MWH S2 – Flashcard
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What is the forcible overthrow of a government?
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Coup Detat
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In 1989 where did Chinese troops open fire on protestors?
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Tiananmen Square
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Set global goals for trade to go smoothly
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World trade organization
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Russia, US, Canada and Japan made what?
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The international space station
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What is the dependence of countries on each other for goods?
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Interdependence
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First freely elected president of the Phillipines
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Ferdinand Marcos
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Who is the ethnic majority in Urwanda
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Hutus
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Belief that society should be governed by Islamic law
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Islamic fundamentalist
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Took over Indonesia in 1967
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Suhart
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Middle East and Venezuala set this up to protect oil
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Petrolium exporting countries
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Catholic nun who helped people in India
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Mother Theresa
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Manufacturing locally to replace imports
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Import substitution
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Balances peoples needs for today while preserving for future generations
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Sustainability
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People forced to move because of poverty
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Refugees
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Palastinian Liberation Organization leader
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Yaasir Arfaat
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What is the gap between the government spends and income
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Deficit
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Who was the woman who won free elections in 1990, but was put under house arrest in Nyanmar
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Aungsun suukyi
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What is a non-religious government called
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Secular
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Who was the first women prime minister of India
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Indira Ghandi
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Why was British India split into India and Pakistan
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India is Hindu and Pakistan is Muslim
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Who led the struggle aggainst Apparthaid even while in prison
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Nelson Mandella
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Many catholic clergy called for social justice and an end to poverty
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Liberation theology
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Use of new technology in mid 1900's to improve crop production
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The green revolution
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What is the grassland scattered with trees in Africa called
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Savannah
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What is the practice of sending work to save money
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Outsourcing
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China tried to slow the population by showing this policy
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1 Child Policy
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Many poor nations go to the cities
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Urbanization
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What is the process by which national economies, politics, society, become integrated
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Globalization
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What problems faced the Ottoman Empire in the 1800's?
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Nationalists revolts, European pressure, efforts to westernize
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How did Ethiopia successfully resist European imperialism?
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Menelik II modernized and Westernized his country and army and was able to defeat Western troops.
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Explain the impact of British colonial rule on India?
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British rule led to improved transportation, communication, medical care, farming methods, order, justice, and education, but also exploitation, destruction of local industry, deforestation, and famine.
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How did westerners gain trading rights in China during the 1800?
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Through opium trading and through military force.
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Why were imperialist nations drawn to Southeast Asia and the pacific?
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They sought raw materials, christian converts, and new markets for goods.
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How did the colonized peoples of Southeast Asia react to Western attempts to dominate the region?
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Siam tried to modernize and avoid colonization. Others tried to resist.
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Describe settlement in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
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French and English colonists settled in Canada, where Native Americans also lived. The first Australian Settlers were Aborigines; the European settlers there were British convicts. The first settlers in New Zealand were the Maori;later British missionaries and settlers came.
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How did these colonies gain independence?
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British North America Act of 1867 made Canada self-governing; Australian colonies formed a commonwealth in 1901; New Zealand won independence in 1907 What factors caused instability in Latin America after independence?
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What factors caused instability in Latin America after independence?
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The legacy of colonial rule, including social and political hierarchy with land and powers held by elites; regionalism; ruled by caudillos; political instability.
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How did the United States influence Latin America?
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Through the Monroe Doctrine, Roosevelt Corollary, and Dollar Diplomacy, the US intervened in economic and political life.
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How did political and economic imperialism influence nations around the world?
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Caused the creation of both weak local economies closely tied to industrial nations that rules them and economies based on producing raw materials and natural resources; introduced some technology and infrastructure; delayed self-government, slowed development of local political institutions.
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How did the alliance system that developed in the early 1900's help cause WWI?
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Many of the great powers were drawn into the war because of their alliances. Germany gave Austria-Hungary a "blank check" of support. Russia mobilized troops in order to support its ally, Serbia. France supported Russia because of its alliance. Britain declared war on Germany when Germany violated Belgian neutrality.
