question

If climate change continues to result in warmer average temperatures throughout Europe as it has, how might we expect patterns of production and consumption of alcoholic beverages to change? A. Viticulture will dominate in milder coastal areas, and grain-based alcohol will dominate in the continental interiors throughout the region B. Grain-based (beer and spirits) production will expand northward, increasing beer and spirits product and consumption in areas now restricted to viticulture C. Viticulture will expand southward, increasing wine production and consumption in areas now restricted to grain alcohol production D. Viticulture will expand northward, increasing wine production and consumption to areas now restricted to grain alcohol production E. Grain-based (beer and spirits) production will expand southward, increasing beer and spirits production and consumption to areas now restricted to viticulture

answer

D

question

How do global atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns account for the difference in average annual temperatures between locations at similar latitudes in North America and Europe (e.g., New York City and Rome)? A. Prevailing easterly winds propel cool ocean currents from Europe across the North Atlantic, giving North American locations cooler average temperatures than European locations at similar latitudes B. Prevailing westerly winds propel warm Gulf Stream ocean currents from the east cast of North American across the North Atlantic where they draw relatively warm moist air onto Atlantic-facing peninsulas and isles and into Atlantic-attached seas, bays, and gulfs, giving European locations near coasts and on narrow peninsulas warmer average temperatures than North American locations at similar latitudes C. Prevailing westerly winds propel cool ocean currents across the North Atlantic, giving European locations near coasts on narrow peninsulas cooler average temperatures than North American locations at similar latitudes D. Prevailing easterly winds propel warm ocean currents across the North Atlantic, giving North America locations warmer average temperatures than European locations at similar latitudes E. Warm dry winds advecting northward from the Saharan Desert across the Mediterranean Sea cause European locations to be warmer than those of similar latitudes in North America, which have no desert to the south of them

answer

B

question

Scholars have identified three complete waves of technology systems that have occurred since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution and that contributed to the growth of European economies. What fundamental spatial reorganization of regional industrialization emerged during the third wave? A. The development of core-periphery structure with the core in the Golden Triangle stretching between London, Paris, and Berlin B. Organization of industrial at coastal seaport locations C. Dispersed localized industrial clusters centered near urban centers with available laborers D. Organization of industrial centers located on equidistant nodes along railroad networks E. Dispersed localized industrial clusters centered near sources of fossil fuels

answer

A

question

After COMECON was abolished, what advantage did Eastern Europe have over Western Europe? A. Agriculture geared to local markets B. Consumers C. Political ties with Russia D. Excellent communication and transportation infrastructure E. Heavy industry and standardized products

answer

B

question

The European Union (EU) has positive effects on the economic and social well-being of many European countries, but what are the EU's negative effects? A. There are environmental and social issues that result from CAP policies B. It can negatively affect the economic position of nonmember countries, especially those in the periphery C. Changes in farming landscapes are objectionable to many D. The removal of internal barriers to migrant laborers became a disadvantage to peripheral regions E. All of the above choices are correct

answer

E

question

In what physiographic regions does the Southern Crescent lie? A. The lowland plains of France, the Pyrenees, and the plateaus of Spain B. The Central Plateaus and the Alpine System C. The uplands of Norway and the lowlands of Sweden D. The North European lowlands of Denmark E. The lowland plains and Carpathians of Romania

answer

B

question

An extreme example of ethnic cleansing occurred in Yugoslavia (now dissolved) in 1998. Which cultural group was targeted? A. Bosnians B. Kosovar Albanians C. Vojvodinans D. Bulgarian Serbs E. Muslim Bosniaks

answer

B

question

What were key factors in the success of European countries becoming leaders of major world economies in the 15th and 16th centuries? A. The aristocracy's desire for exploration followed by important navigation inventions B. The commencements of overseas exploration and trade followed by the rise of industrial capitalism C. Industrial capitalism followed by advances in technology and science D. The building of the Roman system of roads followed by the rise of merchant capitalism E. The rise of merchant capitalism followed by overseas exploration and trade

answer

E

question

Which of the following situations in Europe is an example of xenophobia? A. The belief that immigrants from North Africa are a threat to traditional French life B. The belief that immigrant families should be given citizenship C. The belief that the Basques should have autonomy D. The belief that Flemings should abandon their Dutch-based language E. The belief that the Flemish should be forcibly moved into Belgium

answer

A

question

What does the future stability of the European Union (EU) depend on? A. Whether living standards improve across the European Union B. Whether it undertakes major reforms to deal with the problem of the aging workforce C. Whether it grants membership to candidate countries that want to become part of the European Union D. Whether the Euro is accepted by all countries in Europe E. Whether small towns are industrialized

