Ap Euro #2 – Flashcards

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1) What was the first European nation since the time of Marco Polo to have had first direct contact with China?
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Portugal
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2) Which empire was described as "an old, crazy, first-rate man of war," but because of incompetent leadership would not survive?
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Qing Dynasty/ China
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3) Which was the only European nation that was not shut out of Japan for trading? And, what was the only port at which they were allowed to trade?
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The dutch because they had not allowed missionary activities to interfere with their trade interests; the port was Nagasaki
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4) The most valuable product from the West Indies was what?
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sugar
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5) What was the major difference between the English and French colonies in North America?
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the english colonies were much more populated allowing them to have more men and money than the french colonies
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6) What was one of the major economic problems in Europe in the 16th century?
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Inflation
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7)The name of the banking firm that went bankrupt at the end of the 16th century when the Habsburgs defaulted on their loans?
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the house of fugger
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8) The greatest commercial and banking center in Europe by the early 17th century was what?
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The Amsterdam exchange/ Amsterdam
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9) Describe all ideas that make up the economic concept of mercantilism
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The wells of one nation came at expense of another nation, needed a large supply of gold/ Silver, balance of trade in between export over and import, to encourage export protect industries and grant trading monopolies, have an investment new industry through subsidies, import foreign artisans, a.d improve transportation systems so roads/ canals/ bridges. Most important the use of colonies as places to sell items to get raw materials from.
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10) List specific results of the European expansion and exploration.
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European imports/ the value of goods increased, the loss of native American population/ societies, new food and animals we're spread to both Europe and America, spread of Christianity, inflation affecting Europe, European lifestyle was change with new goods introduced,deepened European reveries
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11) By the end of the 17th century what forms of trade in Europe was greater than international trade?
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Intra-European trade, the train between European powers
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12) Which nation (s), or continents, were least affected by European power and influence?
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The mainland Southeast Asia (Thailand, Bruma, and Vietnam)
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13) A multiracial society first appeared in what region?
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Central and South America
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14) What was one reason that Christianity failed to take root in China?
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It was undetermined by squabbling among the religious orders themselves and when the Chinese were allowed to practice their ancestor worship and Christianity the pop condemned the practice
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15) The most famous map projection in history was what?
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Mercator map projector
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16) What happened to the population of Europe in the 17th century?
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They experienced a decline in population from war, famine and plague
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17)Who were mostly accused of being witches in the 16th and 17th centuries?
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Old woman because to survive they would sell herbs, potions, and secret healing remedies it was easy to accuse them
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18) The meaning of absolutism?
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soverign Power or ultimate authority in the state rested in the hands of a sole king claimed to rule by Divine right
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19) Who wrote Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture? What is the theme of the book?
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jacques bossuet; basically god established Kings to their power so they can reign overall people, Authority of the King is absolute
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20) What war is considered to have been a part of the larger Bourbon-Habsburg struggle?
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The 30 years war
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21) All parts of the Peace of Westphalia?
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Insured all German states we're free to determine their own religion; Francine parts of western Germany, parts of Alsace, and three cities of metz, toul, and verdun. This gay friends control of Franco-German border, Austrian Hapsburg saw their authority as rulers of Germany decline, 300 states of all the Roman Empire were recognize as independent, Habsburgs emperor was a figurehead and Holy Roman Empire, and finally that religion and politics were separated now
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22) What country became dominant in Europe after the Thirty Years' War?
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France
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23) Describe the changes to armies during the "military revolution" that occurred between 1550 and 1650.
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Increase use of firearms, cannons, let's need or calvary, having lighter artillery allowed for easier movement during battle, all of this record more training so routers moved away from using undisciplined mercenary forces
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24) The consequences to Germany from the Thirty Years' War?
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They had ruined economy, a decline in the German population and many areas were destroyed
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25) What was Cardinal Richelieu most successful in doing?
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Strengthening the power of the monarchy
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26) The series of noble revolts known as the Fronde resulted in what in France?
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That the French people had the best hope for stability in France lays in the crown
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27) What was Louis XIV's first step in transforming the French state into an absolute monarchy?
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Creating the grand and Majestic Quarter Versaille and telling the secretaries/ ministers of the states they answer him first before doing any signing of papers
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28) Who was Colbert? His economic policies were based on what economic theory? What did this theory stress?
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Jean-Baptist Colbert was the controller of the general finances in France, his economic policies are based on mercantilism, and this theory focused on the importance of the state and by one nation succeeding another was being put down
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29) Which treaty ended the War of the Spanish Succession? In what year? Which country benefited most from the treaty?