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Describe trench warfare.
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Troops dug miles of trench networks to protect themselves from fierce enemy fire. Occasionally, one side would attack the other. Many people were killed or wounded for very small gains
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How did technology affect the way war was fought?
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Modern weapons were often very deadly; submarines enabled the German navy to hurt british shipping; zeppelins, airplanes, and tanks were signs of warfare to come.
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What nation joined the Allied war effort in 1917?
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The United States; Russia; Russia's collapse allowed Germany to concentrate on the Western Front. The entry of the United States reinforced allied positions on the Western Fronts.
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How did the treaty of Versailles punish Germany?
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It made Germany take blame for the war, ordered it to pay heavy reparations, limited the size of its military, stripped land from its borders, and took away its overseas colonies.
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How did WWI contribute to the collapse of the Russian Monarchy?
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Millions of Russian soldiers died; the tsar, away at the front, neglected domestic affairs; popular discontent spread after battlefield defeats; and domestic shortages grew.
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How did the Bolsheviks take power in Russia?
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The Bolsheviks took power through an armed overthrow of the provisional government in November 1917.
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What caused WWI and the Russian Revolution, and what effects did they have on world events?
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WWI broke out because of rising international tensions and the European alliance system. It changed the nature of warfare and the map of Europe, and contributed to the downfall of tsarist Russia. Germany took on a burden of guilt and debt. The league of Nations was born. Radical Bolsheviks changes turned Russia into the Soviet Union and transformed the international landscape.
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What caused the Mexican Revolution?
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Unequal distribution of wealth and power, middle class agitation for democracy, upper class resentment of foreign control of business.
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How did African nationalism grow in the early 1900's?
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Pan-Africanism and the negritude movement bolstered in African culture.
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What changes took place in the Middle East?
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Turkey and Persia modernized, while Palestine and other territories protested the mandate system.
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Describe the phases of civil war in China.
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First Phase: Guomingdang and communists fought against warlords; second phase: Guomingdang and communists fought each other for control of China.
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Describe how ultranationalism in Japan sought to solve Japan's economic problems during the great depression?
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By expanding Japan's empire and getting access to more natural resources.
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How did nationalism and the desire for change shape world events in the early 1900's
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Nationalism led many countries to resist foreign control or, in the case of Japan, try to expand its own influence.
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Describe the search for peace in the 1920's and its result.
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The Locarno Treaties settled Germany's disputed borders and became the symbol of a new era of peace. In the Kellogg-Briand Pact almost all nations agreed not to use war as a method of national policy. The League of Nations sought to get nations to commit to the end of war. With no way of enforcing a ban on war, all these efforts failed to halt aggression.
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What is Fascism?
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Fascism is an ideology that glorifies the state over the individual and demands blind loyalty to a national leader. It rejects the concepts of democracy and human rights.
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How did Mussolini's fascist regime rule Italy?
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The Fascists brought the Italian economy under state rule, glorified the state, and indoctrinated the Italian youth with nationalist ideas.
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Summarize conditions in the Soviet Union under Stalin.
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The government imposed control over industry and agriculture and also over people's lives. Secret police used violent methods to enforce compliance. Many political prisoners were sent ti forced labor camps.
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How did Hitler establish a totalitarian state in Germany?
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After being elected chancellor in 1933, Hitler imposed a system of repression and glorification of the state.
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What economic challenges did the Western world face in the 1920's and 1930's and how did various countries react to these challenges?
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Challenges: the aftermath of WWI and suffering brought on by the Great depression; reaction: some countries worked within their democratic structure to solve problems, others turned to strong leaders and totalitarian governments
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Define appeasement and Anschluss. How was Hitler's Anschluss an example of British and French appeasement?
