Western Civ Chapter 15 – Flashcards
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The "sleeping giant" of Eastern Europe in the first half of the seventeenth century was Russia. Austria. Poland. Greece. the Ottoman Empire.
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the Ottoman Empire.
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Louis XIV's Edict of Fontainebleau -created new ranks of intendants to govern various regions of France. -revoked the earlier Edict of Nantes, curtailed the rights of French Protestants, and caused thousands of highly skilled Huguenot to flee the country. -established new standards of court etiquette and was intended to diminish the power of great nobles. -removed most French bishops from their sees and replaced them with nobles to strengthen Louis' control of the French Catholic Church. -moved the Estates General from Paris to Fontainebleau.
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revoked the earlier Edict of Nantes, curtailed the rights of French Protestants, and caused thousands of highly skilled Huguenot to flee the country.
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The overall practical political purpose of the court of Versailles was to -serve as Louis XIV's residence from which to survey Paris. -act as a reception hall for state affairs. -give Louis XIV a life of privacy away from spies. -isolate Louis XIV from any contact with the bourgeoisie and other members of the old Third Estate. -exclude the high nobility and royal princes from real power.
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exclude the high nobility and royal princes from real power.
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By the 1630s and 1640s, with the import of silver from the Americas in decline, Europe faced the challenge of widespread economic inflation. True False
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False
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In 1529 and again in 1683, Vienna was seriously threatened by Russia. France. Prussia. Austria. the Ottoman Empire.
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the Ottoman Empire.
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Louis XIV used his palace at Versailles to -dominate the nobility and display his grandeur. -putter around in the garden and enjoy nature. -earn money by centralizing the marketplace. -get away from politics and spend time with his family. -provide a spiritual sanctuary from a troubled world.
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dominate the nobility and display his grandeur.
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After 1648, the Holy Roman Empire -became one of the most powerful and centralized monarchies in Europe under the domination of Spanish grandees. -was not really and empire at all but rather a loose association of 300 German states. -became divided into three great warring states: Prussia, Poland, and Silesia. -continued to acknowledge the temporal power of the pope. -was ruled by the Bourbons.
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was not really and empire at all but rather a loose association of 300 German states.
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Peter the Great's ambition was to make Russia more like Austria. Poland. Prussia. its self of old. western Europe.
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western Europe.
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James I of England alienated most of the members of Parliament by -encouraging an alliance with Spain. -insisting on his right to govern through Divine Right. -persecuting Puritans. -lavishly spending money on the English army. -playing favorites.
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insisting on his right to govern through Divine Right.
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The first female painter admitted to the Guild of St. Luke in Haarlem and who painted scenes of everyday life was Artemisia Gentileschi. Judith Holofernes. Mary L'Orange. Judith Leyster. none of the above
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Judith Leyster.
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The War of Spanish Succession ended when Philip V of Spain -moved to Cuba. -was killed in battle. -united the thrones of France and Spain. -retired to a monastery. -conceded to a permanent split between the French and Spanish thrones.
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conceded to a permanent split between the French and Spanish thrones.
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The French playwright Moliére is noted for all of the following except -Tartuffe. -benefiting from the patronage of Louis XIV. -satirizing French religious and social customs. -perfecting neoclassical tragedy. -producing and acting in a series of comedies.
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perfecting neoclassical tragedy.
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Versailles was built for Louis XIII. True False
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False
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The witch hunts of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries -came out of the social unrest deriving from the shift from individualism to communalism. -were often directed against old single women -were generally directed only at people who denied that they were religious. -were primarily restricted to rural areas. -were minimal in comparison to the late Middle Ages.
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were often directed against old single women
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The Thirty Years' War -eventually involved every country in Europe and Asia. -is considered by most to be the first "modern" war. -is considered by most to be part of the larger Bourbon-Habsburg struggle. -was primarily fought in Spain. -was exclusively caused by religious differences.
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is considered by most to be part of the larger Bourbon-Habsburg struggle.
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Influenced by his experiences in Western Europe, upon his return to Russia, Peter the Great ordered that the serfs be emancipated and freed from their boyar lords. True False
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False
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Baroque art -was a revolt against the ideals of the Italian Renaissance. -attempted to blend the feelings of the religious reformations with classical Renaissance art. -was very similar to the French Impressionists of a later period. -was eclectic, featuring elements of Renaissance, medieval, and Mannerist art. -was a rejection of neo-classicism.
