POLI 2017 Hyer Final – Flashcards

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Q 1: The "paradigm mentality" leads to research approaches that
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Are narrow and rigid
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Q 1: Popper opposed an "open society" of scholars that embraces theoretical and methodological diversity.
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False
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Q 1: The best way to encourage theoretical creativity and imagination is to
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Have several competing theories
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Q 1:Having a set of intensively held values
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Allows personal beliefs to influence empirical inquiry
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Q 1:To think theoretically one must
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Assume an underlying order to human affairs
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Q 1:Thinking theoretically requires a willingness to sacrifice detail and embrace broad observations.
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True
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Q 1: Systematic thinking about "International Relations" requires that we define the unit of analysis.
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True
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Q 1: The agent-structure debate revolves, in part, around the role of individuals on the outcomes in International Relations.
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True
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Q 1: Normative claims can be subjected to empirical tests to prove their validity.
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False
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Q 1: Positivism dominates what school of International Relations theory?
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Realism
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Q 2: E. H. Carr wrote, "It is as fatal in politics to ignore ______ as it is to ignore ______."
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Power; morality
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Q 2: Chapter 9 on Normative IR Theory primarily focuses on which level of analysis?
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Universal of cosmopolitan level
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Q 2: The concept of sovereign states as the supreme, independent, and final authority in international politics is very typical of normative thinking.
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False
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Q 2: Just War Theory is a
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Normative theory that defines the conduct of war
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Q 2: The "stag hunt" is Rousseau's illustration of
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the tendency for cooperation.
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Q 2: According to Rousseau, the underlying cause of conflict in international relations is
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the social context within which states exist.
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Q 2: That moral principles should/ought to guide politics is an ideal embraced by
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Immanuel Kant
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Q 2: A theory of international politics based on "value judgments" and "moral perspectives" is considered
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Normative Theory
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Q 2: E. H. Carr wrote, "The _____ who dreams that it is possible to eliminate self-assertion from politics and to base a political system on morality alone is just as wide of the mark as the _____ who believes that altruism is an illusion and that all political action is self-seeking."
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Utopian; realist
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Q 2: E. H. Carr maintains that the nature of politics is such that
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None of the above
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Q 2: Kant argues that "reason instructs" and motivates us toward the goal of a world society with "perpetual peace."
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True
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Q 2: Divorcing norms from decisions we make about international relations may be difficult, but is possible according to normative theory.
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False
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Q 3:"The Melian Dialogue" underlines considerations of
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power and interest in international politics
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Q 3:Realists agree that "low politics" (trade, domestic concerns, etc.) are on par with "high politics" (security, war, etc.) in determining state behavior.
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False
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Q 3:The Realist perspective originated with classical English authors such as Disraeli.
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False
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Q 3:Realism emphasizes the constraints placed on international politics by
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all of the above
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Q 3:For realists, moral and ethical concerns are generally
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subordinated to considerations of power and interests.
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Q 3:According to Thomas Hobbes, war is an evil that can be prevented by improving human nature.
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False
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Q 3:For realists, anarchy drives states to seek security primarily by
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seeking relative power over other states.
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Q 3:Thomas Hobbes argued that:
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"Where there is no common power, there is no law: where no law, no injustice."
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Q 3:_____ writes that "the strong do what they have the power to do and the weak accept what they have to accept."
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Thucydides
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Q 3:Realism holds that international relations are fundamentally
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an amoral issue
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Q 3:"A prince therefore who desires to maintain himself must learn to be not always good, but to be so or not as necessity may require." This sage advice was given by Immanuel Kant.
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False
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Q 3:The "state" is generally assumed by realists to be
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a single rational actor
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Q 3:The "Security Dilemma" is a phenomenon rooted in the anarchic international system.
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True
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Q 3: For Classical Realists, fear is not a fundamental cause of war
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False
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Q 4: For Marx, the primary form of conflict in human history is
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Class struggle
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Q4: ____ argued that imperialism inevitably emerged as a direct continuation in the development of monopoly capitalism.
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V.I. Lenin
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Q4:The capitalist world-system theory, like theories of realism, necessarily places the state at the center of analysis.
