question

How did Industrialization affect seemingly unrelated fields like social structures, culture, the economy?

answer

-Industrialization solidified the positions of the upper and lower class - factory workers did not earn enough to better their social standings and factory owners became very wealthy. There were some exceptions such as successful entrepreneurs (such as Carnegie) but they were rare. -"Streets were paved with gold" - Immigrants came to America looking for opportunities to better their social status and financial standings -Women and children became important in bringing money for the family and as a labor source. -Steel and oil industries fueled the growth of the American economy.

question

What combination of factors were necessary to begin the Industrial Revolution?

answer

-labor sources from immigrants, women, and children -growth of cities (shifted from rural areas) -initial investments from entrepreneurs -new technology -reliable sources of raw materials (ex. Cotton for textiles, iron for steel) -a need for the product

question

What "fueled" (both literally and metaphorically) the Industrial Revolution?

answer

-competition -labor, raw materials -Same as the last question

question

How did factories change the nature of labor itself?

answer

-shift from agricultural labor to industrial labor -jobs became less diversified (e.g. a laborer would always do the same task in a factory) -more women and children in the workforce -decreased sanitary/ safety conditions, frequent abuse to the workers in the workplace -sometimes unfair practices were enacted (very low wages, long hours) -usually based on a strict time schedule

question

Where did factories start, and where/how did the factory system spread?

answer

Factories were introduced in Britain, specifically factories that specialized in textile and iron production. The factory system spread to other regions of Europe and to America. The concept of factories spread to regions that had raw materials available to them. There was also an increasing need (due to rapid population growths and increasing global trade) for certain products, so factories, places that can produce those products reliably and quickly, were necessary to meet that demand.

question

What was the "2nd Industrial Revolution?"

answer

The second industrial revolution (which occurred during the late 19th century) was based around the many scientific innovations that occurred during the time (Bessemer steel, electricity, internal combustion engine, new chemicals). The rapid increase in demand for these types of products caused the need for new methods of fast production - such as mass production and the assembly line. These changes occurred mostly in the United States and continental Europe.

question

How did the Industrial Revolution affect the role of science in larger society?

answer

Scientific methods became more accepted by factory owners. New ways and techniques to better improve production started to have a scientific framework. Accepting scientific practices slowly trickled down to the lower class. It also caused a dispute between religion and reason.

question

How did the Industrial Revolution influence world trade overall?

answer

It created new markets, demand was met by increased production, the importation of raw materials became more prevalent. New technology such as railroads and steam power lowered transit time (therefore, exportation of perishable food products became possible) Overall, global trade increased.

question

What raw materials were commonly exported to industrialized areas?

answer

Coal, iron, cotton, food (wheat or livestock for butchering purposes), labor, wood

question

As industrial production rose, what type(s) of production declined?

answer

Products that were made by artisans or were handmade (ex. made-by-order furniture, pottery, etc.)

question

What "new" markets did industrialized states look for/create for their exports?

answer

Easily exploitable natives (such as those in imperial colonies) who can monopolized by their products

question

What role did monetary and precious metals play in the Industrial Revolution?

answer

-Iron became an essential material for steel production -Silver, gold, and copper were exported faster due to the introduction of faster transportation (steam power and railroad) -Important raw materials, so there was an increase in exports in these materials -Gold and silver became important in developing economies (to back up paper money), so they were important exports

question

What financial institutions facilitated industrial production?

answer

-Banks loaned money to entrepreneurs -Governments (particularly the U.S) funded industrial developments such as railroads or canals which aided in transportation of raw materials and exports

question

How did the Industrial Revolution affect the scale of businesses and overall economic activity?

answer

-"Trusts" and big businesses became more prevalent -Monopolies overtook the market which made it more difficult for smaller businesses to survive -Businesses grew to a national scale -Money was concentrated with the rich

question

How did industrialists legitimize the economic changes of the Industrial Rev?

answer

-Social Darwinism - the big businesses deserved to survive since they were better equipped in terms of money and other investments than the smaller businesses. This also reflected their views of themselves in relation to the lower class. -"Gospel of Wealth" - God gave the rich the duty to help the poor by providing opportunities but not through charity so the poor would have to work for their own well-beings. -"Self-strengthening"- they believed that their work would develop the nation as a whole

question

What were the important developments in transportation during the Ind. Rev?

