question

The adult years are difficult to divide into discrete periods because

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the timing of important milestones varies greatly among individuals.

question

Biological aging

answer

is under way in early adulthood.

question

The _______________ theory of aging receives some support from kinship studies indicating that longevity is a family trait.

answer

genetically programmed

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Noras grandfather lived to be 87, and her father is still alive at the age of 98. Nora concludes that longevity is inherited and anticipates a very long life. Nora should know that

answer

rather than inheriting longevity directly, people probably inherit risk factors that influence their chances of dying earlier or later.

question

According to the random events theory of biological aging,

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DNA in body cells is gradually damaged through spontaneous or externally caused mutations.

question

Which of the following statements about the random events theory of biological aging is true?

answer

Animal studies confirm an increase in DNA breaks and deletions and damage to other cellular material with age.

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One probable cause of age-related DNA and cellular abnormalities is

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the release of free radicals.

question

In the chemistry of aging, a free radical is a

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naturally occurring, highly reactive chemical that forms in the presence of oxygen.

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ree radicals are thought to be involved in

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disorders of aging.

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A _____ will probably display the slowest rate of free-radical damage to DNA.

answer

human

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Dr. Rodin is conducting a study on environmental factors that contribute to telomere length. Dr. Rodin can expect to find that telomere shortening

answer

predicts earlier death.

question

_____ can cause telomeres to lengthen.

answer

Telomerase

question

Which of the following is true about telomere length?

answer

Persistent psychological stress is linked to telomere shortness.

question

When adults make positive lifestyle changes, telomeres

answer

respond by lengthening.

question

According to the cross-linkage theory of aging, bonds between protein fibers in connective tissue can lead to

answer

loss of flexibility in the skin and clogging of arteries.

question

In adults, a gradual drop in growth hormone is associated with

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loss of muscle and bone mass.

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Jay wants to protect the health of his endocrine system. The safest approach for Jay is

answer

a healthy diet and physical activity.

question

Decreased vigor of the immune response seems to be

answer

genetically programmed, but intensified by other aging processes.

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Physical changes in early adulthood are usually

answer

so gradual that most are hardly noticeable.

question

Which of the following individuals has a higher risk of hypertension and heart disease?

answer

Sharese, an African-American female

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In healthy individuals, the hearts ability to meet the bodys oxygen requirements under typical conditions

answer

does not change during adulthood.

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Darlene has heavy deposits of plaque containing cholesterol and fats collected on the walls of her main arteries. Darlene has

answer

atherosclerosis.

question

When an adult suffers from atherosclerosis, it typically develops

answer

early in life and progresses during middle adulthood.

question

_____ may heighten the effects of a high-fat diet.

answer

Sex hormones

question

Yao is 45 years old. How has the maximum vital capacity of his lungs changed from when he was 25?

answer

It has decreased by about 20 percent.

question

Professor Turner is interested in studying the upper biological limit of motor capacity. Professor Turner will likely study

answer

outstanding athletes.

question

Which of the following motor skills will probably peak earliest in life?

answer

speed of limb movement

question

The upper biological limit of motor capacity is reached in the

answer

first part of early adulthood.

question

Which of the following athletes skills will probably peak latest in life?

answer

Rolf, a long-distance runner

question

The immune response is the combined work of specialized cells that neutralize or destroy _________ in the body.

answer

antigens

question

_____ originate in the bone marrow, mature in the thymus, and attack foreign substances directly.

answer

T cells

question

Which of the following best illustrates the relationship between stress and the immune system?

answer

Jenny has a nagging cold throughout semester finals.

question

The most important cause of the age-related drop in female fertility is

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a decline in the number and quality of ova.

question

In males, semen volume, sperm motility, and percentage of normal sperm decrease gradually after age

answer

35

question

_____ show(s) strong and continuous relationships with almost every disease and health indicator.

answer

Income, education, and occupational status

question

Which of the following is true about the relationships among SES, education, and health?

answer

Economically advantaged individuals sustain better health over most of their adult lives.

question

Which of the following may explain why SES disparities in health and mortality are larger in the United States than in other industrialized nations?

answer

Besides the lack of universal health insurance, poverty-stricken U.S. families have lower incomes.

question

Most Americans eat

answer

because it is time to do so.

question

When overweight and obesity rates are combined, ____ percent of Americans are considered to be at an unhealthy weight.

answer

67

question

In the United States,

answer

many people show large weight gains between the ages of 25 and 40.

question

Nadine, an average-weight adult, gained a small amount of weight between the ages of 25 and 50. Nadine should know that

answer

this is a normal part of aging, resulting from a drop in basal metabolic rate.