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True
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Q4: For economic structuralists, the proper starting point of analysis is:
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the international system
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Q4:Marx's theory of revolution underestimated the power of
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Nationalism
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Q4: Dialectical Materialism is a theory developed by:
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Marx
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Q4: Lenin's theory of imperialism focused on
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Advanced capitalist states
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Q4: Marxism rejects Realism's tendency to analyze politics and the international system in isolation, especially Realism's lack of focus on global capitalism.
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True
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Q4: Marx assumed conflict (fault-line) within society was driven primarily by
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mechanisms of exploitation controlled by a particular class.
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Q4: Marxists (economic structuralists) assume that uneven development is the result of
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Structures of domination
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Q5: Politics conducted in a condition of anarchy makes
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The domestic differences of states important ??
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Q5Neorealism highlights its constraints by only focusing on the influence of
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distribution of power among states
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Q5The structure of the system influences state behavior, but does not determine the outcome.
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True
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Q5Waltz believes that it is not absolutely necessary to take into account
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the domestic characteristics of states
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Q5State behavior is characterized by rational self-interested behavior as determined by the systemic constraints of the international system. This statement fairly represents the view of Neorealism.
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True
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Q5According to Neorealists, a theory of international relations that seeks explanation by looking at the human psyche is an example of:
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Reductionism
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Q5An "international system" is defined as:
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the phenomenon resulting from the interaction of actors
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Q5A system is a mental image that helps us visualize international relations and explain
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Patterns and interactions of states
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Q5Neorealism claims that states are structurally predisposed to behave in generally predictable patterns, but to understand specific behaviors we must look at
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the internal disposition of states
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Q5According to advocates of systemic theory, explaining international outcomes on the basis of state-level causes is an example of
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Reductionist theory
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Q5A decision-makers' "perceptions" are considered a "systemic cause" in Neorealist theory of IR.
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False
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Q5: The international "system" is independent of the wishes of states, and ________ determine(s) system-level outcomes.
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competition among states
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Q 5: A systems theory of IR relegates state-level issues to secondary importance in explaining the outcomes of state actions.
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True
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Q 5: The game of prisoners' dilemma is based on the assumption that states do act irrationally.
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False
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Q6: Neorealism focuses attention on
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states' concerns about relative gains in power
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Q6: Waltz believes that taking into account which aspect(s) of structure is not necessary if the system is anarchic?
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the domestic characteristics of states
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Q6: Balance-of-power theory does not explain outcomes in international politics in which the system is anarchic and states seek to survive.
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False
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Q6: When cooperation occurs in international politics, the primary concern(s) of states is/are
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Only A and B
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Q6: That similar patterns of state behavior are observed in international politics is attributed to
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the structure of the system.
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Q6: Neorealists assume that one of the important effects of anarchy is that
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Even states content to live in peace are condemned to a relentless struggle for security.
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Q6: Balance-of-Power theory assumes that:
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balances are the natural and inevitable outcome of the struggle for power.
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Q6: The ordering principle in any given system can be which of the following?
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A or C ( Anarchy or hierarchy)
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Q6: The structure of international system is defined by
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Distribution of capabilities accrossthe system??
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Q6: The use of force and the threat of violence is what distinguish domestic politics and international politics.
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False
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Q6: Balance-of-Power is a theory used to explain the outcome of individual states' efforts to survive and enhance their power.
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True
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Q6: To say that a state is sovereign is to say that
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a state can decide for itself its policies.
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Q6: The structure of the system operates as a cause of state behavior, but is not the only cause.
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True
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Q6: Neorealism assumes that economic cooperation is sought by states in an anarchic world.
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False
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Q7: Liberal Institutionalists believe that states are more concerned with maximizing absolute gains than ensuring relative gains.
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True
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Q7: Economic self-interest is a disincentive for war when
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Trade creates mutual dependence
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Q7: From the perspective of liberalism, people are reasoning beings concerned with self-preservation and self-improvement. Liberals therefore assume that
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States can learn to secure international peace
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Q7: A liberal theory that explains how states collaborate to achieve common goals is
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Functionalism
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Q7: Neoliberals assume that there is a logical link between the conditions of anarchy and war.
