17 history – Flashcards
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Yalta conference
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U.S. Britain and SU agreed to divide Germany in two zones of occupation controlled by Germany into zones of occupation controlled by Allied forces Stalin join the war against Japan promised Eastern Europe would have free elections
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United Nations
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50 countries formed United Nations international organization was intended to protect members against aggression based in New York
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General assembly
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Each UN member nation could vote on range of issues
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Security Council
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Five permanent members Britain China France US and Soviet Union each could veto any security council action real power to investigate and settle disputes
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Which US and Soviet union aims Europe conflicted
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US encourage democracy gain access to raw materials and markets do you feel industry rebuild Europe government to promote stability and create new markets and US goods we are not Germany to stabilize it and increase Europe security SU: encourage communism rebuild the war ravaged economy using Eastern Europe industrial equipment and raw material control Eastern Europe to protect SU Borders and balance US in Florence keep Germany separated
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How did USSR attempt to protect itself from Western Europe
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Secured government communist in Albania Bulgaria hungry check Romania Poland Yugoslavia
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Potsdam conference
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Truman stone and Churchhill Truman press Dalen to permit free elections in Eastern Europe Stalin refuse
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Iron Curtain
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Term used by Winston Churchhill to represent the division between a mostly democratic Western Europe and a communist Eastern Europe
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Containment
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Name of the policy that came to prevent the spread of communism by blocking Soviet influence
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Truman doctrine
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Support for anti-communism countries
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Marshall plan
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Economic aid package designed to give European nations the aid needed to rebuild after World War II
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Berlin airlift
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France Britain and US Woodroof forces from Germany and allow zone to form one nation Berlin divided into four zones Soviet union cut off highway water and rail traffic into Weston Berlin US and British then you supplies Soviet Union admitted defeat and lifted blockade
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Cold War
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Struggle between political differences carried on by means sure a military action a war
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NATO
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European nations joined with US and Canada to form a defensive military alliance NATO
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Warsaw Pact
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Soviet union eastern Germany Czechoslovakia Poland Hungary Romania Bulgaria and Albania
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Brinkmanship
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Willingness to go to the edge of war
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Sputnik
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Soviets using ICBM to push for Samantha light above Earth's atmosphere US government poured money into science education US launchd own satellite
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U2 incident
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CIA started secret high altitudes spy flights over SU in you two planes SU shot down a US plane and it's Pilate Francis Gary Powers captured high and Cold War tensions
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Mao Zedong
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Leader of the Communist Party in China
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Jiang Jieshi
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Leader of the Nationalist party in China
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U.S. Involvement in civil war
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Set nationalist at least $2 billion
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How did civil war and
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Mao gain control of country People's Republic of China
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Taiwan
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Nationalist China
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What were two China's
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Taiwan nationalist and mainland. People's Republic of China
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How did US react
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US helped Jiang set up Nationalist Government on Taiwan Republic of China US tried to hold Soviet expansion in Asia
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Where did peoples Republic expand
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To beat Indiana and southern her inner Mongolia
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Describe mao's socialist programs for farming
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seized holdings of landlords divided land among peasants later government force peasants to join collective farms each farm comprised of 200 to 300 households
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For business and industry
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Private countries renationalize now launched five-year plan that set high production goals for industry Costa Mesa steel and electricity went up
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Great leap forward
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1958 to expand success of first five-year plan
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Communes
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Large collective farms which were spread over 15,000 acres and supported over 25,000 people
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Success
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Poor planning and inefficient backyard crop failures caused a famine that killed 20 million people
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Red guards
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Millions of high school and college students left school to speak mao's message
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Cultural Revolution
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A pricing with the goal of establishing a society of peasants and workers in with all are equal
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38th parallel
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Line that crosses Korea at 38° North latitude Japanese troops surrendered to Soviet forces south of the line Japanese surrendered to American troops
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Why did Truman intervene
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Convinced that North Korea repeating Hitler Mussolini and the Japanese had done the 1930s resolved to help South Korea resist communism
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Douglas MacArthur
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Original commander of the United Nations forces in the Korean War
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Why did China help the North Koreans
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Felt threatened by troops from North Korea almost at Yalu River and an American fleet off the coast
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July 1953
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UN forces in North Korea signed a cease-fire border between two tree isnear 38th parallel
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Describe North and South Korea
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North Communists collective farms heavy industry in Delta military develop nuclear weapons under Kim Jong to but had serious economic problems South prosper developed industry and expanding the foreign trade democratic constitution's free elections