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The peace of Utrecht and 1713 and of Rastatt in 1714, England and benefited the most
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30) What was the practical political purpose of the court of Versailles?
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Her size was a home to the high nobility and prince, those powerful figures who had aspiring to hold the policy-making a role of royal ministers. By having them make up the daily life of the court they were excluded from real power and share in the mystique of power as companions of the King
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31) What were three consequences of Louis XIV's Edict of Fontainebleau?
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And lead to conflict with the French huguenots, it harm the French economy, and the states to receive the huguenots benefited helping them to form a coalition against France
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32) What happened to Spain under the rule of Philip IV?
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Spain Lost its title as a world power and had so many internal problems like revolts/ economic problems
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33) After 1648, what was the status of the "Holy Roman Empire?"
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Made up of 300 virtually independence States and from this too other states what emerge; Bradenburg and prussia
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34) In Brandenburg-Prussia, what bureaucratic agency became Frederick William's means of controlling the state?
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Commissariat governed the state by many of the officials being members of the Prussian landed aristocracy, the junkers, who also served as officers in the all important or me that Frederick built
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35) Which empire did Austria lose? Which did it gain?
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Lost the German Empire Gained hungary, Transylvania, galicia, moravia, and slesia
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36) Which country exerted the most influence on Italy in the 18th century?
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Austria
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37) What characterized Russian society in the 17th century?
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The society was very stratified and was very dominated by the upper classes leading to the revolts of the lower classes then the schism of the Russian church and finally the westernized conducted by Peter great
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38) Who was the most significant Romanov ruler in the 18th century?
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Peter the Great
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39) What was the greatest characteristic of the reign of Peter the Great?
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Trying to modernize/ westernize Russia to be more like Europe
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40) In Scandinavia, in the 17th and 18th centuries, what country became a second-rate power after the Great Northern War?
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Sweden
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41) What 17th century Polish political institution by its own choice made the state weak and with no authority?
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Accepting the Liberum Vito in 1652
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42) What were consequences of the so-called "Golden Age" of the Dutch Republic to the monarchy, the United Provinces, and the States General?
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The fact they had to fight more wars with other powers Like France/ England, they had serious economic decline, and they had challenges to their commercial supremacy
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43) What did James II do that alienated most of the members of Parliament?
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Using his religious policy of having the choice of either favoring the angelican church or the puritan church so he went to the angelican and by doing this it alienated the puritans that made up a big part of the House of Commons/ other important positions
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44) What did the Petition of Right do?
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Prohibited taxation without parliaments consent, arbitrary imprisonment, the quartering of soldiers in private houses, and the declaration of martial law in peacetime, but Charles II said no to this because limited Power of Royals
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45) What did the Levellers demand during the commonwealth era in England?
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Freedom of speech, religious toleration, the Democratic republic, voting to start for all male House holders over 21, annual parliaments, Rights of woman, and governments to care for the poor
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46) What devout Catholic English monarch instigated a constitutional crisis in 1687-1688?
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James I
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47) What revolution was considered a "bloodless revolution?"
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Glorious Revolution
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48) What incident prompted the nobles to depose James II?
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The fact that he issued a new declaration of indulgence and they feared there would be more Catholic influence
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49) What French playwright satirized French religious and social customs, and benefited from the patronage of Louis XIV? What play did he write that ridiculed religious hypocrisy?
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Jean- baptiste moliere; Tratuffe
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50) What painter was known for being the great Protestant painter of the 17th century?
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Rembrandt van rijn
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51) What form/style of art was popular just before Baroque art became most popular style?
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Mannerism
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52) What form of art attempted to blend the feelings of the reformation with Renaissance art?
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Baroque
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53) Who was the most famous painter in the school of art called Mannerism?
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El Greco
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54) Define the differing views of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke concerning the role of government in our lives, and the two major works they wrote.
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Thomas hobbes- (Leviathan) he was in support of absolutism and that if the people rebelled against the ruler that processed the ultimate Power that they should be put down because people needed someone to tell them how to live or they will be animals. John Locke- (two treatise of government) he believed in social contract that the government was there to help the people and if the government messed with the national Rights of people they had a right to rebel
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55) What English document laid the foundation for a future constitutional monarchy?
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The Bill of Rights
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56) What did Peter the Great abolish in 1721? Why?
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The gained control of the Russian orthodox Church Peter abolished the position of patriarch and created a body calleed Holy synod the favored
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57) What was Peter the Great's "window on the West?"
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St. Petersburg
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58) Which Swedish king worked to establish an absolute monarchy?
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Charles XI
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59) Which Ottoman ruler began in the early 16th century a new invasion of Europe?