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attempted to blend the feelings of the religious reformations with classical Renaissance art.
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Under Charles II, Parliament passed the Test Act to -control the quality of food and drugs on the market. -improve the quality of university graduates. -help Catholics gain government jobs. -stipulate that only Anglicans could hold military and civil offices. -regulate promotions in the military.
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stipulate that only Anglicans could hold military and civil offices.
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The chief reason for the wars of Louis XIV was -to reduce the power of the Habsburgs. -his desire to insure the dominance of France and his Bourbon dynasty in all Europe. -to destroy the commercial superiority of the Dutch. -to gain ports on the Adriatic Sea. -spread Catholicism throughout all of Europe.
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his desire to insure the dominance of France and his Bourbon dynasty in all Europe.
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Under the liberum veto, an act of the Polish Sejm could be vetoed by -any member of the Sejm. -the Holy Roman Emperor. -the King of Poland. -the Polish Supreme Court. -the King of Russia.
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any member of the Sejm.
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The Austrian monarchy never became a highly centralized, absolutist state, because it included too many different national groups. True False
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True
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Thomas Hobbes -felt that man was suited best to be in a pristine state of nature, without government interference. -stated that mankind was animalistic, and needed a strong government to maintain social order. -was a firm believer in democracy. -said that the best form of government was a theocracy. -argued in favor of revolution when the ruler broke the social contract.
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stated that mankind was animalistic, and needed a strong government to maintain social order.
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Gustavus Adolphus, who led the Lutheran armies in the Thirty Years' War until he was killed at Lützen, was king of Poland. Sweden. Denmark. Hungary. Austria.
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Sweden.
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John Locke was responsible for -synthesizing previous doctrines on international law. -the idea of society as being in a constant state of war. -advocating political democracy for the entire populace. -emphasizing the social contract between the people and government. -disestablishing the Church of England.
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emphasizing the social contract between the people and government.
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Following the Thirty Years' War, what country became dominant in Europe? Sweden England Germany Spain France
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France
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Frederick William the Great Elector built Brandenburg-Prussia into a significant European power by -establishing religious uniformity in his kingdom, as evidenced in his eviction of the Huguenots. -freeing the peasants from the dominion of the nobles. -using his army whenever possible to gain his ends. -making the General War Commissariat the bureaucratic machine of his state. -allying Prussia with England and Russia against France and the Holy Roman Empire.
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making the General War Commissariat the bureaucratic machine of his state.
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Scandinavia in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries witnessed -Denmark expand so as to dominate the Baltic. -Sweden become a second-rate power after the Great Northern War. -Sweden and Denmark join forces to defeat and occupy Poland in 1660. -the economic dominance of Sweden over the rest of northern Europe. -the conquest of Sweden by Norway.
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Sweden and Denmark join forces to defeat and occupy Poland in 1660.
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The witchcraft hysteria primarily targeted women. True False
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False
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Jacques Boussuet's Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture -rejected as ungodly Louis XIV's system of absolute rule. -was the fundamental statement of seventeenth-century divine right monarchy. -stressed that a limited monarchy with representative bodies was the most divine form of human government. -claimed that a king's authority and power were revocable under the law of God. -justified a "holy republic".
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was the fundamental statement of seventeenth-century divine right monarchy.
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Seventeenth-century European population -increased dramatically due to greater food production. -decreased dramatically due to disease and war. -experienced great fluctuations as European nations established colonies. -fluctuated narrowly, constrained by famines and diseases. -a and c
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fluctuated narrowly, constrained by famines and diseases.
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The patriotic enthusiasm and pride of the English during the Elizabeth era is best characterized by the -philosophy of John Locke. -plays of William Shakespeare. -New Model Army. -Glorious Revolution. -King James version of the Bible.
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plays of William Shakespeare.
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The greatest figure of Baroque art was Rembrandt van Rijn. Gian Lorenzo Bernini. El Greco. Nicholas Poussin. David Caspar Friedrich
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Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
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As Louis XIII's chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu was most successful in -evicting the Huguenot presence from France after the La Rochelle rebellion. -expanding the political and social rights of the Huguenots. -creating a reservoir of funds for the treasury. -emerging victorious from the Fronde revolts of the nobility. -strengthening the central role of the monarchy in domestic and foreign policy.
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strengthening the central role of the monarchy in domestic and foreign policy.
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Louis XIV advertised himself as the Sun King. True False
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True