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Anschluss: the union of Germany and Austria; appeasement: giving in to the demands of an aggressor to keep the peace; the British and French did nothing when Hitler took Austria.
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Define Blitzkrieg. What were the advantages of this war tactic?
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"Lightning War"; speed, firepower allow the attacker to overrun defenders.
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Where did the D-Day invasion take place? What was its significance?
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Normandy, in northern France; D-Day signaled the beginning of the liberation of France.
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Summarize the steps the Axis powers took to achieve world power prior to WWII.
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Japan overran MAnchuria and Eastern China; Italy conquered Ethiopia; Germany rearmed and seized Austria and Czechoslovakia; Germany, Italy, and Japan signed an agreement of cooperation; and Germany and the Soviet Union signed a pact.
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How did the people of Britain fend off a German invasion.
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Through the fighting of the RAF and because the British people remained determined to resist.
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How did Germany and Japan rule the people they conquered? How did this contribute to their hold on power?
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They treated them brutally; these tactics were meant to suppress all the opposition, although conquered peoples fought against the occupying powers.
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How did government control of economic production help defeat Germany and Japan?
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By allowing fighting countries to greatly increase their ability to produce needed weapons and supplies.
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Summarize how the allies defeated Germany.
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Advanced in the Soviet Union, North Africa then Italy, and France, carried out extensive bombing.
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What strategy did the Allies use to defeat Japan?
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Island hopping, supplemented by bombing of the japanese islands.
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What conflicts emerged between the former Allies after the end of WWII?
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Disagreements over the state of Germany and Eastern Europe.
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How did aggressive world powers emerge, and what did it take to defeat them during WWII?
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They arose in several countries due to the effects of WWI and the great depression. It took an all-out war, with dedicated national resources and the loss of millions of lives, to defeat them.
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How did the Cold war develop in the Soviet Union, Europe, and the United States?
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The Soviet Union pursued communist ideas while the United states and Western Europe followed democratic principles. The Cold War developed as each built up ts military to protect and advance its own ideology.
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What were the main features of the nuclear arms race?
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A balance of terror based on mutually assured destruction coupled with a series of disarmament talks.
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How did the political and economic life change during the Cold War years in the United States?
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The civil rights and women's movement expanded democracy, while the country enjoyed economic prosperity.
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What was the relationship between economic growth and trade in Western Europe and Japan?
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As trade increased, the economies of these nations prospered.
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How did the Korean War influence US relations with Communist China? How did those relations change as a result of hostility between China and the Soviet Union?
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The Us strongly opposed Communist China for its support of North Korea in the the Korean War and saw it as a threat to Asia. After China's split with the Soviet Union, however, the US saw China as a useful partner in opposing Soviet power.
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Why did the United States enter the Vietnam War?
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It believed that communism in Vietnam would spread through the region.
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How did Gorbachev's reforms lead to the break up of the Soviet union?
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They loosened the government's hold on the economy and fueled unrest.
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What events marked the end of the Cold War?
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The Soviet republics gained independence, and Eastern European nations moved toward democracy; in Germany the Berlin Wall was removed and the nation reunited.
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How did the Cold War develop, how did it shape political and economic life in individual nations, and how did it end?
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The Cold War developed a s a result of a power struggle between the US and the Soviet Union. It led to a fear in the US and economic stagnation and political repression in communist countries. It ended when these factors became unbearable for citizens and leaders in communist countries.
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How did African nations win their independence? How did this differ among nations?
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Most African nations won their independence during the 1950's and the 1960's, either through political pressure or armed battle.
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What obstacles slowed progress toward democracy for some African nations?
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Resistance from European colonial settlers, ethnic strife resulting from European- drawn national boundaries that ignored ethnic divisions, and single-party political systems and dictatorships.
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How has Islamist movement affected politics in the Middle East?
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Islamists have condemned Western influences in the Middle East and called for governments based on fundamentalist Islamic principles
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How did former European colonies gain independence, and what challenges did they face after independence?