answer

B

question

The drainage area of a particular river or river system -Allowed canal building to take place relatively easy -Increased the mobility of river traffic

answer

Watershed

question

A 1997 legally binding global agreement in which industrialized countries had committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

answer

United Nation Kyoto Protocol

question

A system that allows energy-intensive facilities to buy and sell permits that allow them to emit carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere

answer

Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS)

question

A broad region within which there is a coherence of geology, relief, landforms, soils, and vegetation

answer

Physiographic Region

question

The direction in which a sloping piece of land faces

answer

Aspect

question

High, hilly land

answer

Uplands

question

A deep, bowl-shaped basin on a mountainside, shaped by ice action

answer

Cirque

question

A steep-sided, narrow inlet of the sea formed when deeply glaciated valleys are flooded by the sea

answer

Fjord

question

The accumulation of rock and soil carried forward by a glacier and eventually deposited at the glacier's frontal edge or along its side

answer

Moraine

question

An artic wilderness where the climate precludes any agriculture or forestry; permafrost and very short summers mean that the natural vegetation consists of mosses, lichens, and certain hardy grasses

answer

Tundra

question

A system of farming and way of life based on keeping herds of grazing animals Ex. Grazing, oats, rye, potatoes, flax, dairy

answer

Pastoralism

question

A surface cover of fine-grained silt and clay deposited by wind action and usually resulting in deep layers of yellowish, loamy soils

answer

Loess

question

A form of economy based on principles of collective ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods dominated and directed by state bureaucracies

answer

State Socialism

question

Semiarid, treeless, grassland plains with landscapes that are infinitely monotonous

answer

Steppe

question

An open, uncultivated land with poor soil and scrub vegetation

answer

Heathland

question

The period of cooler climate that significantly reduced the growing season for crops that occurred in about 1300 C.E.

answer

Little Ice Age

question

An area of low land reclaimed from a body of water of building dikes and draining the water

answer

Polder

question

Precipitation that has mixed with air pollution to produce rain that contains levels of acidity--often in the form of sulfuric acid--that are harmful to vegetation and aquatic life

answer

Acid Rain

question

Regional hierarchies composed, at the bottom, of local nobles and, at the top, of lords or monarchs owning immense stretches of land. In this system, landowners delegated smaller parcels of land in return for political allegiance and economic obligations in the form of money dues or labor

answer

Feudal System

question

A form of capitalism characterized by trade in commodities and a highly organized system of banking, credit, stock, and insurance services

answer

Merchant Capitalism

question

A seaport that is an intermediary center of trade and shipment

answer

Entrepot

question

The oil that occurs in deposits of sand saturated with bitumen (tar), whose extraction is toxis

answer

Tar Sands

question

Are clusters of interrelated energy, transportation, and production technologies that dominate economic activity for several decades at a time

answer

Technology Systems

question

Germany, France, & England

answer

Golden Triangle

question

A secondary, prosperous, emergent region that straddles the Alps, running from Frankfurt through Stuttgart, Zurich, and Munich, and finally to Milan, Turin, and northern Italy -Cheaper land and labor -Less urbanized but the rate is higher (cities packed) -Flexible production regions - small firms share industrial culture economic clusters

answer

Southern Crescent

question

Large-scale political economies that emerged as the industrial nations of Europe pursued overseas expansion in the early 19th century

answer

Trading Empire

question

The extension of the power of a nation through direct or indirect control of the economic and political life of other territories

answer

Imperialism

question

A severe decline in the world economy that lasted from 1929 until the mid 1930's

answer

Great Depression

question

Nazi Germany's systematic genocide of various ethnic, religious, and national minority groups--including 2 out of every 3 European Jews--during the 1930's and 1940's

answer

Holocaust

question

The strategy of quickly rebuilding the West German economy after WWII with U.S. funds in order to prevent the spread of socialism or a recurrence of fascism

answer

Marshall Plan

question

The militarized frontier zone across which Soviet and East European authorities allowed the absolute minimum movement of people, goods, and information during the Cold War; buffer for the Soviets

answer

Iron Curtain

question

A state that is economically dependent and politically and militarily subservient to another state

