological research D. Historical research

answer

Ethnological research

question

__________ views are objective and based on outsiders' views so that they resemble explanations by observers from another culture.

answer

Etic

question

Gathering data through participant observation might mean using which of the following techniques?

answer

having conversations with people

question

Which statement about cultural relativism is NOT true?

answer

it requires that anthropologists abandon their own ethical standards

question

__________ views are subjective and based on insiders' views so that they resemble as much as possible the explanations that people have for their own culture.

answer

Emic

question

The belief that all rights and wrongs are relative to time, place, and culture, such that no moral judgments of behavior can be made is __________.

answer

ethical relativism

question

The practice of understanding another culture on its own terms and using its own standards is called ________

answer

cultural relativism

question

Which of the following is an example of cultural relativism?

answer

A student tries to understand why female infanticide is widespread in many African countries.

question

The hallmark of anthropological methods since the early twentieth century has been __________.

answer

fieldwork

question

In anthropology, fieldwork means __________.

answer

living and interacting with the group of people under study

question

A person who criticizes the Amish farmer as being "backward" for tilling his fields with horses and a plow instead of using a tractor is displaying _______

answer

ethnocentrism

question

A word, image, or object that stands for cultural beliefs or sentiments

answer

symbol

question

__________ is the spread of ideas, material objects, and cultural practices from one society to another through direct and indirect culture contact

answer

Diffusion

question

Sets of expectations and attitudes that people have about appropriate behavior is/are __________.

answer

norms

question

Behaviors that vary from expected norms in a society are called __________.

answer

deviant

question

The process by which people try to change their culture or overturn the social order and replace it with a new, ideal society and culture.

answer

revolution

question

The condition in a stratified society in which many diverse groups ideally live together equally and harmoniously without losing their cultural identities and diversity is __________.

answer

cultural pluralism

question

Naturalized concepts are one of the main sources for __________.

answer

ethnocentrism

question

A __________ is a type of nonviolent, reactive adaptation in which people try to resurrect their culture heroes and restore their traditional way of life.

answer

revitalization movement

question

__________ is the process of learning one's culture through informal observation and formal instruction.

answer

Enculturation

question

Conquest and colonization are examples of __________.

answer

forced assimilation

question

__________ is the arbitrary association of sounds with meaning.

answer

Symbolism

question

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis states that __________.

answer

the form and content of language influence speakers' behaviors, thought processes, and worldviews

question

According to Whorf, different concepts of __________ were reflected in the differences between the Hopi and English languages.

answer

time

question

A good summary of Sapir and Whorf's conclusion about the relationship between language and thought is __________.

answer

language serves as a set of guideposts for human thought but does not constrain people's ability to think

question

Both gorillas and chimpanzees seem to be able to __________ in a rudimentary way, although they do not seem to do so in the wild.

answer

understand and manipulate symbols

question

According to Edward Sapir, vocabulary reflects __________.

answer

what is culturally important to a people

question

__________ is the feature of language that makes it possible to talk about the past or hypothetical events.

answer

Displacement

question

Recent studies in linguistic anthropology attempt to develop experimental designs focusing on __________.

answer

memory

question

The study of how language use changes according to social context is __________.

answer

sociolinguistics

question

__________ is the ability to join sounds and words in theoretically infinite meaningful combinations.

answer

Productivity

question

You are an anthropologist observing a new society that no one else has explored. You are trying to determine the subsistence pattern of the group. The group is highly mobile and is constantly moving around their geographic area. They do not rely on domesticated animals like cattle. The size of the group remains small, usually not more than 20 people. Sometimes, when resources are plentiful, a number of different smaller groups will come together into a larger group for a few weeks. However, when the resources become scarce again they will disperse into their smaller groups. Based on these observations, what type of subsistence pattern do you think that this group uses?

answer

foraging

question

The __________ is the number of people who can be sustained by the resources and environment in which they live.

answer

carrying capacity

question

Pastoralists have faced difficulties in modern states because __________ is rarely compatible with governmental goals for development.

answer

their need for large expanses of land

question

Although situations vary, studies of foragers show they __________ compared to people in farming or industrial societies.

answer

work less

question

Which of the following is NOT a food producing subsistence strategy?

answer

foraging

question

__________ is the practice among pastoralists of moving to new pastures on a seasonal basis

answer

Transhumance

question

Pastoralism is __________ a self-contained subsistence strategy.

answer

rarely

question

Foragers are usually __________.

answer

mobile

question

Hunter-gatherers are also called __________.

answer

foragers

question

Because of resource variability over time, foraging populations ideally would not exceed __________.

answer

the carrying capacity of the area in a bad year

question

Cultural methods of allocating natural resources, the means of exploiting the resources through technology, the organization of work, and the production, distribution, and exchange of goods and services.

answer

economic system

question

System of extracting resources and utilizing labor and technology in order to obtain foods,

answer

production

question

Which of the following tools would you NOT expect to find in a horticultural society?

answer

irrigation systems

question

The exchange of goods and services of a specified value at a specified time and place is called __________.

answer

balanced reciprocity

question

Which of the following tools would you NOT expect to find frequently in an agricultural society?

answer

digging sticks

question

Distribution of food, especially meat, in forager societies would be defined as __________.

answer

generalized reciprocity

question

Agriculturalists tend to be __________, while horticulturalists may be __________.

answer

sedentary, mobile

question

In contemporary societies, state governments organize networks of redistribution by __________.

answer

collecting taxes

question

In the United States, less than __________ of the population works in agriculture.

answer

3%

question

A __________ is a system in which products are traded in impersonal exchanges between buyers and sellers using an all-purpose currency.

answer

market economy

question

The notion of kinship is essentially __________, not based on universal, objective criteria.

answer

social and symbolic

question

A marriage principle in which people cannot marry members of their own lineage or clan but instead must forge alliances with members of other groups.

answer

exogamy

question

Principle of descent in which people think of themselves as related to both their mother's kin and their father's kin at the same time.

answer

bilateral descent

question

A marriage principle in which people marry members of their own group.

answer

endogamy

question

__________ systems are ones in which kinship group membership and inheritance passes through the male line.

answer

Patrilineal

question

The __________ system uses kin terms making distinctions only of generation and gender.

answer

Hawaiian

question

__________ systems are ones in which kinship group membership and inheritance passes through the female line.

answer

Matrilineal

question

People related by blood are called __________.

answer

consanguines

question

A system of determining who one's relatives are and what one's relationship is to them.

answer

kinship system

question

__________ are people who are related through marriage.

answer

Affines

question

Marriage preference rule in which a widow marries her deceased husband's brother.

answer

levirate

question

Marriage between a widower and his deceased wife's sister.

answer

sororate

question

The usual pattern of post-marital residence in the United States and Europe is __________.

answer

neolocal

question

__________ is marriage between one man and two or more women.

answer

Polygyny

question

Gifts given by the wife's family to the married couple or to the husband's kin before, during, or after the wedding ceremony.

answer

dowry

question

Which of the following is a reason that fraternal polyandry is practiced by some cultures in the Himalayas/Tibet?

answer

Fraternal polyandry prevents family land from being fragmented by inheritance over time.

question

Presents given by the husband's family to the wife's kin before, during, or after the wedding ceremony.

answer

bridewealth

question

__________ residence is when a married couple lives with or near the husband's mother's brother.

answer

Avunculocal

question

Marriage between a woman and two or more men is called __________.

answer

polyandry

question

A period of months or years before or after marriage during which the husband performs labor for his wife's parents.

answer

brideservice

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