question

What was the significance of Frances Perkins's role in the Roosevelt administration?

answer

She was the first female Cabinet member.

question

Many people felt that the United States had become a welfare state under the New Deal because of policies to benefit which group?

answer

Disadvantaged citizens

question

What was the purpose of the Twenty-second Amendment?

answer

Set a term limit of two terms on the Presidency.

question

What did President Roosevelt introduce to help retirees?

answer

Social Security Act

question

What were the goals of the New Deal?

answer

Provide relief, recovery, and reform

question

What did the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insure?

answer

Bank deposits up to $5,000

question

What was the purpose of the Tennessee Valley Authority?

answer

The TVA built a series of dams in the Tennessee River valley to control floods and to generate electric power. The agency also replanted forests, built fertilizer plants, created jobs, and attracted industry with the promise of cheap power.

question

Why did the Bonus Army march on Washington, D.C.?

answer

In 1932, the bonus army, created by World War I veterans looking for an early payment of bonuses promised them after the war, argued that out-of-work vets needed money to support themselves.

question

What did Japan hope would result from its attack on Pearl Harbor?

answer

America would no longer be able to stop Japanese expansion.

question

Which of the following describes Germany's peaceful union with Austria?

answer

Anschluss

question

How did France and Britain respond to fascist aggression during the 1930s?

answer

They pursued a policy of appeasement.

question

The League of Nations did not prevent German and Italian aggression against other nations because it _____.

answer

had no standing army and nor real power to enforce its decrees.

question

According to the Neutrality Act of 1939, what was required of nations at war in order to buy arms and other supplies from the United States?

answer

Paid cash and transported the materials themselves.

question

Which statement represents the viewpoint of the interventionists?

answer

Axis aggressions were wrong and threatened American interests

question

What nation that had signed a nonaggression pact with Germany eventually joined the Allies?

answer

The Soviet Union

question

Which political party rose to power in Italy during the 1930s?

answer

Benito Mussolini's Fascist party

question

What effect did the D-Day invasion have on World War II?

answer

Forced the Germans to fight the war on two fronts.

question

Why did the Germans attack the Allies at the Battle of the Bulge?

answer

a last desperate attempt to divide the American and British forces.

question

What was the name of the African American squadron that had a key role in the bombing of Germany?

answer

Tuskegee Airmen

question

What was the goal of America's campaign against the Japanese in the Pacific?

answer

an island-hopping strategy that involved capturing some Japanese-held islands and ignoring others in a steady path toward Japan

question

How did Hitler intend to cut the sea lines between the United States and Europe?

answer

Use of German U-boats (Submarines)

question

What was a result at the Battle of Midway?

answer

It stopped the Japanese advance. Japan would never again threaten Hawaii or Pacific domination. Japan was now on the defensive end of the war.

question

Which battle on the Eastern Front ended Hitler's plans for dominating Europe?

answer

Stalingrad

question

Which two nations emerged as the strongest following World War II?

answer

Soviet Union and United States

question

What happened at the Nuremberg Trials?

answer

a series of court proceedings held in Nuremberg, Germany, after World War II, in which Nazi leaders were tried for aggression, violations of the rules of war, and crimes against humanity.

question

After World War II, how did Americans view the role of the United States?

answer

A new American identity arose from the ashes of World War II, one formed as the opposite of the Nazi ideal: democratic, tolerant, and peaceful. After World War II, many Americans came to recognize that what happened in the far reaches of the globe affected them at home. Americans saw that the economic and political health of the United States was tied to world peace and economic development.

question

What was Hitler's "final solution"?

answer

The systematic extermination of all Jews living in the regions controlled by the Third Reich (Germany).

question

What was the initial response of the United States to the German campaign against European Jews?

answer

The United States did not allow European Jews, who escaped Germany, into the country because of the Great Depression and the scarcity of jobs.

question

What is meant by the term "satellite state"?

answer

A country that is formally independent in the world, but under heavy political, economic and military influence or control from another country.

question

The wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union unraveled into a worldwide rivalry that lasted 46 years. What was the term used for this rivalry?

answer

The Cold War

question

What was the purpose of the Berlin airlift?

answer

To bring food and supplies to West Berlin which the Soviets had blockaded.

question

What did Stalin do at the meeting in Potsdam that alarmed President Truman?

answer

Stalin refused to make a commitment to allow free elections in Eastern Europe.

question

How did President Harry Truman react to the North Korean invasion of South Korea?

answer

Led a United Nation action against the North, known as the Korean War.

question

What impact did the Korean War have on U.S. budgets?

answer

Military spending increased and became a larger proportion of future budgets.

question

Why was NASA created?

answer

to coordinate the space-related efforts of American scientists and the military.

question

What was the Eisenhower Doctrine?

answer

The Eisenhower Doctrine stated that the United States would use force to help any Middle Eastern nation threatened by communism.

question

In what way did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 affect employment in the United States?

answer

It outlawed job discrimination and created the EEOC to investigate charges of job discrimination.

question

What was the purpose of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

answer

The Voting Rights Act banned literacy tests and empowered the federal government to oversee voting registration and elections in states that had discriminated against minorities.

question

What did the Twenty-fourth Amendment to the Constitution prohibit?

answer

The Twenty-fourth Amendment prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax.

question

What did Brown v. Board of Education challenge?

answer

the principle of "separate but equal"

question

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court rule that de jure segregation was constitutional as long as the facilities were "separate but equal" for both blacks and whites?