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Ho Chi Minh
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Leader of communist North Vietnam
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Domino theory
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President Eisenhowerasian Nations like dominoes fall of want to communism would lead to fall of its neighbors
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17th parallel
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Vietnam divided at 17° North latitude north is communist sauce does anti-Communist
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ngo dinh diem
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Leader of the democratic government in South Vietnam
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Vietcong
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Call meanest gorillas who fought against the leader of South Vietnam
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Lyndon Johnson
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Told Congress to let him send troops to Vietnam
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Why didUS join war in Vietnam
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North Vietnam patrol boats had attacked twoUS destroyers in golf of Tonkin
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What difficulties did US military face
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US soldiers fighting guerrilla war and unfamiliar jungle terrain South Vietnamese government was becoming unpopular
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Richard Nixon
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Began with drying US troops from Vietnam in 1969
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Vietminization
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Nixon's plan allowed for US troops to gradually pull out well South Vietnamese increase their combat role
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Cambodia
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Under siege by communist rebels suffered a US bombing
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Kmer rouge
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call me as rebels to set up a brutal communist government and Cambodia
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Reeducation camps
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Training in communist thought
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US Vietnam relations today
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Normalized
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First world
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Industrialize capitalist nations including US and its allies
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Second world
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Communist nations led by the Soviet Union
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Third World
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Developing nations often newly independent not aligned with either superpower
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How do US USSR try to influencethird World countries
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Back door is a revolution liberation or counterrevolution CIA and KGB engaged in various Covar activities ranging from spying and assassination attempts your escape military aid school set up programs to combat poverty that volunteer workers to developing countries Soviet offered military and technical assistance
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Nonaligned nations
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Asia and Africa meant to form third force of independent countries
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Fidel Castro
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Young lawyer who letter revolution in Cuba became a harsh dictator and socialize the economy
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Bay of Pigs
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CIA began to trade anti-Castro Cuban exiles invade Cuba you estimate provided your support Castro easily defeated them
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Cuban missile crisis
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SU belt 42 missile sites in Cuba America spyplane discovered the sites JFK demanded their removal and Putney will blockade of Cuba to prevent Soviets of installing more
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Anastasio somoza
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Dictator in Nicaragua who supported by the US until the sun was overthrown by a communist leader
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Daniel Ortega
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Communist leader of the sardinistas in Nicaragua
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Contras
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US supported Nicaraguan anti-Communist forces allied contras or contrarevolucionarios
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What affected oil have in Iran
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Field growing cost between traditional Islamic views and modern Western materialism Iran's later was western Iranian nationalist resented foreign aid
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ayatollahs
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Iran's conservative Muslim leaders
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Ruholla Khomeini
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Conservative Muslim leader who let an opposition moving against the shah of Iran
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Why did Soviets invade Afghanistan
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Soviet influence strong Muslim revolt threatened to topple afghanistans communist regime
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what was U.S. response
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Stock to US green shipments to SU and order you do US boycotts of 1980 Moscow Olympics
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Nkito Khrushchev
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Dominant Soviet leader denounced on for jailing and killing Soviet union citizens
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Destalinization
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Purge the country of Stalins memory
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Leonid Brezhnev
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Enforce laws to limit basic human rights government censors control publishing clampdown on protesters
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Why did USSR invade Czechoslovakia
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Alexander dubček loosen controls and censorship USSR had a right to prevent satellites from rejecting communism
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How do you assess our Chinese relations declined
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Chinese screw confident presented Moscow's shadow began to spread own brand of communism in Africa and Asia krushchev punish Chinese by refusing to share nuclear secret Soviets ended technical economic aid
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JFK
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Diane ministration of JFK Cuban missile crisis made superpower use of nuclear weapons a real possibility
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Lyndon Johnson
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Assume presidency after JFK escalated US involvement in Vietnam war
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Détente
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Policy of lessening Cold War tensions
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Richard M Nixon
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Détente
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Salt
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Strategic arms limitation Nixon US brashness SU science out treaty limit the number of intercontinental ballistic and sub launch missiles
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Helsinki records
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32 nations with US and Soviet Union signed commitment to détente and. Cooperation
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Ronald Reagan
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Anti-Communist US president continue to move away from détente increased defense spending 20 economic and military pressure on SU
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Strategic defense initiative
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Program to protect against enemy missiles
