Unit 8 – Flashcard
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NATO
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What organization was formed in 1949?
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Sputnik
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Did Sputnik or NASA come first?
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A conflict between countries, with no actual fighting
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Cold War
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A barrier of secrecy that kept Soviet-controlled nations apart from the rest of Europe
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Iron curtain
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A nation controlled by another country
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Satellite
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A policy of preventing a country from expanding its power
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Containment
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A person who flees to a foreign country
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Refugee
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When distrust arose between the 2 nations, leading to increased tensions.
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What was the Cold War?
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To promote peace among all nations
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What was the main goal of the United Nations?
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It gave or lent about $13 billion to 17 countries
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In what ways did the Marshall Plan encourage European recovery?
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NATO was an alliance of Western countries, and the Warsaw Pact was an alliance of Eastern countries
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How did NATO and the Warsaw Pact divide Europe?
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A civil war continued to rage on Increasing numbers of people supported Mao, who promised to help the peasants India and Pakistan gained independence in 1947
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What changes occurred in Asia after WWII?
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The Jews moved to Palestine after the Holocaust, and eventually founded Israel
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What changes occurred in the Middle East after WWII?
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One of the most powerful nations in the world
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Superpower
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An area that military forces cannot enter
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Demilitarized zone
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Telling a lie under oath
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Perjury
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Named after Senator Joseph McCarthy, the practice of publicly accusing people of political disloyalty without regard for evidence
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McCarthyism
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Truman, Dewey, Thurmond, and Wallace
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Who were the candidates for President in 1948?
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The Democratic party was split and he was not favored
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Why did pollsters expect President Truman to lose the election of 1948?
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A demilitarized zone (DMZ) was created at the 38th parallel, which is now the border
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How did the Korean War end?
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He didn't want to widen the war and risk involving the Soviets.
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Why did President Truman oppose an attack on China?
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The trial of the Rosenberg, the HUAC, and the rise and fall of Joseph McCarthy
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What events in the early 1950s showed Americans' concern about Communist influence in the United States?
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Won re-election in the presidential election of 1948
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Harry Truman
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Was the reported winner of the 1948 presidential election, but actually lost in a close race
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Thomas Dewey
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The Conservative Democrat nominee for president in 1948
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Strom Thurmond
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The line of latitude that effectively separated North Korea from South Korea
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38th Parallel
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General and leader of American forces in Korea; fired by President Truman
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Douglas MacArthur
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One of the husband ad wife spy team convicted of selling atomic secrets to the Soviets
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Julius Rosenberg
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State Department worker charged with passing top-secret material to Soviet agents
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Alger Hiss
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Republic Senator who accused citizens and prominent Americans of being communist
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Joseph McCarthy
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The competition among countries to be the first in exploring space
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Space race
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A meeting between important leaders of nations
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Summit meeting
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He represented firmness, friendliness, and honesty.
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Why did Americans vote overwhelmingly for Eisenhower?
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NASA, National Defense Education Act, and social welfare programs
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What were some achievements of the Eisenhower administration?
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The desegregation of schools and the boycott against busses after Rosa Park's arrest
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What were two important events for civil rights?
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The desegregation of schools
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What did the Supreme Court rule in 'Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka'?
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A 'race' to see who could develop the most powerful weapons
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What was the arms race?
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The arms race continued, the Soviets captured a U.S. plane spying, and the CIA was sent out to help stop the spread of communism
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In what ways did the Cold War intensify during Eisenhower's administration?
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A community at the edge of a city
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Suburb
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The increase in the birthrate after WWII
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Baby boom
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A difference in tastes and values between young people and their parents
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Generation gap
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Many people moved outside the cities to the suburbs
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How did many Americans change their ways of living in the 1950s?
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They wanted their own homes in order to start families
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Why did many Americans move to the suburbs in the 1950s?
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They admired the lives of the people on TV
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What is one way television influenced Americans?
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He became the first African American player in the MLB in 1947, and was also named Rookie of the Year.