answer

-Steam power/ coal - powered ships and trains reliably -Railroads/trains - enabled products/ideas to be quickly transmitted to other regions of the continent

question

How did workers respond to the Ind. Rev., and how did their vision of society compare to industrialists'?

answer

Some accepted their status (ex. believed in Rags to Riches) but most protested against the unfair work practices enacted by big businesses. The protests led to worker unions, the later establishment of anti-trust organizations/constitutional acts.

question

How did governments respond to the tremendous economic changes of the Industrial Revolution?

answer

-In US, presidents/federal government did nothing to stop the overgrowth of big business -In US, the government banned slavery due to shift to industrial economy -In Japan, the government became more involved with business. -Developed more massive armies due to increase of wealth -Competition between industrial nations, which resulted in more conflicts

question

How and why did some governments reform their practices because of the Industrial Revolution?

answer

-As big businesses grew there became a need to mediate between employers and workers. -Initially, the US government favored big businesses in the court. Later, however, the government was somewhat against big business and several anti-monopoly acts were passed (e.g. Sherman Anti-Trust) -The US government had to also deal with protesters (particularly those working under factory conditions). -Some governments, such as China, actively pursued industrial activities to strengthen the state (i.e., self-strengthening) by adopting western technology (which was considered to be shameful in the past). They did not, however, truly became an industrial nation as their "self-strengthening" was a reaction to the recent rise of Western dominance.

question

How did the Industrial Revolution affect social and demographic characteristics?

answer

-In industrial nations, cities were population centers -Initially, mortality rates/instances of illnesses increased to the unsanitary conditions of factories and cities -famines and food shortages were common as food had to be brought into cities -population increased dramatically

question

What are the similarities & differences between colonialism and imperialism?

answer

Similarities: Both involve the acquisition of land, the control of another nation Differences: · Colonialism: This refers to the immigration of people to a new territory who still abide by the laws and customs of the mother country. Colonies tend to be more permanent than imperial satellite nations. · Imperialism: Focused more on monetary goals rather than permanent settlement. Primary workforce comes from natives of that territory rather than immigrants/settlers from the mother country.

question

How did imperialism affect Europe's influence around the world?

answer

* Increases due to the greater presence of European colonies throughout the world * Spread of westernization (the West started to out produce China and Japan) * European culture (language, religion, etc.) spread

question

Which states increased their influence and control over their pre-existing colonies, and which saw their influence decrease?

answer

* Great Britain increased its control over India * Spain lost control of its colonies in Latin America, as their colonies successfully fought for independence * Great Britain also lost control of its American colonies * China increased control over their empire (Manchuria, Taiwan, Vietnam, etc.) * Persia and the ottoman empires control weakened (Balkans, Romania)

question

What methods and tactics did industrialized states use to establish and expand their empires?

answer

* Empires offered incentives to natives (westernization, culture, protection) in exchange for their compliance * They occupied powerful roles in court and office (eg. China in Thailand) * They used military force to stabilize the empire * Indirect rule (eg. In Africa Britain ruled through the natives) * Adopting business imperialism provided a stable source of income (through the acquisition of raw materials/cash crops) which could be used to further government efforts to expand their empires

question

How did imperialism help, hurt, or change various states?

answer

* Overall, African countries/nations were impaired by the intervention of imperialistic European nations oThe African population was largely decimated due to an increase in disease, plague, and violence o Natives were exploited for unfair labor practices (not necessarily slavery) and raw materials were plundered by the Europeans * The court of colonized nations began to resemble that of Europe (for example the court of Sultan of Kedah resembled European practices) oTrial by jury replaced supernatural practices * Countries in South America, the Caribbean, and Latin America became predominately Spanish/Portuguese * Countries in Southeast Asia (ex. Philippines) became predominately Christian/Catholic *American colonies experienced a boom in population growth (due to British rule), which accelerated settlement and industrialization in the region

question

How did anti-imperialism affect the Ottoman Empire's territories?

answer

*Resistance of colonies led to the formation of independent states o Ex. Balkans, Greece, Egypt

question

What were the effects of nationalism on various peoples and regions?