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False
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Q7: Voluntarism assumes that system structure takes precedence over agency.
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False
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Q7: Robert Keohane argues that strong states with a long time horizon
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Can facilitate cooperation when dealing with a global collective goods problem
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Q7: Stephen Brooks argues that the key to understanding the relationship between international commerce and war is to focus on
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The globalization of production
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Q7: Liberals generally take _______ of how states affect international relations and outcomes.
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An inside-out view
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Q7: Liberalism (Neofunctionalism) takes from game theory analysis of international politics a zero-sum perspective rather than a positive-sum perspective.
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False
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Q7: Liberals assume that international organizations can be independent actors in their own right.
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True
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Q7: For liberals, anarchy is mitigated by
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Only A and C ( international regimes and international institutions)
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Q7:A set of principles, norms, rules and procedures around which actors' expectations converge is a(n)
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International regime
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Q7:Liberals believe that the moral aspirations of states will not be thwarted by the absence of an overarching global authority.
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True
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Q7:For liberals, states are less inclined to resort to international hostility if
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Only A and C ( share common political and economic regime AND they would suffer from the interruption of free trade)
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Q8 :Which of the following is the best definition of an international regime?
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Voluntarily agreed-upon sets of principles, norms, rules, and procedures around which actor expectations converge in a given area of international relations.
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Q8 :What are the two sides in the major debate among English School theorists concerning the conception of international society?
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Pluralist vs Solidarist
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Q8 :Why did British and American international relations scholars diverge in the 1950s and 1960s?
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British scholars did not embrace the behavioral movement that was overtaking American political science.
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Q8 :Hugo Grotius argued that international law is based upon:
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All of the above except C ( natural law, customary practices, international treaties )
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Q8 :Which traditions of thought have influenced the English School of thought? I. Hobbesian (realist) II. Machiavellian (realist) III. Grotian (internationalist) IV. Kantian (universalist) V. Leninist (socialist)
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I, II, III, & IV
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Q8 :Grotius argues that international law governs nations' behavior
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during times of peace and war
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Q8 :The English School of international relations theory focuses attention on
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the workings of an international society
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Q8 :Hedley Bull contends that
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Since the dawn of nation states, elements of international society have always been present
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Q8 :According to Tim Dunne, the English School has more in common with constructivism than with positivist approaches to understanding international relations.
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True
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Q8: Revolutionist
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World society
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Q8: Realist
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International system
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Q8: Rationalist
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International Society
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Q9: Constructivism takes issue with neorealist conceptions of the sovereign state by problematizing the concept of sovereignty through
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arguing that sovereignty is a socially constructed idea.
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Q9:Constructivism focuses our attention on competing representations of history and rejects the idea of a "true" account of history written by the dominant power.
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True
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Q9:The end of the Cold War, and the "failure" of rationalist/positivist IR theories (Neorealism and Neoliberalism) to predict and explain a fundamental change in the international system, motivated Constructivists to question these theories' assumptions about
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All of the above ( anarchy, agent structure relations, influence of ideas on state behavior)
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Q9:According to constructivist theory, the security dilemma is a socially constructed feature of international relations, not an inherent aspect of anarchy.
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True
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Q9:What do Constructivist/Interpretive theorists mean when they say that "theory is always for someone and for some purpose"?
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All theories are rooted in assumptions conditioned by human perspective
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Q9:The fundamental orientation of Constructivism is theorizing about
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The normative and ideological impact on political actors
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Q9:For Constructivists, actors/agents (people and states) are atomistic rational actors, NOT inherently social and a product of social relationships.
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False
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Q9:Realists rely on static definitions of "national interests" to explain state behavior, but Constructivists (like Finnemore) contend that state action is motivated more by
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Changing international norms
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Q9:Constructivists (like Wendt) believe that neorealism's assumptions about international anarchy are
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Socially constructed and subjective
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Q9: According to constructivist theory, states and individuals are subject to structural determinism.
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False
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Q9:Constructivists believe that positivist theory is a firm foundation upon which we can base our explanations of reality.