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Satellite State

question

Nonelected government officials

answer

Bureaucratic Class

question

A national economy in which all aspects of production and distribution are centrally controlled by government agencies

answer

Command Economies

question

An organization established in 1949 to reorganize Eastern European economies in the Soviet mold, member countries were to pursue independent, centralized, plans designed to produce economic self sufficiency

answer

COMECON

question

A system in which the government undertakes to protect the health and well-being of its citizens with the aim of distributing income and resources to the poorer members of society

answer

Welfare State

question

Rental housing that is owned and managed by a public institution or nonprofit organization

answer

Social Housing

question

A supranational economic and political organization made up of 27 European countries founded to recapture prosperity and power through economic and political integration; formerly known as the European Economic Community -Has the largest economy on the planet ($17 trillion) -Allows the free movement of people -Has a common defense force (EU army) -France and Germany are the political and economic powerhouses of the region: Germany (5) France (9) Italy (10)

answer

European Union (EU)

question

The system of European Union support of wholesale prices for agricultural produce created to bolster the agricultural sector of the EU

answer

Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)

question

An agreement signed by members of the European Community in 1992, committing them to economic and monetary union and the creation of the European Union

answer

Maastricht Treaty

question

The decline in industrial employment in core regions as firms scale back activities in response to lower levels of profitability

answer

Deindustrialization

question

An 18th century movement in Europe and North America marked by a belief in the sovereignty of reason and empirical research in the sciences

answer

Enlightenment

question

The assertion by the government of a country that a minority living outside its borders to it historically and culturally

answer

Irredentism

question

The division of a territory into smaller and often mutually hostile units

answer

Balkanization

question

A culturally distinct territory that is encompassed by a different cultural group or groups

answer

Enclaves

question

A portion of a country or a cultural group's territory that lies outside its contiguous land area

answer

Exclaves

question

The systematic and forced removal of members of an ethnic group in order to change the ethnic composition of a region

answer

Ethnic Cleansing

question

A way of thinking that emphasizes innovation over tradition, rationality over mysticism, and utopianism over fatalism emphasizes reason, scientific rationality, creativity, novelty, and progress

answer

Modernity

question

A hatred and/or fear of foreigners

answer

Xenophobia

question

A city in which a disproportionate share of the world's most important business--economic, political, and cultural--is transacted

answer

World Cities

question

The number of people age 65 and older compared with the number of working-age people (age 15 to 64)

answer

Old-Age Dependency Ratio

question

Played an important role in almost every facet of western human life and culture Innovative, discover, migrate, exploit, conquer, & destroy

answer

Europeans

question

Every foreign land was visited Europe's centrally located Seas penetrate into the landmass Navigable rivers

answer

Age of Discovery

question

Europe consists of 50 independent countries

answer

The European Habitat

question

Seas surrounding Europe strongly influence this Temperate because of moist warm air masses from the Atlantic Inland, summers & winters have more extremes of hot & cold Mediterranean has cool wet winters and hot dry summers

answer

Europe's Climate

question

Wet & cool in the summer, mild in the winter

answer

North Atlantic Drift

question

Europe lies in the latitude of the westerlies North Atlantic Drift Mountains allow air masses to penetrate far into the interior No months that average below freezing Heat waves are rare It rains frequently all year

answer

Marine Coastal

question

Exceptionally dry summers, and the concentration of precipitation in winter Snow falls in the mountains and the melt water provides irrigation in the spring and summer Southern Europe

answer

Arid and Semi Arid

question

400 million year old mountains Glaciated landscapes Very cold, long winters; cool summers Far north is tundra, moving South; coniferous to deciduous trees Forestry is a large part of the economy Farming consists of pastoralism Small villages and building are widely dispersed

answer

Northwestern Uplands

question

Cirques, valleys, fjords, lakes, and moraines

answer

Glaciated Landscape

question

Southern France, thru Southeastern England, into Russia to the Ural Mountains The elevation is very flat or has gentle undulations Western point is very moist, densely settled, and intensively farmed Further east the climate is dryer, & loess soils are dominate; irrigation is required for agriculture, corn, and wheat is dominate Past Poland, Slovakia, & Hungary, the land becomes a steppe semiarid, treeless grasslands; grazing is the dominate agriculture & population is sparse

answer

North European Lowlands

question

Created from 250-300 million year old rocks that have been eroded down to broad tracts of uplands Rolling hills, steep slopes, & deep curving valleys Found in Spain, France, & Germany, each have their own unique characteristics

answer

Central Plateaus

question

Massif Central is much wetter and consists of wooded hilly landscapes dotted with villages, farms, and vineyards

answer

France Characteristics

question

Surrounded by cordillera, these flat dry meseta make up central Spain and are regions of agriculture

answer

Spain Characteristics

question

Black Forest, bisected by steep valleys, and interspersed with prosperous towns, agriculture, and vineyards

answer

Germany Characteristics

question

Oriented east-west stretches 1,290 km Southern part of Europe from the Pyrenees to the Carpathians and Dinaric Alps 50 million years old Valleys orient from SW to NE allowing at least one slope to be exposed to sunlight Glacial deposits create rich farmland Rich in mineral resources, hydropower, and tourism

