question

______ is not addressed in the constitution. _________ involvement in functioning of schools through the institutions and agencies has increased in recent decades.

answer

education. federal government's.

question

overview of american public school governance=

answer

federal government>state government> school district> school

question

almost every presidential candidate in the 20th century included ____ in their platform.

answer

education.

question

US department of Education: served in an ________ with little impact on public schools, ______ was the first president to experience the department as a cabinet-level agency, influence of the ______ has steadily increased.

answer

advisory capacity. Reagan. US dept. of education.

question

_______ worked vigorously toward achieving the objectives of Goal 2000-an ambitious list of goals for students in public schools.

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Bill Clinton.

question

______ discussed the No child left behind act.

answer

george w bush.

question

______ declared his commitment to education in his inaugural address- committed to providing every child access to a complete and competitive education. also ________-invests heavily in education, both as a way to provide jobs now and to prepare for the future. Race to the Top grant.

answer

Obama. American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.

question

______ passed many laws regarding education. ____ have made ruling regarding education. bilingual education act, education for all handicapped children act, no cild left behind act.

answer

US congress. courts.

question

__________-chosen and appointed by the president, making the position political. influence policies established by the department. funding provided to schools by the federal government is distributed in the form of assistance to implement approved programs and to conduct educational research.

answer

US department of education.

question

____ choose whether to comply with the US department of education. _____ withholds funds from states and their schools when they choose not to comply.

answer

states. federal government.

question

governors, legislators, and judges, as well as state boards, state departments, and state superintendents, have much influence on _____. FIGURE 11.3.

answer

public schools.

question

______-executive authority. his attitude toward education has influences on polices and laws. they appoint the superintendent and members of the state boards.

answer

governors.

question

________-serves as the collective voice of the nation's governors. describes policy options for states, identifies how states cope with dilemmas pertaining to education, helps governors establish and maintain quality education, and counsels them on how to work effectively with state legislatures.

answer

National governor's association (NGA)

question

____-law making authority. they determine state laws that affect public education. how state chief officers of education and state board members are elected, responsibilities of state-level school officials, how taxes are used to support schools, the general direction of curriculum, the length of the school day and year, aspects of teacher employment, retirement, and collective bargaining. no requirement for educational background or experience.

answer

legislatures.

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______-uphold and interpret laws. hear arguments and make decisions about school compliance with state laws that are often written in broad terms.

answer

state courts.

question

almost every state has a _________-it is composed of seven to nine volunteers who are either elected or appointed by the governor.

answer

state board of education.

question

______ act in regulatory and advisory capacities.

answer

state boards.

question

state board of education: make major decisions concerning public schools:

answer

set goals and approve standards and assessments, establish standards by with schools are accredited, advise the governor and legislature on educational issues, make may of the decisions about how state funds are used, represent and report to the public on issues, serve as the governing body of the state department of education (national association of state boards of education)

question

______-operates under the guidance of the governor, legislature, and state board of education. most who hold nonclerical positions within the department are professional educators. exception, the ____ or ____ is likely to be either publicly elected or a political appointee and may not be a professional educator.

answer

state department of education. chief state officer. state superintendent.

question

_______-responsibility for managing the state department of education. either elected or appointed. position is both public and political. in charge of the bureaucracy that is usually centralized in the state's capital city and travels the state as the acknowledged authority on how schools operate and are assessed for effectiveness.

answer

state superintendent of education.

question

state department of education responsibilities-

answer

teacher certification, curriculum standards and accountability, instruction, special education, school levels, technology, charter schools, teacher professional development, state budget funds, communication and public relations, collection and reporting of school data, may also take over the operation of a school or school district if deemed unsatisfactory.

question

______-an organizational structure of local schools defined by geographic boundaries.

answer

school district.

question

______-director of budget, food services, transportation, personnel, staff, development, building administrators, curriculum, instruction, assessment, special programs, special education.

answer

associate superintendent.

question

school districts have at least one _________ of schools. like early childhood/elementary schools that feed into middle schools that feed into a particular high school.

answer

feeder system.

question

there is over ______ districts in the US. it was higher but officials realized it was more efficient to combine small districts and share services and administration.

answer

15000.

question

________ districts- have the advantage of accessibility. teachers feel as though they can be heard in policy matters. parents often sense a distinct connection with faculty.

answer

small and medium.

question

______ districts- advantage of availability of numerous services and specialists to oversee the many aspects of life in school.

answer

large.

question

each district has a _____ and a _______ who function as leads of central administration.

answer

school board. superintendent.

question

_____-unique american institutions composed of elected citizens who volunteer. this type of governance originated in the colonies and in the common school movement. most members are non educators and receive little or no compensation.

