CSC Chapter 3 – Flashcards
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Software
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refers to the electronic instructions that govern a computer's actions in order to provide a computing service.
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system software
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assists computer hardware with the work it is designed to do. Examples include operating systems and antivirus software
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Application Software 2
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assists people with work and activities that people do. Examples include spreadsheet software and social media software.
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Software development
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is the systematic process of transforming a software idea into functional software.
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Software Development Life Cycle (S.D.L.C.)
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a five-stage process that begins with requirements analysis, proceeds to the design stage, and is followed by implementation, verification (testing), and maintenance
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(S.D.L.C.)
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is sometimes referred to as the waterfall model because development flows from one stage to the next.
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Requirements
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Requirements analysis is the process of transforming an abstract description into a concise and complete list of input requirements and a full description of how the software should behave from the user's perspective.
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Design
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Tools such as flowcharts and pseudocode may be used to create an algorithm for processing the input to create the desired output.
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Implementation
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the detailed software specification is translated into actual programming code, using a programming language.
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Verification
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may use in-house alpha testing and external beta testing to expose errors in the code.
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Maintenance
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refers to repairs or enhancements to software that are applied after the software has been formally released.
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Computer Programming, or coding
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is the process of creating software through the use of logic, algorithms, and programming languages.
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Program Code
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is the set of statements that instruct the CPU to perform circuit-switching operations
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Computer Programmers or coders
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people who write or create the instructions or statements that become complete software programs.
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Programming Languages
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All software, including system software and application software, is written using coding schemes
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Integrated Development Environment (I.D.E.)
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Combines all of the above tools and provides other helpful features
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Variables
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named storage for specific types of data
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Strings
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a collection of characters
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Arrays
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a collection of variables
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Arithmetic operations
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The ability to carry out math equations with variables
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Comparison operations
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The ability to compare data using comparison operators
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Conditional statements
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The ability to choose different operations depending on a condition
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Iteration
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The ability to repeat an operation as long as a condition remains true
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Object-oriented programming (OOP)
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the dominant programming paradigm, data, instructions, and other programming procedures are grouped together, or encapsulated, in reusable objects.
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Compiler
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takes source code—a program written in a programming language—and produces object code, which contains an executable file and supportive files, as output
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interpreter
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rather than a compiler to create object code.
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application programming interface (API)
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a set of programming tools specifically designed for developing apps for a particular platform
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software development kit, or SDK,
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a programming environment designed to write software for a particular computing platform.
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System software
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is any software that coordinates the activities of the hardware and assists the computer in functioning safely, effectively, and efficiently.
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Software Platform
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The hardware configuration of the computer system combined with the particular operating system in use
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The boot process, also known as booting, booting up, or bootstrapping,
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is the sequence of instructions in the BIOS that is executed when a computer is powered on to check the system and load the operating system into memory.
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operating system (OS)
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is a set of computer programs that runs or controls the computer hardware, and acts as a user interface.
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Device Driver
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software that is installed for each device connected to a PC, which allows the OS to communicate with that device.
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user interface (UI)
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allows one or more people to have access to and command of a computer system or computer software.
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command-based user interface
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requires that commands be typed at a prompt in order to perform basic tasks.
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graphical user interface (GUI)
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uses a keyboard and mouse, touch screen, joystick, or other pointing device to manipulate graphics images on the display to issue commands to the computer system
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File management
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refers to the physical and logical storage system and practices provided for managing data on a computer.
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logical view
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data is the way a user thinks about data—for example, C:/Documents/Homework/report.doc.
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Microsoft Windows
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is the most popular operating system for personal computers.
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Mac OS
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is the native operating system for Apple PCs.
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Linux
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is a free, open-source operating system for PCs, servers, and other types of computers.
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Virtual machine software, also referred to as virtualization software
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allows one operating system to run on top of another by creating a virtual machine on which the guest operating system can run.
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Virtual machine (VM)
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software is useful for users who wish to run more than one operating system on a computer.
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Mobile operating systems
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are lightweight operating systems designed for mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets.