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Compared with people of normal weight, obese individuals are more likely to be

answer

denied apartment rentals and college loans.

question

Marleen, an obese adult, lost 20 pounds over the course of a year. Within the next two years, she is most likely to

answer

gain back 20 or more pounds.

question

Dwayne, an obese adult, wants to lose weight and keep it off. His weight loss program should include

answer

use of social support.

question

Family and friends can help a dieter by

answer

offering encouragement and helping foster the dieters self-esteem.

question

U.S. national dietary recommendations include reducing dietary fat to _____ percent of total caloric intake.

answer

30

question

_____ fat generally comes from meat and dairy products and is solid at room temperature.

answer

Saturated

question

The main reason for limiting saturated fats is that they are strongly connected with

answer

cardiovascular disease.

question

When it comes to dietary fat, the best suggestion is

answer

to eat less fat of all kinds.

question

About 40 percent of Americans engage in

answer

no regular brief sessions of even light activity.

question

Regular physical activity is linked to

answer

reduced incidence of cancer.

question

Which of the following is true about exercise?

answer

It produces high-density lipoproteins that help remove LDLs.

question

In the United States, drug taking peaks around ages

answer

19 to 22.

question

The most commonly abused substances in the United States are

answer

cigarettes and alcohol.

question

Which of the following is true about cigarette smoking?

answer

Most smokers picked up their habit before age 21.

question

Alcoholism is a more common problem in cultures where alcohol is

answer

a carefully controlled sign of adulthood.

question

Which of the following statements about alcohol use in adulthood is true?

answer

About half of police activities in large cities involve alcohol-related offenses.

question

The most successful treatment for alcoholism

answer

combines counseling, group support, and aversion therapy.

question

At the end of high school, about 65 percent of U.S. young people have had sexual intercourse; by age 25, ________ have done so.

answer

nearly all

question

Sexual partners, whether dating, cohabiting, or married, tend to be

answer

similar in age and education.

question

Ann Marie has begun visiting matchmaking websites. She should know that

answer

18 percent of online ties that evolve into offline relationships last for more than a year.

question

Contemporary men and women

answer

differ little in average number of lifetime sexual partners.

question

When adults of any age are asked how many sexual partners they have had in the past year, the usual reply is

answer

one.

question

Researchers have found that satisfying sex generally involves

answer

an emotionally fulfilling relationship.

question

Which statement most accurately reflects the sentiments of most Americans toward gay men, lesbians, and bisexuals?

answer

Most Americans support civil liberties and equal employment opportunities for gays, lesbians, and bisexuals.

question

Which of the following is true about research on homosexuality?

answer

There is limited information about the sex lives of homosexuals because about 30 percent of same-sex couples do not report themselves as such in surveys.

question

Homosexuals tend to live in

answer

college towns.

question

The majority of rape victims are __________, and the abusers are __________.

answer

under age 30; men they know well

question

Which of the following is an accurate statement about sexual coercion?

answer

People of all SES and ethnic groups are offenders and victims.

question

Which of the following is true about female-initiated coercive sexual behavior against men?

answer

Victims report that women who committed these acts often threatened to end a relationship unless the victim complied.

question

Which of the following is true about rape prevention and treatment?

answer

Practically no services are available for victimized men, who are often too embarrassed to come forward.

question

Cross-cultural studies find that premenstrual syndrome is

answer

equally common all over the world.

question

A strong cardiovascular response, interference with immune system functioning, and reduced digestive activity are all symptoms of

answer

psychological stress.

question

Compared with _________ adults, ________ adults show a stronger cardiovascular response to stress.

answer

higher-SES; low-SES

question

_____ adults are better than _____adults at coping with stress.

answer

Middle-aged; young

question

Which of the following is true about cognitive development in early adulthood?