answer

*Nationalism started revolutions to gain independence from mother country o The Jamaica letter was an appeal to England to support Latin America in their fight for independence against Span o Anti-imperialism in the Ottoman Empire also thrived off of nationalism and helped to create new territories * Increased racism against natives

question

How did imperialists justify imperialism?

answer

* Social Darwinism *The belief that they were aiding natives through religious conversion and westernization o Believed it was "god's duty" * Promise of new wealth achieved through greater access to raw materials

question

Capitalism

answer

Think competition. Think America (USA). 1776-was the wealth of nations. Prices are determined by supply and demand. WHAT IS PRODUCED? = Consumers decide what is produced. HOW TO PRODUCE IT? = The owner decides how to produce it. FOR WHOM? = Consumers with money.

question

Adam Smith

answer

The "father" of Capitalism.

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Profit Motive

answer

In Capitalism -- Profit motivates people which leads to them working hard.

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Laissez-faire

answer

Government does not intervene/interfere with business.

question

Communism

answer

Command system. (Ex. North Korea, Cuba, etc) Philosophy = all people are equal. WHAT IS PRODUCED, HOW TO PRODUCE IT AND FOR WHOM? = Government decides for each question.

question

Advantages of Communism

answer

1) No competition and poverty. 2) Government takes care of everything (less stress)

question

Dis-advantages of Communism

answer

1) No motivation 2) No variety of products (no competition).

question

Advantages of Capitalism

answer

1) Variety of products and their quality (competition). 2) Motivation leads employees to work harder.

question

Dis-advantages of Capitalism

answer

1) Gap in wealth/social classes. 2) Poverty. 3) No government involvement.

question

3 Buisness Formations

answer

1) Sole Proprietorship 2) Partnership 3) Corportation

question

Consolidate

answer

To combine

question

Network

answer

a system of connected railroad lines

question

Gauges

answer

widths (railroads)

question

Scarce

answer

When there isn't enough of something. When an amount of something lacks. Examples: Time, money, energy, jobs, etc.

question

Robber Baron

answer

Business person who became wealthy through dishonest methods. They cheated, lied, and wanted to ELIMINATE COMPETITION.

question

Philanthropist

answer

A person who gives away large sums of money to charities.

question

Monopoly

answer

Company that has sole control of an industry. Controls all or nearly all the business of an industry to ELIMINATE COMPETITION. You can increase prices and decrease the quality.

question

"Gilded Age"

answer

A term used to describe a time of both tremendous wealth and poverty in the late 1800s.

question

John D. Rockefeller

answer

The leader of the oil industry. First, he used horizontal intergration then, switched to vertical intergration because it was a better process.

question

Andrew Carnegie

answer

The leader of the steel industry, He used vertical intergration.

question

Vertical Intergration

answer

When someone (ex. a leader) controls all the phases (steps) of production.

question

Horizontal Intergration

answer

When someone (ex. a leader) controls only ONE step (phase) of the process of production.

question

Capitalist

answer

Person who invests in abuisness in order to make a profit. They built factories,hired workers, and run the machines.

question

3 Basic Production Questions

answer

1) What to produce? 2) How to produce? 3) For whom?

question

Corportation

answer

A business owned by investors that sells stock to investors. The money invested to build factories and/or buy new technology. Corporations also borrowed money from banks. ( + ) Investors have a chance to make money without working in the CO and there is limited liability (debt). ( -- ) Slow decision making.

question

Stock

answer

Shares in the business. Gives ownership in a corporation.

question

Investors

answer

stock-holders

question

JP Morgan

answer

An amazing banker who became wealthy by using his banking profits to gain control of major corporations. He ended up at the US Steel Company leader in 1901.

question

Trust

answer

A group of corporations run by a single board of directors.

question

Bessemer Process

answer

A process that enabled steel makers to produce strong steel, but at a low cost.

question

Advantages of Steel Making

answer

1) More jobs. 2) Prosperity

question

Dis-advantages of Steel Making

answer

1) Pollution!

question

Sole Proprietorship

answer

OWNED BY ONE PERSON! ( + )Owner makes all decisions and keeps all the profits. ( -- ) Owner does all the work and has full liability (debt).

