test prep quiz 2 – Flashcards
40 test answers
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This famous experiment by ____________ involved rearing monkeys with two artificial mothers.
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Harlow
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5-year-old Otto complained to his mom that the pizza was not big enough. Otto's mom cut the pizza into smaller slices, thus making Otto happy as he believed the pizza had become larger. Otto lacks the concept of:
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conservation
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The importance of schemas was most clearly highlighted by:
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Piaget's cognitive development theory.
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More than a dozen national surveys in Europe and the United States indicate that about ________ percent of men are gay and about ________ percent of women are lesbian.
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3; 1 or 2
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Research on the environmental conditions that influence sexual orientation indicates that
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the reported background of homosexuals and heterosexuals are similar
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Men do not experience anything equivalent to ___________; that is, they do not experience a cessation in fertility or a sharp drop in hormones.
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menopause
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The elderly are more susceptible to _____________ than when they were younger.
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cancer
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Interpreting new sensory information within the framework of a past memory illustrates:
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top-down processing
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Information processing is guided by higher-level mental processes such as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations. This process is called:
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top-down processing
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The fact that perceptions involve more than the sum of our sensations best illustrates the importance of:
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top-down processing
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The retina's central focal point is the ______________, which contains only cones, no rods.
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fovea
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The ____________ is the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye.
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blind spot
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According to the _________________, the retina has three types of color receptors. Each of these types is sensitive to one of three colors: red, green, or blue.
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Young and Helmholtz's trichromatic theory
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_____ are retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray, whereas _____ detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations.
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rods; cones
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The adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters is called the:
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pupil
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____________ is the result of the transduction of air pressure waves into neural messages that are interpreted by the brain.
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hearing
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Hermann von Helmholtz's said that we hear different pitches because different sound waves trigger activity at different places along the cochlea's basilar membrane. His theory is called:
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place theory
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The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are the three tiny bones that make up the:
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middle
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After holding a warm drink rather than a cold one, people are more likely to rate someone more warmly, feel closer to them, and behave more generously. This shows that:
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the human brain blends tactile and social judgements
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This coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called the:
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cochlea
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Our tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups is known as:
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grouping
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Julio is working on a series of landscape paintings. He wants to create a realistic depiction of the English countryside. To turn the flat surface of the canvas into a three-dimensional painting, he would use techniques like:
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linear perspective
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Your 8-year-old cat ran away, got into a neighbor's cellar, and was stuck there for two months. Luckily, there was enough food and water in the basement for Minnie to survive. However, it was pitch-black. When your neighbor returned from her two-month vacation, she found Minnie and returned her to you. How will this sensory deprivation affect Minnie's vision?
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Her vision will be unaffected by this sensory deprivation.
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Your 7-month-old niece is just learning to crawl. Your sister has agreed to have her participate in an experiment that incorporates a visual cliff. What is most likely being studied in this experiment?
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depth perception
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Relative size, interposition, relative height, and linear perspective are examples of:
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monocular cues
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You are participating in a local psychology experiment wherein the research assistant asks you to hold two pencils in front of you and touch the tips together. She then asks you to do this with one eye closed. You find this terribly difficult which demonstrates the importance of ______________.
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binocular cues
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Our minds bring order and form to stimuli by following certain rules for grouping. The rule identified by Gestalt psychologists when we fill in gaps to create a complete, whole object is:
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closure
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Sleep spindles occur in:
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NREM 2
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On some nights, Lucy treats her sleep problem with the use of over-the-counter sleep aids. On other nights, she drinks half a bottle of wine. Finally, she sees her doctor who tells her that these self-medicating treatments are a quick fix and only worsen her:
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insomnia
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Parents of newborn babies often complain about being chronically tired, because their infants' crying, feeding, and diaper changes interrupt their sleep nightly. After many nights, they develop what is known as:
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sleep debt
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Drivers detect traffic signals more slowly if they are also conversing on a cell phone. This best illustrates the impact of:
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selective attention
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Shortly after going to bed, some people claim to have been abducted by space aliens. These people commonly recall being floated off their beds. It is most likely that they have incorporated ______________ into their memories.
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hypnagogic sensations
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Chronic sleep deprivation is most likely to contribute to:
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suppression of the immune system
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The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state are called:
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alpha waves
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Every night, after a late dinner, Sasha has a strong cup of coffee before working out at the gym. On her way home, she likes to stop for a double-chocolate frozen yogurt. Finally, she watches the late news and drinks two glasses of red wine, because she has heard that red wine is good for you. Based on this routine, sleep experts might predict that Sasha would be likely to:
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complain of insomnia
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This sleep disorder is characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified. This disorder occurs within two to three hours of falling asleep.
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night terrors
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