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Proprietary operating system
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Owned and kept private by the handset manufacturer. Software is installed on devices at the discretion of the manufacturer.
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Proprietary operating system with software development kit (SDK)
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Owned by the handset manufacturer, but an SDK is provided to allow developers to develop software for the OS. The software may or may not be vetted by the handset manufacturer.
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Open operating system
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Follows the open-source model, making the OS source code available to handset manufacturers and software developers.
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Industrial operating systems
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control large networked systems and servers.
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Embedded operating systems, or just embedded systems,
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are hardwired into a computer component, such as ROM or flash memory, to control a special-purpose computer.
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real-time operating system (RTOS)
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is an operating system that has time constraints placed on its functionality:
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Utility software
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is any system software besides the OS that assists in maintaining, managing, and protecting computer system resources.
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Application software
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consists of programs written to perform tasks or solve problems for people, groups, and organizations.
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Collaborative software
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is any software that facilitates group collaboration within the software.
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gadget or widget
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is a small application that is conveniently accessible from the computer or mobile desktop
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Business software
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is any software designed to assist individuals and groups to be more productive at work and is often used in reference to software suites that include word processing, spreadsheet, database, and presentation software.
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software suite
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is a collection of applications sold together as a package.
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Word processing software
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allows users to create formatted text documents varying in complexity from simple notes to professional magazine layouts.
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Spreadsheet software
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supports complicated numerical analysis and calculations, and allows users to perform "what-if" analysis on financial and other numeric data.
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Presentation software
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supports formal presentations by providing "slides" that can accompany and embellish a live presentation or present the material without the use of a human speaker.
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Database software
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is used to store, manipulate, and manage data in order to find and present useful information.
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Personal software
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is any software designed for personal benefit, including home management, entertainment, and education.
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Home & Financial Management
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Do-it-yourself help, home inventory, parenting, landscape design, gardening, home improvement, personal finance, budgeting, tax returns, pet care, cooking
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Relationships and Communication
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Mapping ancestry, finding old friends and classmates, meeting new friends, dating, wedding planning, crisis support, social media, and a host of Internet communications
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Educational
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Free online courses, youtube.com/edu, reference, libraries, books, music lessons
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Entertainment
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Television, movies, music, games, and other digital media
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Health & Fitness
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Health monitoring, diet, exercise programs, medical information, spiritual practice, psychological analysis, and support
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Leisure and Travel
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Weather reports, local night life, travel planning, flight reservations
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Mobile apps
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are software that is designed for smart phones and tablets.
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Geographically sensitive applications
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are popular on smart phones due to their mobile nature and GPS capabilities.
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Managing software
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refers to activities required to acquire, install, maintain, and remove software from a computer system.
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Acquiring software
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refers to the several methods by which software can be purchased or accessed, including packaged software, downloaded software, cloud apps, and custom designed software.
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Software licensing
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defines the permissions, rights, and restrictions assigned to the person who purchases a copy of software.
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copyright
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defines exclusive rights legally granted to the owner.
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Single-user license
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Permits the user to install the software on one or sometimes two computers used by one person—typical for software on PCs
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Multiuser license
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Specifies the number of users allowed to install the software on their computers
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Concurrent user license
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Designed for network-distributed software; specifies the number of users that can use it concurrently (at the same time)
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Site license
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Permits the software to be used anywhere and by everyone on a particular site, such as a college campus
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Creative Commons
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license is designed to grant certain freedoms to users, while providing the creators of intellectual property with some control and the ability to profit from distribution of the work.
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Freeware
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is software that is made available to the public for free.
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Open-source software
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is distributed, typically for free and with the source code so that it can be studied, changed, and improved by its users.
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General Public License (GPL).
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. Much of the popular open-source software in use today is protected by the GNU
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Installing software
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is the process by which software is added to a computer so that it is available for use.
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Maintaining software
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involves applying software updates to correct software bugs, improve the software, or add new features.
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Software bugs
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consist of one or more defects that prevent the software from working as intended or working at all.
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Uninstalling software
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refers to the process of completely removing software from a computer.