question

Partnership

answer

2 or more owners are involved. ( + )They share the work and liability. ( -- )They share decision making and profit.

question

How to create a monopoly.

answer

1) Buy out the competition. 2) Undercut the competion. 3) CHEAT AND LIE.

question

Uses for Steel

answer

1) Skyscrapers 2) Railroads 3) Nails, screws, needles, and other small items.

question

Impact of Monopolies' Workers

answer

1) Long hours 2)Low pay 3) Dangerous

question

How do monopolies hurt the democratic parties?

answer

Politicians need money to run for election --> Monopolists "donate" money to Politicians --> Politicians pass laws that benefit monopolists.

question

Sherman Anti-trust Act

answer

Law that banned the trust and monopoly formation, but wasn't effective because it was weak. The goal was too increase competition, however some people thought too much competition ruined businesses and put people in poverty (out of work/poor). Trusts, monopolies, and anything that interfered with trade was ILLEGAL. ( + ) gov't realized that monopolies hurt consumers, workers, and small business owners. There was an end to laissez-faire capitalism. ( -- ) Vaguely written and was hard to enforce.

question

Patent

answer

Liscenses for new inventions.

question

Matthew Parry

answer

American Commodore who arrived in Japan in 1853 in order to deliver a letter from the president; the US wanted Japan to open its trade ports

question

Treaty of Kanagawa

answer

an unequal treaty signed that allowed US to trade in Japan

question

Meiji Restoration

answer

provincial leaders combined to protect Japan from the same decline they saw in China; led to a civil war that overthrew the Tokugawa Shogunate; the new rulers restored the reign of the Emperor, but he still didn't have real power

question

Oligarchs

answer

actual rulers of Japan

question

cult of the emperor

answer

a propaganda move that glorified the Emperor and he became a symbol of Japanese power, but he still didn't have power

question

Diet

answer

lower house of the legislator that passed laws, approved budgets, and advised the government

question

Industrialization

answer

goal of the oligarchs; they modeled Japanese industrialization after the Europeans

question

Russo-Japanese War

answer

1904-05; Japan was successful; led to the annexation of Korea

question

Charter Oath

answer

Listed the aims of the Meiji Restoration; taken by the oligarchs

question

Canton System

answer

system of trade set up by the Chinese to restrict European trade; Britain was limited to the port at Canton; British were mad

question

Opium Wars

answer

in order to get silver back into Europe, the British began selling opium to the Chinese citizens; the Qing told the British to stop which created wars that the Chinese would lose

question

Bannermen

answer

Manchu hired military; usually were nomadic people

question

Treaty of Nanking

answer

unequal treaty that gave the British ports and a lot of economic control in China; ended the Canton System

question

treaty ports

answer

areas where European powers were able to trade out of in China; they gained them as a result of unequal treaties

question

most-favored nation state status

answer

even though the Chinese were giving a lot to all the European powers, they like Britain the best

question

unequal treaties

answer

series of agreements between Europeans and the Qing that favored the Europeans

question

spheres of influence

answer

ports where the Europeans had control; each port was controlled by a different state

question

Taiping Rebellion

answer

led by Hong xiuquan; used religion to gain followers in a revolt against the Qing (who were Manchu) ; had radical ideals such as abolishing private property, ending foot binding, free public education, and democracy; 20-30 million people died as a result of the rebellion; regional leaders had to end it as the Qing were unable to

question

Self-Strengthening movement

answer

regional scholar-gentry attempted to modernize China in areas such as railways, factories, and arms; showed the Qing had lost control and they refused to allow the reforms

question

Boxer Rebellion

answer

revolt that attempted to get rid of the Qing; Qing encouraged it as they thought it would get rid of Cixi and allowed the Europeans to end it

question

Revolution of 1911

answer

revolution against the Qing that set up a Republic in China

question

Sun Yat-Sen

answer

leader of the Revolution of 1911

question

Empress Dowager Cixi

answer

was resisting the Self-Strengthening Movement despite other Qing family members who wanted to change China; spent money building the marble boat instead of using money to reform or protect Qing power

question

Captain James Cook

answer

Made voyages to Hawaii from 1777-1779 resulting in openings of islands to the West; convinced Kamehamehah to establish a unified kingdon in the islands

question

Lord Charles Cornwallis

answer

Reformer of the East India Company administration of India in the 1790's; reduced power of local British administrators; checked widespread corruption. YES also the same one that surrendered at the battle of Yorktown.

