world history chapter 5 – Flashcards
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Who was the greatest supporter of militant Catholicism in the second half of the sixteenth century?
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King Philip of Spain
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What military event helped bankrupt Spain and shifted political power to England, France, and the Dutch Republic?
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The defeat of the Spanish armada
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When were the French Wars of Religion carried out?
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1562-1598
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How did Henry of Navarre end the battles between French Catholics and Huguenots?
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Henry of Navarre issued the Edict of Nantes
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What is inflation, and why did it occur?
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The rapid increase of prices- Europe's population grew and there was an increased demand for land and food.
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What factor led to widespread hysteria regarding witchcraft during the seventeenth century?
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The religious zeal that led to the Inquisition and the hunt for heretics ( one who doesn't conform to established doctrine) combined to fuel hysteria regarding witchcraft.
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Where did the Thirty Years' War take place?
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Germany- France fought against the Holy Roman Empire and Spain in order to gain political leadership in Europe.
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What treaty ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648?
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Treaty of Westphalia
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How did religious wars reshape Europe from the mid-sixteenth century through the seventeenth century?
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the conflicts between Protestants and Catholics that challenged the established political order, such as King Philip's militant Catholicism and Henry IV and the French Wars of Religion; population decline and rising social tensions; the Thirty Years' Wa; the Peace of Westphalia that gave Sweden, France, and their allies new territories and divided the Holy Roman Empire into more than 300 independent states.
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The death of Queen Elizabeth 1 in 1603 brought the end of the ___________ dynasty and the beginning of ___________ rule.
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tudor stuart
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In 1628, Parliament passed a ________________ to place limits on the king's authority, but after initially accepting it, King Charles 1 later _____________ it.
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Petition of Right ignored
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During Englands civil war, the parliamentary forces, or _____________________, defeated the Royalists, or _________________.
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Roundheads Cavaliers
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Cromwell eventually dispersed Parliament and set up a military __________________.
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dictatorship
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During the __________________, religion caused tension between Parliament and the kings.
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restoration
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English nobles invited ____________________________ to invade England.
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William of Orange
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Parliament's Bill of ______________ established the foundation for a constitutional monarchy; it helped create a government based on the rule of __________.
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rights law
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The _______________________ theory of kingship was destroyed during the "Glorious Revolution;" as a result, English monarchs rule by the grace of _________________.
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Divine Right Parliament
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In his treatise entitled Leviathan, ______________________ argued that rulers required absolute power to preserve ______________ in society.
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Thomas Hobbs order
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________________ argued that government existed to protect life, liberty, property, and other _____________________.
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John Locke natural rights
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Though Locke was not an advocate of _________________ his ideas can be found in the American Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.
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democracy
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How and why did English government change in the seventeenth century?
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religious tension between Catholics and Protestants and conflicts between rulers and Parliament led England from being ruled by a king to being a constitutional monarchy; the actions of James I and Charles I who tried to rule as divine-right monarchs; the establishment of the commonwealth; Cromwell's military dictatorship; the limited powers of Charles II and James II; the Bill of Rights; William and Mary's rule as constitutional monarchs.
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Louis XIV reign is considered the best example of _________________ in the seventeenth century.
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absolution
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Cardinal ______________, minister to Louis XIII, and Cardinal _________________, minister to Louis XIV, helped to preserve the authority of the monarchy.
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Richelieu Mazarin
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Louis XIV established both a royal court and a state office at _________________, where he lived lavishly.
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Versailles
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To achieve military glory and strengthen his dynasty, the Sun King created a large ________________ and waged four wars, but when he died, France was surrounded by _________________.
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army enemies
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Out of the more than three hundred ___________ states in existence after the Thirty Years' War, Prussia ad Austria emerged as two great European powers.
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German
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________________ built a huge, efficient standing army, and he also set up the General War ________________ to levy taxes, oversee the army, and govern the state.
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Frederick William commissariat
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The ________________ dynasty failed to create an empire in Germany; however it formed the new ______________ Empire.
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Hapsburg Austrian
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The core of the new empire, which did not become a highly centralized state, consisted of lands in present-day Austria, ______________, and the Czech Republic.
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Hungary
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_________________ the Terrible was Russia's first czar. Peter the Great viewed _________________ of the army as an important step in making Russia a great power.
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Ivan modernization
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Peter formed Russia's first navy and introduced _______________ manners, practices, and customs to the people of Russia.
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western
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He divided Russia into ______________ to strengthen the rule of the central government.
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provinces
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In 1703, Peter began construction of ____________________ which became Russia's most important port and was the Russian _____________ until 1918.
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St. Petersburg capital
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What forms did absolute monarchy take in Europe during the seventeenth century?
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The absolute monarchies in France, Prussia, Austria, and Russia; details such as Louis XIV's pursuit of power through war and his control of nationwide policy making; Frederick William's establishment of a large Prussian army and the General War Commissariat; the Hapsburgs' creation of an Austrian empire of independently ruled territories; and Peter the Great's emphasis on westernization, modernization, and a strong Russian military.
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What movement brought an end to the artistic Renaissance?
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Mannerism-style of art that rejected the Renaissance ideals and balance of proportion.
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Why are the paintings of El Greco considered to be the high point of Mannerism?
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He ignored the Renaissance principles of proportion, harmony, and moderation by creating elongated figures, unusual and eerie colors, and emotional tension in his paintings.
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Describe what characterized the baroque style of painting, and identify at least three baroque artists.
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The baroque style of art was known for its use of techniques to heighten emotion, elaborate and BOLD. Some baroque artist are Bernini, Caravaggio, Gentileschi, and Rubens.
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Why did kings want baroque palaces to be magnificent?
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They wanted others to be in awe of their power.
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Identify two baroque composers, and discuss how baroque music was similar to baroque art and architecture.
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Handel and Bach Their music evokes the drama and energy of baroque art and architecture.
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When was Europe's "Golden Age of Literature"?
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"The Golden Age of Literature" occurred between 1580 and 1640.
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Why was theater successful in the Elizabeth Era?
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Variety in content, prices, and venues made Elizabethan theater successful; it reflected the full range of social classes and interests.
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Why is Shakespeare considered a universal genius?
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Shakespeare's writing displayed a masterful command of the English language, a keen insight into human psychology, and a remarkable understanding of people from all ranks of life.
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Who wrote the novel Don Quixote, and what is it about?
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Miguel de Cervantes's novel Don Quixote is about the idealistic knight Don Quixote and his realistic squire Sancho Panza. The novel celebrates the need for both dreams and hard work.
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How did Lope de Vega contribute to the "Golden Age of Literature" in Spain?
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Lope de Vega set the standard for Spanish playwrights by writing perhaps 1,500 witty, charming, action-packed, and realistic plays.