answer

Plessy v. Ferguson

question

Which African American is famous for breaking into major league baseball?

answer

Jackie Robinson

question

What were Jim Crow laws?

answer

In the South, Jim Crow laws enforced strict separation of the races.

question

Why did Martin Luther King, Jr. target Birmingham, Alabama for a civil rights campaign?

answer

Martin Luther King chose Birmingham because of its reputation as the most segregated city in the South.

question

What is deficit spending?

answer

the government practice of borrowing money in order to spend more than is received from taxes

question

As part of the Economic Opportunity Act, what was the purpose of the Job Corps?

answer

To train men and women in the work skills they needed to acquire better jobs and move out of poverty.

question

Which of the following did the Elementary and Secondary Education Act provide federal funding for?

answer

The 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act was designed to aid schools in poorer communities. It provided federal funds to improve school libraries, learning centers, language laboratories, and services in impoverished school districts. The act dramatically increased funding for Indian, inner city, and Mexican American schools.

question

Why were programs such as the Peace Corps and Alliance for Progress created?

answer

to encourage mutual understanding between Americans and people of other nations and cultures. To assist people in other countries and to help stop the spread of communism.

question

The Bay of Pigs invasion was an attempt to overthrow whom?

answer

Fidel Castro

question

What issue led to the construction of the Berlin Wall?

answer

The Berlin crisis occurred when Kennedy refused Khrushchev's demand that U.S. forces leave West Berlin and that the West recognize the formal division of Germany.

question

What was determined to be Lee Harvey Oswald's role in the Kennedy assassination?

answer

The Warren Commission concluded that Oswald was the "lone killer".

question

The Equal Pay Act was intended to _____.

answer

required equal wages for "equal work" in industries engaged in commerce or producing goods for commerce

question

In what way did the U.S. government expand the rights of people with disabilities in the 1960s and 1970s?

answer

Congress passed laws guaranteeing them access to education.

question

What was the purpose of the first Earth Day event on April 22, 1970?

answer

The April 22 Earth Day, founded by Senator Gaylord Nelson, was first organized in 1970 to promote ecology and respect for life on the planet as well as to encourage awareness of the growing problems of air, water and soil pollution

question

President Nixon's Vietnamization policy emphasized that the United States must _____.

answer

shift responsibility for fighting the Vietcong from American to South Vietnamese forces.

question

How did the reception of Vietnam veterans by the American public differ from the reception that World War I and II veterans received?

answer

American servicemen were not thanked or appreciated for their enormous sacrifices in Vietnam, as veterans of World Wars I and II had been.

question

What effect did the Vietnam War have on the power of the President?

answer

Congress passed the War Powers Act. The act restricted the President's war-making powers by requiring him to consult with Congress within 48 hours of committing American forces to a foreign conflict.

question

What happened during the antiwar protests at Kent State University?

answer

At Kent State University, in Ohio, National Guardsmen opened fire on students when a guardsman thought he heard a gunshot during the students' protests.

question

By the end of April 1975, which city fell to the North Vietnamese Army, leading to the unification of Vietnam?

answer

Saigon

question

Why was the Tet Offensive considered a turning point in the Vietnam War?

answer

The Tet Offensive proved to Americans that the communists were determined and that the war would not end quickly.

question

Which of the following best describes the war strategy of the Vietcong?

answer

They fought at night and in the jungle.

question

What did Nixon's "new federalism" establish?

answer

The plan sent power and resources from the federal government back to the state governments.

question

How did the embargo by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) contribute to stagflation problems in the early 1970s?

answer

Oil prices greatly increased; as much as 400% in one year.

question

What was the result of the Watergate scandal on Richard Nixon's presidency?

answer

Nixon resigned the presidency.

question

In the case of United States v. Nixon, what did the Supreme Court order President Nixon to do?

answer

To turn over the Watergate tapes.

question

How did the continued migration of Americans to the Sunbelt during the 1970s affect politics?

answer

The political power of the Sunbelt increased.

question

Why did the United States boycott the 1980 Summer Olympic Games?

answer

Because of the invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union.

question

Why did Reagan support rebellions in Afghanistan, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Grenada?

answer

Because these rebels were fighting against communist forces supported by the Soviet Union.

question

What did the 1994 Violence Against Women Act do?

answer

Increased resources to prosecute men guilty of violent acts against women

question

What is the policy that gives special consideration to women and minorities by giving them preference in school admissions and job applications?

answer

Affirmative Action

question

What do supporters of bilingual education want?

answer

Students are taught in their native languages as well as in English

question

What group was directly responsible for the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001?

answer

Al Qaeda

question

What was the United States' first response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001?

answer

Americans pulled together and offered help in many ways including money, supplies and services.

question

Which law broadens government's powers to monitor suspected terrorists?

answer

The Patriot Act

question

Why did President Clinton send military troops to Bosnia?

answer

To stop the Bosnian Serbs from conducting ethnic cleansing.

question

As of 2013, the world's total population was about _____.

answer

7 billion

question

The U.S. has advocated strengthening oil embargoes against Iran because _____.

answer

Of Iran's ambition to produce a nuclear weapon

question

America's primary interest in the Middle East is to support _____.

answer

Democracy and oil production

question

What is the most controversial provision of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act—which is sometimes referred to by its detractors as Obamacare?

answer

the requirement that all Americans obtain health insurance

question

Which is an example of biotechnology?

answer

Robotic limbs

American History Second Semester – Flashcards

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