question

Robert Clive

answer

Architect of British victory at Plassey; established foundations of British raj in northern India (18th century)

question

Cetshwayo

answer

Zulu chief in 1879 who refused to dismiss his army and accept British rule, the British invaded the Zulu nation and lost control of their kingdom in the Battle of Ulundi in 1887

question

Battle of Isandhlwana

answer

First major encounter in the Anglo-Zulu War between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom. Despite a vast disadvantage in weapons technology, the numerically superior Zulus ultimately overwhelmed the poorly led and badly deployed British, killing over 1,300 troops, including all those out on the forward firing line. The Zulu army suffered around a thousand killed.The battle was a crushing victory for the Zulus and caused the defeat of the first British invasion of Zululand.

question

Anglo-Zulu War

answer

War between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom. From complex beginnings, the war is notable for several particularly bloody battles, as well as for being a landmark in the timeline of colonialism in the region. The war ended the Zulu nation's independence.(1879)

question

Berlin Conference

answer

Conference that German chancellor Otto von Bismarck called to set rules for the partition of Africa. It led to the creation of the Congo Free State under King Leopold II of Belgium.

question

Sepoys

answer

Troops that served the British East India Company; recruited from various warlike peoples of India.

question

British Raj

answer

The rule over much of South Asia between 1765 and 1947 by the East India company and then by a British Government

question

Battle of Plassey

answer

Took place on June 23, 1757; how Great Britain really gained control in India. Despite their low number of soldiers, the British were able to win the battle against Siraj, the leader of Bengal, and his army. Soldiers fighting for Great Britain(Robert Clive leading) had a few specific qualities that made them successful on the battlefield—a strong army, gun skills, unity of their army (unlike Siraj's army), the Royal Navy, and support from other countries

question

Ram Mohun Roy

answer

"Father of Modern India" modern thinking, tried to move india towards independance and away from traditional ideas like sati.

question

Presidencies

answer

Three districts that made up the bulk of the directly ruled British territories in India; capitals at Madras, Calcutta, and Bombay.

question

Princely States

answer

Domains of Indian princes allied with the British Raj; agents of East India Company were stationed at the rulers courts to ensure compliance; made up over one-third of the British Indian Empire

question

Nabobs

answer

Name given to British representatives of the East India Company who went briefly to India to make fortunes through graft and exploitation.

question

Boxer Rebellion

answer

1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops

question

Settlement Colonies

answer

Areas, such as North America and Australia, that were both conquered by European invaders and settled by large numbers of European migrants who made the colonized areas their permanent home and dispersed and decimated the indigenous inhabitants.

question

White Dominions

answer

Colonies in which European settlers made up the overwhelming majority of the population; small numbers of native inhabitants were typically reduced by disease and wars of conquest; typical of British holdings in North America and Australia with growing independence in the 19th century

question

White Racial Supremacy

answer

Belief in the inherent mental, moral, and cultural superiority of whites; peaked in acceptance in decades before World War I; supported by social science doctrines of social Darwinists such as Herbert Spencer.

question

The White Mans Burden

answer

The idea that the more civilized countries need to take care of the countries that "need" it.Rudyard Kipling: poem addressing the unpopularity of foreign rule and that it was a duty to bring order and serve people

question

Belgian Congo

answer

In 1879 King Leopold II hired H.M. Stanley to make treaties with African chiefs, giving control of the Congo to Leopold. It became his personal playground and was recognized as such in 1884 by the Berlin conference. Was quested for its rubber and ivory. Soldiers of the Belgian army forced the natives to do work and treated them savagely, often cutting off their hands to prove they used ammunition on humans when they were really using the ammunition on wildlife. Twain and author Conan Doyle spoke out. The Belgian Parliament was horrified and took the colony away from the king in 1908 and it became a Belgian colony.

question

Social Darwinism

answer

The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.

question

Cape Town

answer

City at the southern tip of Africa; became the first permanent European settlement in Africa in 1652; built by Dutch immigrants to supply ships sailing to or from the East Indies.

