Motivation and Emotion Theories – Flashcards
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Instinct
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people are motivated by biologically determined internal forces
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Drive-Reduction
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proposes that a need produces a drive and people act in order to reduce these drives
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Needs
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explains motivation by understanding 3 specific needs (nAch, nAff, and nPow)
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Arousal
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people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal or tension
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Incentive
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people's actions are determined by the rewards for their behaviors
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Self-determination
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there are 3 inborn and universal needs that humans work to satisfy (autonomy, competence, and relatedness)
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Yerkes-Dodson Law
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states that there is an optimal level of arousal for the best performance of any task; the more complex the task, the lower the level of arousal that can be tolerated before performance deteriorates
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Common Sense
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a stimulus causes a particular emotion to occur which then leads to a particular physiological response
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James-Lange
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a stimulus leads to a particular physiological response which then leads to the subjective experience of an emotion
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Cannon-Bard
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the physical and subjective experience of emotions occur at the same time
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Cognitive Arousal
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after a stimulus occurs our body has a physical reaction and we make cognitive appraisal of the situation
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Facial Feedback Hypothesis
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assumes that facial expressions provide feedback to the brain regarding the emotion being expressed and can then intensify or even cause the emotion
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Cognitive-Mediational
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following a stimulus, we engage in a cognitive appraisal for the situation which then triggers a subjective experience of an emotion followed by a physiological response
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Intrinsic Motivation
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A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake
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Extrinsic Motivation
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a motivation to take actions that are not themselves rewarding but that lead to reward
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Primary Drives
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those drives that involve needs of the body such as hunger and thirst
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Secondary Drives
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drives that are learned or acquired through experience, such as the drive to achieve monetary wealth
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Need for Achievement
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desire for accomplishment, mastery of people, ideas, things, desire for reaching a high standard
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Need for Affiliation
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desire to associate with others, to be part of a group, to form close and intimate relationships
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Need for Power
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the desire to control, influence, or be responsible for other people
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Peak Experiences
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according to Maslow, times in a person's life during which self-actualization is temporarily achieved
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C. Motivation
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Process by which activities are started, directed and sustained to meet a person's wants is called ______. A. Drive B. Incentive C. Motivation D. Instinct
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D. Instinctive Approach
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Liz picked out "her" desk on the first day of class. But in the second class period, someone is sitting in "her" chosen seat. Liz's territorial attitude about the desk and her negative feeling towards the "interloper" sitting there might best be described by which of the following? A. Extinsive Approach B. Intrinsive Approach C. Drive-Reduction Approach D. Instinctive Approach
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B. Affiliation
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People are high in the need for ______ want to be like by others and are good team players. A. Achievement B. Affiliation C. Power D. Emotion
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A. External locus of control
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Ron believes that people are just born smart or not smart, and he thinks of himself as "not smart". As a result, Ron doesn't really try all that hard to succeed in school. Dweck would say that Ron's achievement motivation is being affected by his ____. A. External locus of control B. Internal locus of control C. Need for homeostasis D. Centralized locus of control
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Incentive
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Tolman, Lewin, and Rotter's work on expectancy-values and how our beliefs and values affect our actions was developed under the _______________ approach to understanding motivation.
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Competence
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According to Ryan and Deci's self-determination theory there are three needs. The need to be able to master the challenging tasks of one's life is known as the need for
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Competence and Autonomy
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6. Zoom According to Ryan and Deci, a person's intrinsic motivation may be increased because of a combined sense of
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Maslow's hierarchy of needs
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What is a theory developed out of the humanistic approach to understanding motivation?
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Anger, Fear, Disgust, Happiness, Surprise, Sadness, and Contempt.
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What are the seven facial expressions according to Ekman?
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Facial Feedback Hypothesis
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Lisa is the lead actor in a tear-jerking play. She spends most of her time on stage "crying." Even though she feels happy and upbeat before the show, she finds that she often feels down after the show. This is an example of which emotional theory?
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Aesthetic Needs
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Chris is in his twenties and has completed college; he has satisfied his curiosity about other cultures with a trip around the world when he graduated. According to Maslow's hierarchy, which needs might he work to satisfy next?
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Drive
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A psychological tension and physical arousal present when there is a need that motivates the organism to act in order to fulfill the need and reduce the tension is a(n)
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The gymnast's arousal level is too high
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A gymnast can complete a trick on the balance beam consistently without falling in practice. However, during competition the gymnast becomes nervous, causing her to bobble and fall. According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, what is the problem?
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Achievement
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People who seek careers and hobbies that allow others to evaluate them because they like the feedback on their performance are high in the need for
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The student may become depressed because of the belief that intelligence is fixed, unchangeable, and out of his or her control.
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According to Dweck's research on achievement motivation, why might a student who has a history of bad grades be most at risk for developing learned helplessness?
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causes the same kind of physiological arousal that occurs during a strong emotional reaction.
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In Schachter and Singer's classic study of emotion, male student volunteers were injected with epinephrine, a drug that
