Criminal Justice System Ch. 10, 11, 13 – Flashcards
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What is the percentage of female inmates who have dependent children? A. 80% B. 50% C. 65% D.30%
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A. 80%
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The primary reason behind the use of prison privatization is to A. reduce costs. B. lease other properties. C. improve prison living conditions. D. eliminate overcrowding.
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A. Reduce costs
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What is the annual cost on average to provide round-the-clock health care to an elderly and ill inmate? A. $65,000 B. $25,000 C. $42,000 D. $12,000
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A. $65,000
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In order to align the healthcare facilities with the needs of the prison population, how many inmates in the California Correctional system have been ordered to be released by 2011? A. 10,000 B. 40,000 C. 90,000 D. 5,000
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B. 40,000
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The city mayor is responsible for the operations of the local jail. True or False
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False
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The U.S. jail population has doubled since the year 1983. True False
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True
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The Philadelphia Society to Alleviate the Miseries of Public Prisons was associated with which group? A. Southern Baptists B. Abolitionists C. Quakers D. Catholics
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Quakers
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While in the Eastern State Penitentiary, prisoners were kept in A. four-person cells. B. the hole. C. two-person cells. D. isolation.
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D. Isolation
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The United States has the lowest incarceration rate of any country in the world. True False
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False
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What year was the Eastern State Penitentiary established? A. 1829 B. 1827 C. 1828 D. 1830
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A. 1829
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Jails are usually operated by a county sheriff's department. True False
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True
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The decision concerning which facility an inmate will first be sent to and the inmate's security risk level is a process called A. prisoner diagnosis. B. initial placement. C. prisoner post. D. prison consultation.
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B. Initial Placement
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Privatized prisons are considered less expensive to operate than state-run prisons. True False
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True
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Which state has NOT authorized private prisons? A. Massachusetts B. Arizona C. Florida D. Ohio
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A. Massachusetts
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The Walnut Street Jail was built in which city? A. Boston B. Pittsburgh C. Philadelphia D. Atlanta
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C. Philadelphia
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Since 1983 the jail population in our nation has A. doubled. B. declined. C. tripled. D. remained constant.
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A. Doubled
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The average annual cost of housing an inmate in a state prison is approximately A. $7,500. B. $21,000. C. $15,000. D. $29,000.
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D. $29,000
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Who usually has the responsibility for operating the county jail? A. city manager B. deputy C. judge D. sheriff
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D. Sheriff
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The movement of mentally ill offenders from hospitalization to community-based care is termed A. behavioral residency. B. deinstitutionalization. C. prison coding. D. inmate placement.
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B. Deinstitutionalization
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Which offender is typically housed in a state-operated prison? A. those convicted of misdemeanors B. offenders awaiting trial C. convicted felons D. terrorist suspects
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C. Convicted Felons
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The Prison Rape Elimination Act was passed in A. 1890. B. 1965. C. 1994. D. 2003.
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D. 2003
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The term "living environment" refers to whether an inmate will be housed in A. solitary confinement. B. the hole. C. a single cell or a multiple-inmate cell. D. segregation.
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C. A single cell or a multiple-inmate cell
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What is the name of the agency responsible for the administrative oversight of federal prisons and jails? A. Department of U.S. Prisons B. Federal Bureau of Prisons C. American Prison Administration D. Federal Prison Administration
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B. Federal Bureau of Prisons
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Which correctional practice prohibited inmates from talking to other inmates? A. the congregate work system B. the silent system C. the lash D. the workshop system
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B. The Silent System
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Which American criminologist suggested that prisoners should be placed on self-contained, self-governing reservations completely isolated from society? A. Earnest Hooton B. Cesare Lombroso C. William Penn D. Jeremy Bentham
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A. Earnest Hooton
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Probation and parole officers are case workers with law enforcement powers who supervise convicted offenders in the community. True False
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True
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Federal probation and parole officers are required to have a bachelor's degree. True False
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False
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In the consolidated model of parole the board operates under the authority of the state department of corrections. True Fals
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True
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Reduction in the severity or length of an inmate's sentence is called a(n) A. commutation of sentence. B. clemency. C. parole. D. executive pardon.