question

Natal

answer

British colony in south Africa; developed after boer trek north from cape colony; major commercial outpost of Durban.

question

Boer Republic

answer

Boer free states established in southern Africa by Afrikans of Dutch descent from the British colonial government in Cape Colony (1850)

question

Transvaal

answer

Region of Southern Africa originally founded by Afrikaners; became a source of interest for the British following the discovery of gold and diamonds => Boer War

question

Cecil Rhodes

answer

Born in 1853, played a major political and economic role in colonial South Africa. He was a financier, statesman, and empire builder with a philosophy of mystical imperialism.; helped colonize the territory now known as Zimbabwe. Founded the De Beers Mining Company

question

Anglo-Boer War

answer

• War between Britain and Boers • 1899-1902 • South Africa • Bloodiest conflict in colonial times. Boers won the first time. British won the second time. Brought about the first concentration camp ever.

question

Imperialism

answer

the ambition of powerful nation to dominate the political, economic, and cultural affairs of another nation

question

Africa before 1880

answer

they were very self sufficient and Europe wasn't able to take over because of rivers, malaria, and Africa's self-sufficient trade system

question

Dr. Livingstone

answer

missionary who went to look for waterfalls in Africa (European); found by Stanley; he had been missing for many years and had been presumed dead, but he wasn't!

question

Stanley

answer

European man who found Dr. Livingstone in Africa; sparked idea for Europeans to explore Africa with guns

question

Leopold II

answer

man who entered the area around the Congo River in Africa; he killed people to get rubber (killed 10 million through laboring them to export rubber; 4 million more than Hitler)

question

Reasons for imperialism

answer

-Resources -New markets -Nationalism of dominate country -Outlets for population -Social/Darwinism/White Man's burden

question

Why Europe able to conquer Africa

answer

Europe developed solutions for their previous problems of conquering Africa (vaccine for malaria, steamboat for rivers, and machine gun)

question

Berlin Conference

answer

conference where all of Europe decided that Africa would be divided up (except Liberia and Ethiopia); Africa wasn't invited

question

Zulu

answer

the African tribe who tried to resist the British, but lost after the Battle of Ulundi

question

Boers

answer

the Dutch settlers who settled on African land and took over; they lost the Boer War over gold to the British

question

Boer War

answer

the lost war of the Boers from the British; they fought over gold; 14,000 died in concentration camps; Africans sided with Boers

question

People wanted to trade their new goods and find resources form other nations.

answer

Why did the Industrial Revolution increase the need for overseas expansion?

question

People wanted more territory and soldiers; also access to army posts and resources.

answer

How did an increased interest in military expansion lead to Imperialism/expansion?

question

People wanted their country to be more powerful; show off your pride and that you are better than everyone else

answer

How did an increased interest in nationalism lead to Imperialism/expansion?

question

People wanted to "help" others by spreading their knowledge; also provide education, Christianity, and roads

answer

How did an increased interest in humanitarianism lead to Imperialism/expansion?

question

White Man's Burden

answer

the poem that it was white people's "duty" to teach the rest of the world because they were better

question

Social Darwinism

answer

the idea of white people being superior to "lesser cultures"

question

Colonies

answer

the type of Imperialism in which there is complete control

question

Protectorates

answer

the type of Imperialism where the local ruler keeps his title, but the real power is in foreign control

question

Spheres of influence

answer

the type of imperialism where an outside power has exclusive privileges (trading, etc.)

question

Indirect Control

answer

type of control where local leaders may be used, there was a limited self-rule, and the goal was to develop future leaders; military was used

question

Direct Control

answer

type of control where foreign officials were brought in to rule

question

Paternalism

answer

the idea where Europeans governed people in a parental way by providing their needs, but not giving them rights

question

Assimilation

answer

the idea where in time populations would adapt French culture; all local schools, courts, and businesses were patterned after French institutes; French abandoned this idea later and turned to direct control

question

Africa had different diseases that couldn't kill Europeans; trade network to be self-sufficient; armed-resistance

answer

Describe how Africa resisted imperialism.

question

Significance of Ethiopia and Liberia

answer

they were the only African nations that were able to resist British control at the Berlin Confrence

question

Positive: new goods, roads, education, transportation

answer

...