answer

Alps

question

At one time, temperate forests covered 95% of Europe, today its 5% Industrialization created spoils heaps from coal mining Waste created from human, domestic, and industrial waste Many remaining forests suffer from acid rain Many of the rivers and streams are polluted

answer

Environmental Issues

question

Aalborg Charter (1994) European sustainable cities 2014, 2,500 local and regional governments and 39 countries have committed to the charter Freiburg, Germany most successful

answer

Green Cities

question

Reduce carbon emissions by 40% by 2030

answer

Goal of Green Cities

question

To establish a unique mixture of environmental, economic, and social policies -Environmental protection agencies -Encourage walking, biking, and public transportation -Use solar and wind energy -Created homes and businesses that use low-energy standards

answer

Objective of Green Cities

question

There are three major subdivisons of the Indo-European family: Slavic Romance Germanic

answer

Language Patterns

question

Speakers in the East

answer

Slavic Language

question

Speakers in the South and West

answer

Romance Language

question

Speakers in the North

answer

Germanic Language

question

-Roughly 526 million people -Europe is considered one of the most densely populated regions of the world -Four European countries have populations in excess of 50 million: Germany: 82 million (in East) France & UK: 60 million Italy: 58 million -Overall, births are balanced by deaths -The largest increases are from immigrants

answer

Population

question

Zero population growth

answer

Demographic Collapse

question

12% World Population 35% of world's export 43% of world imports High levels of material consumption Regional income disparities

answer

Economy

question

Cities that are closely situated and highly populated -Energy efficient -Reduced land use -Stations are smaller than airports -180-250mph -Place not connected will be underdeveloped

answer

High Speed Lines (HSL)

question

Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands, France, Germany, Italy

answer

Original Members of EU

question

February 7th, 1998

answer

Date EU was established

question

Consists of 16 countries that use the Euro as the official currency

answer

Eurozone

question

Uniform interests rates Transaction costs reduced and exchange rate fluctuations ended Financial integration The end of speculation and competitive devaluation Economic cushioning from domestic political instability

answer

Benefits for being a part of the Eurozone

question

Several migration flows occur from India, Pakistan, West Indies, Turkey, North Africa, Caribbean, and Eastern Europe Creates cultural friction

answer

Immigration

question

Fastest growing cultural group; burqa's banned in France, Switzerland, and Austria banned the construction of mosques

answer

Muslims

question

-Largest of the European peninsulas -Prominent western mountains that separate Norway from Sweden

answer

Scandinavian Peninsula

question

A square mass that projects into the Atlantic

answer

Iberian Peninsula

question

Projects into the Mediterranean

answer

Balkan Peninsula

question

-Geographers sometimes use the Ural Mountains -Political and administrative issues are mostly used

answer

Eastern Boundary of Europe

question

Tends to be unpredictable, partly because of the swirling movement of air masses as they pass over the Atlantic and partly because of the complex effects of the widely varying temperatures of interpenetrating bodies of land and water

answer

North-western Europe's Climate

question

Seasonal weather tends to be more settled, with more pronounced extremes of summer heat and winter cold

answer

Eastern Europe's Climate

question

Blows down the Rhone valley in Southern France

answer

The Mistral

question

Blows over the Eastern Alps towards the Adriatic region of Italy

answer

The Bora

question

-Provide a warming effect in the winter, cooling effect in the summer -In winter, they cool slower than land; in summer, they warm up slower than land

answer

Seas surrounding Europe

question

A compact chain of mountains that is separate from other ranges

answer

Massif

question

-Land is subdivided into a checkerboard pattern of rectilinear fields -Introduced by Romans -Still seen today Ex. Po Valley

answer

Centuriation

question

-Based on cluster of early industrial technologies (steam engines, cotton textiles, etc.) and was highly localized -Limited to a few regions in Britain

answer

First Wave of Industrialization

question

-Involved the exploitation of a technology system -Diffusion of industrialization -New opportunities were created as new resources and markets emerged

answer

Second Wave of Industrialization

question

-Industrialization spread for the first time to remoter parts of Europe -Result was to create the foundations of a core-periphery structure within Europe -Golden Triangle & Southern Crescent

answer

Third Wave of Industrialization

question

The Soviet Union plus its Eastern European satellite states

answer

Soviet Bloc

question

-Initiated by the European Commission -Provides educational exchanges between major cities in Europe

answer

Erasmus Programme

question

European industrialization was dependent on raw materials from where? A. Satellite States B. Welfare States C. Overseas Expansion D. Feudal Systems E. Viticulture

