AP Human Geography- Chapter 11 – Flashcards
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of transportation: shipping rail freight
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ship- very low cost, slow rail- low cost, moderate speed freight-
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Why are where markets are located and where resources are located important?
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their proximity decides the shipping cost
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Why are metal fabrication plants classified as a bulk gaining industry?
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takes metal parts and combines them into a more complex product (adds bulk)
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What was the most important thing that Japan had to overcome a major industrial power?
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peripherial region distance from markets
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Where did the Soviet government encourage industrialization in Russia?
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...
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What does it mean to be a right to work state?
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workers don't have to be part of a union to work
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Why did the steel industry move westward?
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minimizing transportation cost of raw materials
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What are and where are the maquiladoras?
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factories built by United States in companies in Northern Mexico
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Where are the three main regions where industry is located and where are the next two largest countries?
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Europe North America East Asia Brazil/India
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What does cottage industries mean?
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manufacturing based in homes rather than factories
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Why does Honda locate its assembly plants close to the consumers?
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lower transportation costs
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How can large transnational corporations increase their bargaining power with local governments and labor?
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threaten to relocate
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Of the surviving steel plants located in the US those in the Sourthern Lake Michigan area have increased production because of access to what?
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proximity to market
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How did the UK expand industrial production in the late 20th century?
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attracted to new high-tech industries to service Europe
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What site and situation factors make Central Europe an attractive industrial region?
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labor and market proximity
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How many production jobs were lost in the Northeast from 1950-2009 and how many were gained in the South and West?
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6 million lost and 2 million gained
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What mountain range in the world has the greatest number and variety of minerals?
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Urals
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How are the new international division of labor and outsourcing related?
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outsourcing is part of NIDOL
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What were the two major contributions of the chemical industries to the textile industry?
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dye fabric preserve eaten by them
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What part of Russia is a key industrial area because of its proximity to consumers?
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Moscow
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What is vertical integration?
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company controls all parts of a highly complex process of manufacturing a multi-piece product
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What did the Taft-Hartley Act do?
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outlawed closed shop laws
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What is the main fuel source for producing steam?
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coal
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What is the primary asset of the mid-Rhine region in Europe?
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iron ore
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Where and why will a copper concentration mill be located?
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near the natural resources bulk reducing weigh less going out than coming in
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What step in copper productions is not bulk reducing?
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refining
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What are all the benefits of "just in time" delivery?
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less space taken up by inventory less expenive use only what is needed
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The most important transportation improvement of the 18th century was what?
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railroads
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Where are minimills most likely to be located?
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local markets
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The share of the world's steel production declined in what area from 1980-2009?
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United States
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What European country has seen the most industrial growth since the late 20th century?
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Northeastern Spain
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Where and why have new US automobile assembly plants been located?
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interior US near consumers Auto Alley
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Where are the top 2 industrial regions in the US?
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Northeast and Southern California
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Beeer bottling is an example of what type of industry?
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bulk-gaining
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What are the primary assets of the western great lakes region?
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transportation motor vehicles
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What is the history of the locations and shifting locations of the steel industry in the United States?
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Pittsburgh around Lake Erie-Ohio Lake Michigan East and West coasts
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Identify Western European Principal Industrial Areas.
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Rhine-Rurh River Valley and mid-Rhine
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Where and why are women blouses most likely being made?
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MDCs near consumers because most consumers are in MDCs
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What is the most important site factor and how has it influenced industrial locations?
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labor
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Where are Canada's most important industrial areas & why?
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near the Great Lakes proximity to US
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How does the relocation of industry in Europe differ from that in the US?
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the US government did not encourage movement European government did
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Where will aluminum manufacturers most likely to be located?
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near dams with hydroelectric power
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Define break of bulk; Explain it's importance as a situation factor.
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switch transportation makes transportation possible sea ports air ports
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What factors take precedence when choosing when to make automobiles?
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situation factors close to consumers
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Of site, situation, and location factors which is most important to an industry seeking to keep transportation cost low?
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situation
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Prior to the Industrial Revolution was industry clustered or dispersed?
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clustered
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Why has the US Gulf Coast become a key industrial area?
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access to oil and natural gas
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The average wage in MDCs as compared to LDCs.
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$20 plus in MDCs $5 plus in LDCs 4:1
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Where are European convergence regions found?
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East and South Europe
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What does open shop and closed shop mean?
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in an open shop place workers do not have to be part of a union to work in a closed shop place workers have to be part of a union to work
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What was James Watt's invention?
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steam engine
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What is the Silicon Valley known for?
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computer manufacturing
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$1 per hour, $15 per hour, and $30 per hour; These are the average production worker wages found in what regions?
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LDCs/China United States/North America Europe
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What is the difference in fordist and post-fordist production models?
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fordist is mass production post fordist is lean productino
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Why do we still see industries in the Northeastern US and Northwest Europe?
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high-skilled labor textiles computer manufacturing
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Did Eastern North America become the leader in manufacturing?
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best infrastructure and largest markets