answer

The cognitive changes of early adulthood are supported by further development of the cerebral cortex, especially the frontal lobes.

question

According to some researchers, cognitive development continues beyond Piagets formal operational stage to the ____________ level.

answer

postformal thought

question

Bryson and his co-workers are developing a new sales strategy. When Brysons conclusions differ radically from the rest of the team, he considers the justifiability of his conclusions and revises them slightly. Bryson is engaged in

answer

epistemic cognition.

question

Younger students who divide information, values, and authority into right and wrong or good and bad engage in

answer

dualistic thinking.

question

In college, Edward came to the realization that his own beliefs were often subjective. He noted that his roommate, who held vastly different beliefs from his own, had his own truth. Edward was engaged in

answer

relativistic thinking.

question

Karen considered two theories she studied in her college philosophy course. She determined that neither theory was entirely accurate, and she tried to formulate a more satisfying perspective that synthesized contradictions. Karen was engaged in

answer

commitment within relativistic thinking.

question

With the birth of Brendas first child, she felt more fulfilled than ever before. However, she also acknowledged feelings of concern and fear over being able to meet all of her parental responsibilities while maintaining personal happiness and satisfaction. Brendas thinking reflects

answer

cognitive-affective complexity.

question

Once attained, __________ has a profound impact on information processing.

answer

expertise

question

Which of the following is true about creativity in adulthood?

answer

Creativity is a function of career age, not chronological age.

question

Jim is a musician, Joy is an artist, and Danielle is a scientist. Which of the following statements is probably true?

answer

Danielle's creativity will peak later than that of the other two.

question

Which of the following statements is true?

answer

Creativity demands both time and energy.

question

From the freshman to the senior year of college, most students

answer

become better at reflecting on the quality of their thinking.

question

_____ is one of the most consistent predictors of cognitive change in students during the college years.

answer

Residence hall living

question

Which student is most at risk for dropping out of college?

answer

Ian, a freshman at a school with open enrollment

question

Colleges that __________ have a higher percentage of dropouts.

answer

do little to help high-risk students

question

Eight-year-old Marcie is involved in community theater. She fantasizes about starring in a Broadway musical. Marcies desire to be an actress

answer

will probably bear little relation to the vocational decisions that she will eventually make.

question

During the _________ period of vocational development, individuals think about careers in terms of their interests, and later in terms of their abilities and values.

answer

tentative

question

During the realistic period of vocational development, the first step is often ________ and the final phase is ________________.

answer

exploration; crystallization

question

Max enjoys working with ideas; Madison is emotional and has a high need for individual expression. According to Hollands six personality types, Max is __________ and Madison is __________.

answer

investigative; artistic

question

Bill is persuasive and adventurous. Bella prefers working with objects. According to Hollands six personality types, Bill is __________ and Bella is __________.

answer

enterprising; realistic

question

Alan likes well-structured tasks and values material possessions. Alecia prefers working with people. According to Hollands six personality types, Alan is __________ and Alecia is __________.

answer

conventional; social

question

Young peoples vocational aspirations correlate strongly with their

answer

parents jobs.

question

Francine is preparing to become an oncologist. Which of the following is most likely to have influenced her vocational choice?

answer

having a close relationship with her high school science teacher

question

Which of the following is true about gender stereotypes in vocational choice?

answer

A reason for women's attraction to male-dominated careers is a change in gender-role attitudes.

question

Which of the following women is most likely to thrive in a nontraditional career?

answer

Raelynne, whose three aunts have successfully dealt with familycareer role conflict

question

American employers regard recent high school graduates as

answer

poorly prepared for skilled business occupations.

question

Troy is an American high school graduate who chose not to go on to college. He is likely to

answer

be working in a low-paid, unskilled job.

question

Which of the following is true about Germany's work-study apprenticeship system?

answer

Students spend two years of compulsory education combining courses with an apprenticeship.

question

Which of the following is true about men who enter traditionally female-dominated careers, compared to their traditional career counterparts?

answer

They are more interested in working with people.

question

Chris is a male nurse. Because of his male minority status in the nursing field,

answer

his co-workers may assume that he is more knowledgeable than he actually is.

HDFS 2400 – Chapter 13 – Flashcards

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