answer

C

question

How do high speed rails, like the Gotthard Base Tunnel, affect European geography? A. More cities in Eastern Europe are in the time tables than Western Europe B. Some areas are less accessible and fall behind economically C. Each area has similar rates of access and development D. Geography is not suited to rail travel E. Failure of technology to counteract centrifugal forces

answer

B

question

What is a compact chain of mountains separate from other ranges? A. Heathland B. Fjords C. Massif D. Meseta E. Loess

answer

C

question

What is the predominant religion in Southern Europe? A. Eastern Orthodox B. Roman Catholicism C. Protestantism D. Judaism E. No one religion predominates in Southern Europe

answer

B

question

Which of the following are ways Freiburg has become one of Europe's "greenest cities"? A. Policy of walking, cycling, and public transportation B. Home to green industries like photovoltaics C. Goal of reducing emissions by 40% D. Strict standards of energy use in housing E. All of the above

answer

E

question

What is a characteristic of Northwestern Europe's midlatitude climates? A. Cold and dry continental conditions B. Winter rain and dry, arid conditions C. Westerly winds and marine conditions D. Cold spells, frost and polar conditions E. Humid, subtropical conditions

answer

C

question

By 2050, the ratio of workers to retirees in Europe is expected to be: A. 4:1 B. 1:1 C. 2:1 D. 3:1 E. None of these

answer

C

question

Where is the region of origin for the most immigrants going to the Netherlands? A. Mediterranean Countries B. Indonesia C. The Caribbean D. The Balkans E. Former colonies in Africa

answer

B

question

What mountain range is sometimes used to mark the boundary between Europe and Asia? A. Apennines B. Urals C. Pyrenees D. Alps E. Capathians

answer

B

question

Which of the following is an example of irredentism, the claim of government over a minority living outside its borders? A. France on Germany B. Ireland on Scotland C. Nazi Germany on Austria D. Nazi Germany on Italy E. None of the above

answer

C

question

What created the geographic beer-wine division in Europe? A. Spread of viticulture by Roman Empire B. Spanish and Portuguese overseas expansion C. Reduced temperatures in the Little Ice Age D. Appellation Controlee system in France E. Increased grain production in the Warm Medieval Period

answer

C

question

What is the climate of South Europe? A. Continental/Midlatitude B. Highland C. Marine west coast D. Polar E. Mediterranean

answer

E

question

What legally binding global agreement seeks to reduce greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere? A. Marshall Plan B. Emissions Trading Scheme C. Treaty of Westphalia D. United Nations Kyoto Protocol E. Maastricht Treaty

answer

D

question

Which of the following is not true about the Alps? A. Substantial agricultural economy B. Source of hydroelectric power C. Source of limestone, lead, and copper D. Older than 500 million years E. None of the above

answer

D

question

During the colonial period, Spain and other European countries relied on gold and silver from: A. Antarctica B. The Americas C. Sub-Saharan Africa D. Southeast Asia E. Northern Africa

answer

B

question

Which of the following is a fertile, wind-borne soil? A. Moraines B. Massif C. Loess D. Meseta E. Fjord

answer

C

question

What does the German word "Gastarbeifer" mean? A. Foreigner B. Guest worker C. Internal passport D. Germany nationalism E. None of these

answer

B

question

What agricultural industry currently dominates the steppe landscape of the North European Lowlands? A. Corn B. Fruit and vegetables C. Sheep D. Cattle E. Wheat

answer

C

question

Which country was expelled from the Soviet bloc due to ideological differences? A. Finland B. Hungary C. Czechoslovakia D. Bulgaria E. Yugoslavia

answer

E

question

In what era was industrialization in the coalfield areas of northern France, Belgium, and Germany? A. 1850-1870 B. 1790-1850 C. 1900-1920 D. 1940-1950 E. 1870-1900

answer

A

question

What is xenophobia? A. A hate or fear of religion B. A love or acceptance of foreigners C. A love or acceptance of religion D. A hate or fear of foreigners E. A hate or fear of women

answer

D

question

During what period did innovations in technology and business bring Europe into a new merchant capitalist economy? A. 9-10th century B. 15th-16th century C. 19th-20th century D. 13th-14th century E. 11th-12th century

answer

B

question

The Pyrenees Mountains designate the border between France and: A. Spain B. Belgium C. Germany D. Switzerland E. Italy

answer

A

question

In 2012, the average number of children per family in Europe was: A. 3 B. 1.2 C. 2.1 D. 2.5 E. 1.6

answer

E

question

Compared to men, women in Europe generally earn: A. 50% more per hour B. The same C. 50% less per hour D. 16% less per hour E. 16% more per hour

answer

D

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