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sultan solemn the magnificent
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60) Who won the battle of Lepanto? What was the result of this battle?
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The Spanish won over the ottomans; the Ottomans still had control over the southern Shores along the Mediterranean
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61) What was the capital of the Ottoman Empire?
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constantinopole
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62) Who were the Janissaries?
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Christian boys had been taken from their parents, converted to the Muslim faith, and subjected to rigid military discipline to form and Eliote Core of troops personally loyal to the sultan
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63) In 1700, government for most people meant what?
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Local institutions that affected their lives; local courts, local tax collectors, and local organizers of Armed Forces
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64)What was the primary motive for exploration during the Renaissance?
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Finding new areas of trade and meadows and material gain
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65) Which book did Columbus have a copy of as he began to envision his voyage across the Atlantic?
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Marco Polo's book called travels
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66) In what countries was a religious crusade a strong motive for exploration?
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Portugal and Spain
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67) What area did Prince Henry the Navigator first explore?
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portugal
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68) Who did Portugal defeat, and where, to become the early leader in European expansion?
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Defeating a combined fleet of Turks/ Indians of coast of India leaving the Portuguese to be the first to start expansion
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69) When Vasco da Gama reached India, what two things did he announce he had come to find?
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Christians and spices
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70) In the 1440s what was among the first source of profits the Portuguese earned in their maritime exploration?
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A cargo of black Africans that they sold into slavery in Europe
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71) Who was the major critic of the Spanish treatment of the Native Americans?
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Bartholome de las casas
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72) What did the encomienda make the Native Americans to the Spanish?
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Native Americans where used as laborers this spanish
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73) The capital of the Aztec empire?
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tenochitilan
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74) The major European disease that cause high mortality rates among the native of the New World was what?
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Smallpox
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75) John Cabot explored for whom?
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England for King Henry VII
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76) The Mesoamerica civilization which existed at the time of European exploration was which group?
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The Aztec empire
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77) Who brought about the Treaty of Tordesillas? What did it do?
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Spanish and Portuguese, it divided up the land and the Americas between the Portuguese and Spanish
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78) The first known circumnavigation of the earth was by whom? What is the irony of this man?
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Ferdinand Magellan; he died during the journey but it's still given the title because his man made it back to Europe
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79) Who was Amerigo Vespucci?
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Accompanied serveral voyages and wrote a series of letters describing the geography of the New World and by publishing these letters the new world became known as the America
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80) What is the Colombian Exchange?
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The global transfer of, food, plans, and animals during the colonization of America
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81) What was the Middle Passage?
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Voyage dub Brotz captured Africans to the west Indies and later to north and south americas, considered middle leg of the trans-Atlantic trade triangle
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82) The local British population in India's Ft. William was imprisoned in what?
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black hole of calcutta (underground prison)
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83) Who was the British East India Company official who fought off the French threat in India?
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sir robert clive
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84) Why did the mainland states of Southeast Asia have greater success in resisting European encroachment than did the Spice Islands and the Malay state?
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They had stronger monarchies and we're able to unite and drive the Europeans out of their countries
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85) What was Portugal's greatest barrier to being able to dominate trade in Southeast Asia?
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They did not have the population to be able to send a lot of people to the dominate the trade and with other European powers
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86) Who was the first religious group in Europe to criticize slavery and the slave trade?
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Quakers
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87) What increased the number of wars in Africa? Why?
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Slave trade because tribes needed to protect themselves so they would invade other tribes to take people and trade them for gun weapons and then this caused an increase in raiding
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88) What has been called the Golden Age of the Dutch Republic? Why?
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The 17th century was called the Golden age because the united provinces held center stage as one of the European great powers
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89) In what year did the Netherlands become a country? What treaty created it?
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1648 with the peace of Westphalia
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90) Before the beginning of the 17th century, what city had been the financial and commercial center of Europe? What city replaced it?
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Antwerp and Amsterdam replaced it
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91) Beginning in 1640, upon what did the Long Parliament begin to place "severe limitations?"
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On royal authority because of the actions of kings like James I and Charles I
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92) Between the 16th and 19th centuries, the number of African slaves shipped to the New World is estimated at how many?
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10 million
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93) What was the New Model Army?
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During the English Civil War Parliament created the new model Army, which was composed primarily of more extreme Puritans known as independent and believe they were fighting for the Lord
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94) Who sculpted the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa? What was he trying to convey?
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Gian Lorenzo Bernini and he wanted to convey visually Teresa own description of the mystical experience when Angel supposedly pierce her heart repeatedly with a golden arrow
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95) Who was the most famous playwright of Elizabethan literature?
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William Shakespeare
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