question

Negative: war, death, forced policies

answer

Describe the positive and negative effects of colonial rule in Africa

question

Sepoy

answer

native Indian soldiers (used by East India Company/British) to keep peace; police force

question

Jewel of the crown

answer

Britain's name for India

question

UK

answer

nation that used indirect control to take over India's control from the East India Company; led to direct control

question

Sepoy Mutiny

answer

event where Hindu and Muslim Soldiers refused to fight and were jailed because the rumor that cartridges contained beef and pork; they later went to help Northern Indian Rebellion

question

Raj

answer

time period for British control on India under Queen Victoria

question

Viceroy

answer

a governor of India

question

Opium War

answer

war between China and Britain over China trying to block opium from being traded into their country; Britain won by blowing up China's puny ships

question

Extraterritoriality

answer

the idea were foreigners are immune to the laws of the country they are trading in (Britain was immune from China's laws)

question

Taiping Rebellion

answer

the event where Hong Xiuqan rebelled against the Qing dynasty in an effort to set peaceful China; in the end the rebellion failed and 20 million died

question

Sphere of Influence

answer

many European powers and Japan had a strong "foothold" on Chinese trade; this is called a .....

question

Boxer Rebellion

answer

the Chinese peasant rebellion against the foreigner's immunity to Chinese law; rebellion failed, but a strong sense of nationalism emerged in China

question

Matthew Perry

answer

the US commodore who led the opening of Japan

question

opening of Japan

answer

the event where Matthew Perry arrived in Japan to gain exclusive trading rights; led to extraterritoriality for US in Japan; US threatened to blow them up if trade did not start

question

Treaty of Kanagawa

answer

the treaty between the US and the Japanese emperor that said US had exclusive trading rights in Japan; Japanese resented because it gave the US extraterritoriality rights

question

Meiji

answer

the event where the Japanese (Samurai) overthrew Tokagawa Shogun and restored emperor; said they will have a strong country and military

question

Russo-Japanese War

answer

war where the Japanese defeated the Russians epicaly because of advanced goods from trading; 1st time European power loses to European

question

Annexation of Korea

answer

war where Korea was taken over by Japan as a colony in attempt to create a stronger Japan after isolation

question

Factors of production

answer

land, labor, capital (wealth)

question

Jethro Tull

answer

perfected the seed drill

question

tenement

answer

family dwelling in urban core (apartment)

question

James watt

answer

improved the steam engine. made it usable

question

cotton gin

answer

eli whitney, sped up textile productioin

question

robert fulton

answer

steam boat, better transportation

question

Social reform

answer

Chartist movement (male suffrage) demanded basic economic reforms, higher wages and better conditions of work, womens suffrage, reform in parliament

question

Communist Manifest

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The Communist Manifesto reflects an attempt to explain the goals of Communism, as well as the theory underlying this movement. It argues that class struggles, or the exploitation of one class by another, are the motivating force behind all historical developments.

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Socialism

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a political system in which the means of production, distribution and exchange are mostly owned by the state, and used, at least in theory, on behalf of the people (whose 'good' is decided by the legislator) in between communism and capitalism

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corporation

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a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law.

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Adam Smith

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Wealth of nations. One of the first descriptions of economic systems

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Utilitarianism

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a theory that the aim of action should be the largest possible balance of pleasure over pain or the greatest happiness of the greatest number happiness= balance and stability

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Mixed economy

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A mixed economy occurs when both the private sector and the state direct the economy.

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Market economy

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A Market economy is an economy in which decisions regarding investment, production and distribution are based on supply and demand,[1] and prices of goods and services are determined in a free price system.

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proletariat

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term used to describe the class of wage-earners (especially industrial workers) in a capitalist society whose only possession of significant material value is their labour-power

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Woman's suffrage

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womens rights (to vote) Elizabeth Stanton- womens rights leader Luicretia Mott- womens rights leader

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Seneca Falls convention

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A Convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman. Was the first women's rights convention

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Liberia/Ethiopia

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only african nations to emerge as indepentdent in 1914

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Crimean War

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russia catch up ottomans weak and manipulable

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extraterritorialty

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only laws of land of origin apply

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