answer

district school boards.

question

district school board members: over ___ have or had children who live in the district. about ____ have been teachers at some point. ____ say that their districts provide safe environments for teachers and students. ___ say that parents in their districts are not wiling to serve on the school board. ___ have lived in their community more than 5 years. ____ say they will continue to live in their districts indefinitely.

answer

90%. 25%. 96%. 92%. 92%. 88%. 90%.

question

_____-boters may note for any candidate regardless of the area in the district the candidate represents.

answer

at large elections.

question

____-only those who live in a specific area can vote for the representative in their area. has the potential to elect more representative school board members because neighborhoods are more lily to have candidates and voters who share ethnicity and socioeconomic status.

answer

single-member elections.

question

often ________ and especially those elected in an at large system, are not representative of the files of many students in the US.

answer

district school board members.

question

_________ members are responsible for setting policies that affect the operation of schools.

answer

district school board.

question

5 biggest confers of school board members:

answer

funding, student achievement, teacher quality, improving technology, special education.

question

other responsibilities of school board members:

answer

decide how much money will be spent on teacher salaries, facility improvement, and instructional materials. hire and fire personnel. approve and evaluate programs that may affect some or all schools, teacher and students within the district. make curricular decisions within state guidelines. determine organizational policy.

question

school board and the public: members are easy targets for both oral and written ________ by the community.

answer

chastisement.

question

an ongoing challenge for the school board is to be both ______ and _______.

answer

accountable. transparent.

question

______-functions as the school districts chief executive officer. hired by the board and serves at its pleasure, which means they can be dismissed. advises the board and carries out its polices.

answer

district superintendent.

question

_____-oversees every aspect of school life and is responsible for all that occurs at the school.

answer

principal.

question

______-have the ability to make positive suggestions and model practices that enhance student learning. focuses teachers on improved learning for all students.

answer

instructional leader.

question

______-the most effective principals build leadership capacity in teachers and others who are sincerely interested in student learning.

answer

site-based management.

question

principals who build leadership capacity in teachers and others: develop a shared vision based on _________, insist that _____ is at the center of the conversation, protect and interpret community values, and more.

answer

community values. students learning.

question

______ is a form of local school governance that puts much of the decision- making power in the hands of teachers, family, and the community.

answer

site-based management.

question

________-may have one or many. teachers often work closely with assistant principals.

answer

assistant principals.

question

______-meaning that a teacher has taken on additional responsibilities such as chairperson of a grade level of teacher os perhaps a subject area specialist who works with other teachers to help them improve their knowledge or skills.

answer

teacher leaders.

question

_____-influential in the lives of their own children and, if they are informed and involved in schools can make a positive difference in the lives of many children.

answer

parents.

question

_____-invovled in the payment of small annual dues.

answer

Parent Teacher Association (PTA)

question

_____-large businesses an their CEO are increasingly becoming involved in education summits. organized meetings to advocate for school improvement.

answer

businesses.

question

_______-a group of people join together with a common mission and work to have an impact. ex. parents of children with special needs.

answer

special interest groups.

question

_____-keep an eye on school district accountability by examining policies and practices.

answer

watchdog groups.

question

public schools are not truly _____. parents pay fees for specific items as well as grade level fees. they are also asked to supply certain materials each school year.

answer

free.

question

most of the funding for public schools comes from _____(8.8%), _____ (48,6%), and _____(42.7%) governments.

answer

federal, state, local.

question

______-contributions to education only account for 2% of the US budget. the money is allocated as _____. these categorical grants and other grants are referred to as _____.

answer

federal funding. categorical grants. entitlements.

question

Reagan changed categorical grants to _____-provide funding with few restrictions for its use. allows states and districts the freedom to use the money in ways that meet their specific needs.

answer

block grants.

question

state money for schools is raised through ____. some money comes from the state lottery. state income tax, state corporate tax, state sales tax, encase tax, sin tax.

answer

taxes.

question

____-tax on luxury items such as boats.

answer

encise tax.

question

___-items some consider vices, alcohol, and cigarettes.

answer

sin tax.

question

______-primarily property taxes. almost all states imposted a ____ on local property taxes.

answer

local funding. tax cap.

question

the amount spent on each student, the expenditure per pupil, varies greatly form ____ to ___.

answer

state. state.

question

the average expenditure per pupil has continually increased. US average is about ______ per student.

answer

10,000$

question

over half of the money spend on public education goes for expenses related to _____. the rest is spent on support services, including administration, facilities, and transportation.

answer

classroom instruction.

EDCI 2030 ch. 11 – Flashcards

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