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Former colonies gained independence either through principle pressure or armed resistance. They faded challenges of forming democratic governments, resolving ethnic and religious conflicts and deciding how much to modernize.
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How did Yugoslavia's breakup lead to ethnic conflicts?
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Serbs had dominated Yugoslavia. When Yugoslavia broke up, Serbs fought to retain dominance in regions where they were the minority. This led to widespread sthnic conflict.
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How did South Africa overcome apartheid?
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International pressure and internal resistance to apartheid led white and black leaders to work out a peaceful transition to majority rule.
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What factors contributed to Africa's deadly ethnic conflicts?
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Historic resentments between ethnic groups, unjust governments, and regional rivalries.
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Explain the basic causes of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
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Both Israeli Jews and Palestinian Arabs claim the same land as their own. They have fought over the right to control that land, particularly the city of Jerusalem, which is sacred to both.
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Why did the removal of Saddam Hussein's regime fail to bring peace to Iraq?
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Ethnic and religious divisions and insurgent attacks led to conflict.
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Why have deadly conflicts plagued some regions of the world?
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Conflicts have plagued some regions of the world when one ethnic or religious group has denied the rights of others or tried to dominate them, or when a nation has appeared to pose a threat to neighboring nations.
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Compare and contrast the global North with the global South.
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Global North: wealthy industrialized nations; Global South: poor, developing nations.
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How successful were new African nations that tried to develop by creating command economies?
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Most were unable to meet the needs of the citizens or to strengthen their economies.
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Who is Wangari Maathai and what was her role in sustainable development efforts in Africa?
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She is an activist and Green Belt Movement.
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After Mao's death, what reforms did China's government make and what reforms did they block?
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They allowed private property, some features of free markets, and other economic reforms but would not extend political freedoms or democratic rights.
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What role did the military play in the governments of Latin America?
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When there was a political unrest or an economic crisis, the military often took over the government and established authoritarian rule.
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Describe the democratic progress that was made in Mexico in 2000.
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Vicente Fox's election victory ended one-party rule.
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What challenges have nations of the developing world faced and what steps have they taken to meet those challenges?
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Poverty, population growth, famine, disease, urbanization, crushing debt, lack of industry, weak economies, civil unrest, repression, and environmental damage; steps to meet challenges: establishing free markets and inviting foreign investment; improving education and healthcare; using technology to improve farming; and democratic reforms.
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Describe the status of Russia and the United States after the end of the Cold War?
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Since Russia no longer controlled Eastern Europe or the other former soviet republics, the US became the world's sole superpower.
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How has economic power in Asia shifted over the past couple decades?
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Japan's economy has slowed down. While China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and South korea have had strong economic growth.
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What are the main characteristics of economic interdependence?
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Economic interdependence is the dependence of countries on one another resources, knowledge, and labor. It increased with improvements in transportation and communications and the rise of free trade.
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Summarize the benefits and costs of globalization.
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Globalization has exposed people to new ideas and technologies. However it may allow rich nations to exploit poorer nations, and it could lead to increased economic imbalances.
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Describe some of the environmental challenges of the 21st Century.
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Pollution, nuclear accidents, growing deserts, shrinking forests, and global warming.
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Why are nuclear weapons a particular problem in Russia?
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Russia has lacked the money or the ability to dismantle or secure nuclear materials properly.
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What is al Qaeda, and why is it such a threat?
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Al Qaeda is an Islamic fundamentalist group that has initiated repeated terrorist attacks against the US and its interest abroad. They were responsible for the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center.
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Summarize the impact of science and technology on modern life.
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Space exploration has led to new knowledge and advances in communications technology. Computers link people to each other and to information, speeding up many business processes.
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What are the major issues facing the world?
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Major issues include the changing balance of economic and political power; globalization; global poverty, disease, and natural disaster; human rights; environmental issues; the world's stockpile of WMDs; terrorism; and the wise use of technology.