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What contribution did Jackie Robinson make toward equality in the U.S?
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Won the 1952 presidency by a landslide
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
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Governor of Illinois who lost the 1952 presidential election
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Adlai Stevenson
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Elementary student who sparked the 'Brown vs. Board of Education' court case
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Linda Brown
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Represented the Brown family before the Supreme Court
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Thurgood Marshall
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Arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a bus to a white man
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Rosa Parks
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Leader of the Soviet Union during the U-2 spy plane incident
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Nikita Khrushchev
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U.S. pilot shot down over the Soviet Union while photographing military bases
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Gary Powers
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Name of the first planned community; located in New York
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Levittown
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The first African American actor to win the Best Actor award
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Sidney Poitier
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August 1961
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When did the construction of the Berlin Wall begin?
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A person who is forced to live away from his or her home country
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Exile
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Fighting involving surprise raids
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Guerrilla war
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To isolate
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Quarantine
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The voters were seeing the physical appearance of each candidate
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How did televised debates affect the presidential election of 1960?
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It was one of the closest in U.S. history
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How did the 1960 election differ from earlier elections?
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To prevent the escape of people away from communism
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Why did the Soviet Union order the building of the Berlin Wall?
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The Soviet Union had installed nuclear missiles that could destroy much of east U.S. coast
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What discovery set off the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962?
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Remove all Cuban missiles and stop construction, as well as remove Turkish missiles.
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What did Khrushchev and Kennedy agree to do to settle the Cuban Missile Crisis?
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Secretary of State during the Cuban Missile Crisis
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Dean Rusk
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Capital of East Germany; site of the building of the Berlin Wall
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East Berlin
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Site of a failed U.S. invasion which attempted to overthrow Fidel Castro
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Bay of Pigs
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Republican who lost the 1960 presidential election
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Richard Nixon
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Democrat who won the 1960 presidential election
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John F. Kennedy
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President Kennedy's goals and programs for the future of the United States
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New Frontier
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A federal agency that sends trained volunteers to help developing countries
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Peace Corps
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They decided that students could not be forced to pray, everyone has the right to a lawyer, and the idea of one person, one vote.
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How did the Supreme Court expand the rights of individuals?
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It helped other countries, while also improving foreign relations
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What was the effect of the Peace Corps?
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It pushed them to work harder and faster.
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How did competition Whitten Soviet Union affect the U.S. space program?
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To get a man on the moon, then safely return him home.
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What was President Kennedy's goal in funding the space program?
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A protest in which people sit and refuse to leave a place
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Sit-in
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A protest against segregated buses and bus stations
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Freedom Ride
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To open to people of all races
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Integrate
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Peaceful ways to fight for their equality
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What was the goal of sit-ins and Freedom Rides?
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People at home saw how harshly the unarmed protestors were treated and became angry.
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How did television affect civil rights protests in Birmingham and other cities?
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The 100th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation
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What event did the march on Washington celebrate?
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Everyone was shocked and saddened
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How did Kennedy's assassination affect the country?
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That Oswald had acted alone
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What did the Warren Commission determine
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His administration ushered in the "New Frontier"; was assassinated in November 1963
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John F. Kennedy
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A Soviet cosmonaut; first man in space
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Yuri Gagaria
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The first American to be sent into space
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John Glenn
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The Attorney General during the Kennedy Administration; sent federal marshals to protect the Freedom Riders
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Robert Kennedy
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An African American who successfully enrolls at the University of Mississippi
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James Meredith
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Southern minister who helped to lead the protests and desegregation movement
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Martin Luther King Jr.
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Ground zero for many protests and marches in favor of desegregation
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Birmingham, Alabama
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Assumed the presidency after the assassination of Kennedy
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Lyndon B. Johnson
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Determined to be the lone assassin of Kennedy
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Lee Harvey Oswald
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Dallas businessman who killed Oswald
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Jack Ruby
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The chief justice appointed to a commission to determine if Oswald acted alone or with other to assassinate the president
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Earl Warren