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False
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Q9:Constructivists criticize neorealist views of the state for
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privileging the authority of the state above all other actors.???
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Q9:Constructivists embrace only the Hobbesian view of anarchy as a jungle-like environment.
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False
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Q9:Constructivists have criticized "rationalists/positivists" for being wrongheaded or misguided about
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All of the above (Ontological issues Methodological questions Normative assumptions)
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Q9:Constructivist theories of international relations are
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Ideational approaches to theorizing about identity and interest
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Q10:Our assumptions about the essence of things in general are referred to as
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ontology
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Q10:the current world order is assumed by Critical Theorists to be
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not natural, necessary, or historically invariable
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Q10For Critical Theorists, human observation and theory are subject to
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our inability to be completely independent of the world around us
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Q10Post-structuralism embraces
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Neither A nor B ( The Enlightenment view of scientific progress OR The Behavioralists' "scientific method")
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Q10The built-in bias of Neorealism and Neoliberalism toward stability and maintaining the status quo is viewed by Critical Theorists as
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typical of a problem-solving, technical approach to IR Theory
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Q10 Self-reflection and probing the origins of knowledge are rejected by Critical Theorists in favor of rational accounts of International Relations.
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False
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Q10Marxist ambitions of not just offering an alternative interpretation of the world, but also seeking to change the world are central to Critical Theory.
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True
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Q10A major focus of Critical Theorists is
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interpretation of observation
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Q10Phenomenology focuses on the interpretive understanding of human observation of the world around us.
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True
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Q10Critical Theory
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Only B and C (emphasizes the subjectivity of human inquiry rejects the notion of value-free social science)
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Q10Critical Theorists reject as utopian concerns about
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None of the above (universalizing certain moral and political principles reducing material inequality in the world respecting ethnic and cultural differences)
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Q10: On the Voluntarism-Determinism continuum, Critical Theorists
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fall on the Voluntarist extreme
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Q 10: A major goal of Critical Theory is to
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emancipate us from unjust social and economic structures
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Q10: critical Theorists are not concerned with exposing ideological claims presented as objective theoretical explanations.
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False
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Q10:"Theory is always for someone and for some purpose" highlights the
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need to critically scrutinize the ideological foundations of all theories
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Q11: From a feminist perspective, gender permeates social life, and has profound but often unnoticed effects on international relations.
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True
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Q11: Feminist perspectives on international organizations argue that
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these institutions reflect the norms and interests of hegemonic groups
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Q11: Feminists' concerns about gender inequality are in line with the concerns that critical theorists have about the notion of security.
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True
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Q11: Gender is a set of
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socially and culturally constructed identities
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Q11: Liberal or empirical feminists seek to bring in a gendered perspective by
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All of the above (accounting for women's participation in international relations identifying ways to overcome barriers to women's underrepresentation including women in national security/"high politics" policy making circles)
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Q11: The theoretical assumption that gender identities are natural or part of human nature (i.e., are not socially constructed)
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Only A and C (perpetuates the status quo in existing international power relations AND is rejected by feminist international relations theory)
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Q11: Feminists criticize international system beliefs that are masculine-biased as well as those that are gender-neutral.
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True
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Q11: Some feminists (radical feminists) argue that
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Only A and C (affirmative action alone will not solve the problem of gender bias in IR AND the basic class/patriarchy structures in society must be changed)
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Q11: From a feminist perspective
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states are just as likely to threaten human security as they are to enhance it
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Q11: For feminists, social relations are a key unit of analysis for explaining
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unequal power relationships
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Q11: Many feminists prefer historical or interpretive understandings of gender roles rather than methodologies which claim that facts are neutral.
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True
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Q 11: The realist rational, unitary, power-maximizing state perspective
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marginalizes a gendered analysis
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Postmodern feminists, contrary to liberal and radical feminists, embrace the idea that women are a homogeneous group, and accepting a uniform gendered perspective will undermine the masculine domination of IR.Q11:
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False
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Q 11:Mainstream structural theories of IR are embraced by some feminist theorists as adequate explanations of the human experience.
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False
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