question

The goal of rehabilitation is oriented slowly toward the ____ and does not imply any consistent relationship between the severity of the punishment and the gravity if the crime

answer

Offender

question

According to clear, cole, and reisig,___ is the most visible penalty imposed by the criminal justice system

answer

Imprisonment

question

Experts usually cite ___ as reasons wrongful convictions occur

answer

All of these

question

Probationary sentences emphasize guidance and ___ in the community

answer

Supervision

question

The most notable used sentencing guidelines used throughout the United States is the

answer

Minnesota sentencing guidelines

question

___ assets that a person who has infringed the rights if others deserves to be penalized or punished.

answer

Retribution

question

According to the concept of ___ offenders are returned to society once they are cured.

answer

Rehabilitation

question

Punishments less sever than prison, but more restrictive than traditional probation are

answer

Intermediate sanctions

question

Restorative justice sees crime as a violation against which of the following

answer

Victim and community

question

Ideas of the enlightenment fostered the thinking that crime is caused by

answer

Forces in the environment

question

During the 19th century American society became increasingly

answer

Heterogeneous

question

According to the author, in a retributive justice model those who commit a particular crime should be punished

answer

Alike

question

During the progressive reform era, 2 main strategies were implemented. They included improving conditions in social environments and

answer

rehabilitating individual offenders

question

In the booker decision, the justices said that sentencing guidelines are

answer

Discretionary

question

In the convict lease system, prisoners are

answer

Used for labor by private interests

question

The medical model of corrections was beginning to be taken seriously through implementation in the

answer

1930s

question

Wergild developed as

answer

A system of compensation

question

The ___ was born out of concern for the sinfulness of sloth

answer

Workhouse

question

Corrections has a ___ relationship with it's environment

answer

Reciprocal

question

The belief that a punishment inflicted on an offender must achieve enough good to outweigh the pain inflicted is called

answer

Utilitarianism

question

For the purpose if deterrence, which principles did beccaria believe were most important

answer

Both swiftness and certainty

question

The following is an example of corporal punishment

answer

Whipping

question

The practice of removing offenders from the community to another land was known as

answer

Transportation

question

Legal sanctions, in the form we are familiar with today emerged in the

answer

1200/

question

By the 1900s punishments were carried out under the supervision of

answer

Correctional staff

question

Lex talionis embodies which of the following principles

answer

All of these

question

___ was a leader of reform in England and the developer of a utilitarian approach to crime and punishment

answer

Jeremy Bentham

question

The dominant social institution during the Middle Ages in England and Europe was

answer

The church

question

Benefit of clergy was extended to

answer

All literate persons

question

During the age of reason, advances in scientific thinking led to a questioning attitude that emphasized which of the following

answer

All of these

question

The law of the civil society as distinguished from church law is known as

answer

Secular law

question

The term wergild focuses one which of the following

answer

Money paid to relatives or victims of a crime

question

The leading of convicts to private entrepreneurs took hold in the

answer

South

question

The penitentiary was to be a place where

answer

All of these

question

An institution intended to isolate prisoners from society and each tiger so that they could reflect in their pat misdeeds repent and undergo reformation is the

answer

Penitentiary

question

Which concept holds that human behavior is governed but the individuals calculation of the benefits versus the cost of ones acts

answer

Utilitarianism

question

Punishment of criminals that is intended to be an example to the public and to discourage the commission of offenses by others is known as

answer

General deterrence

question

According to community based corrections the goal of the criminal justice system is to

answer

Reintegrate the offender

question

With the ride of the medical model the emphasis in corrections shifted to

answer

The treatment and diagnosis of criminals

question

Depriving an offender of the ability to commit crimes against society usually by detention is prison is

answer

Incapacitation

question

The purpose of punishment as a public spectacle was

answer

Both crime control and exhibition of the sovereigns power

question

Approximately ___ of all people under correctional supervisor are living the the community on probation or parole

answer

2/3

question

___ is a method of applying scientific knowledge to practical purposes in a particular field

answer

Technology

question

As systems grow and mature they become

answer

More complex

question

Counting jails and prisons approximately how many citizens adore incarcerated

answer

2.3 million

question

Systems learn grown and improve according to what

answer

Feedback

question

Which system of government divided power between federal and state governments

answer

Federalism

question

Probation and parole officers state that their original decision to become involved In this particular career field is based on their desire to

answer

Help people

question

Corrections can be seen as a serious of

answer

Both process and agencies

question

One result of funding squabbles is that organizational turf is

answer

Disputed

question

The ___ was an institution for young offenders that emphasized training a mark system of classification indeterminate sentences and parole

answer

Reformatory

question

Divergence in the lengths and types of sentences imposed for the same crime or crimes of comparable seriousness when no reasonable justification can be discerned is

answer

Sentencing disparity

question

The concept of good time is proved to inmates in certain correctional facilities based on

answer

Vocational programs

question

Clear, cole, and reisig, divide some of the controversies issues and themes that arise in the study of corrections into 2 main areas

answer

Managing the correctional organizations and working with offenders

question

Organizations develop ___ do keep operating with inmates having regular and predictable responses the the staff

answer

All of these

question

Within 40 years of being built, penitentiaries had become

answer

All of these

question

The country that have the world it's 1st penitentiary is

answer

The United States

question

In New England the puritans maintained a society governed by what type of principles

answer

Religious

question

Between 1790 and 1830 the population in urban America had

answer

Sharply increased

question

The ___ was a penitentiary system developed in Pennsylvania in which each inmate was held in isolation from other inmates

answer

Separate confinement systems

question

What is the central purpose of punishment

answer

To carry out the criminal sentence e

question

Corrections ideally serves what goal

answer

Both protection and punishment

question

When all forms of correctional supervision are taken into account, what percent of all adults in the us are under come form Of correctional control

answer

More than 3 percent

question

The effectiveness of correctional strategies is

answer

Uncertain

question

The concept of selective incapacitation rests on the idea that

answer

The crime rate with remain relatively stable if serious felons are incarcerated for long periods

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