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A. Commutation of Sentence
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Which of the following is not one of the five parts of the federal pretrial sentencing report? A. defendant's criminal history B. description of defendant's life style C. narrative of offense D. sentence to be imposed by the judge
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D. Sentence to be imposed by the judge
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Some probation and parole officers are authorized to carry a concealed weapon. True False
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True
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Pardons are sometimes referred to as A. parole. B. probation. C. clemency. D. illegal.
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C. Clemency
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What is the percentage of parolees who do not successfully complete parole and are returned to prison? A. 40% B. 10% C. 34% D. 22%
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D. 22%
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Who initiated a process in Boston's municipal courtroom, which later become known as probation? A. Benjamin Rush B. John Augustus C. John Howard D. Ben Franklin
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B. John Augustus
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How many pardons can a governor grant? A. There are no limitations on pardons that a governor may grant. B. ten C. two D. none in the first year in office
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A. There are no limitations on pardons that a governor may grant.
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Which of the following is not one of the five common organizational structures for state probation officers discussed in the text? A. under the state judiciary B. within the state executive branch C. within U.S. District courts D. under local courts
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C. Within U.S. District Courts
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The experiences of Augustus, Maconochie, and Crofton were very similar to the success rates of modern probation and parole programs. True False
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False
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The conditional release of a convicted offender before he or she serves any prison time is called A. parole. B. pardon. C. clemency. D. probation.
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D. Probation
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Which state passed the first probation statute? A. South Carolina B. Maine C. New York D. Massachusetts
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D. Massachusetts
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Pardon and commutation of sentence can be performed by Congress. True False
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False
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Which of the following is a role of a parole officer? A. community resource broker B. law enforcement officer C. social worker D. all of the above
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D. All of the above
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What year did John Augustus ask a judge if he could take a drunkard home and put him to work? A. 1629 B. 1930 C. 1841 D. 1778
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C. 1841
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The origin of parole based on the concept of releasing prisoners on their honor after serving a portion of their sentence, but before the maximum term, is called A. parole d'honneur. B. ticket of leave. C. mark system. D. probation.
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A. Parole D'honneur
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How much good-time credit can a federal prisoner earn annually after completion of the first year of his or her sentence? A. 100 days B. 25 days C. 54 days D. 60 days
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C. 54 days
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Who has the authority to grant a pardon or clemency? A. the president Your answer is correct.B. a state senator C. the U.S. Supreme Court D. the U.S. house and senate
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A. The President
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Who is responsible for the mark system, a forerunner of the parole system? A. Alexander Maconochie B. President George Washington C. Sir Walter Crofton D. John Augustus
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A. Alexander Maconochie
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Who is responsible for deciding whether an inmate is to receive early release? A. judge B. sheriff C. parole board D. prison warden
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C. Parole Board
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When a defendant is offered an alternative to criminal trial and a possible prison sentence, it is called a A. mandatory release. B. good-time credit. C. diversion. D. suspended sentence.
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C. Diversion
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Another term used to denote probation is A. suspended sentence. Your answer is correct.B. mandatory release. C. diversion. D. parole.
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A. Suspended Sentence
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Approximately how much does it cost to keep someone on probation for a year? A. $1,300 B. $800 C. $13,000 D. $1,000
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D. $1,000
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Bullying has been identified as a common factor associated with A. school shooters. B. poor grades. C. juvenile delinquents. D. poor parenting.
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A. School shooters
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The age in which a juvenile can be transferred to criminal court varies by state. True False
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True
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of hybrid gangs? A. The members are younger than in the past. B. The majority of the members are Caucasian. C. There are more female members than in the past. D. They are more violent than in the past.
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D. They are more violent in the past
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The DARE program targeted youth in what grades? A. third and fourth B. first and second C. kindergarten through 12th grade D. tenth and eleventh
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C. Kindergarten through 12th grade
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Which case established that juveniles do not have a constitutional right to a jury trial? A. Breed v. Jones B. Schall v. Martin C. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania D. Kent v. United States
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C. Mckeiver v. Pennsylvania
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In the 2011 The Monitoring the Future (MTF) survey by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, for the first time, high school seniors reported the use of which synthetic drug? A. LSD B. cocaine C. PCP D. marijuana
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D. Marijuana
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Which of the following sanctions cannot be given by a juvenile court? A. prison B. death penalty C. detention D. probation
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B. Death Penalty
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Colonial American courts said children under age 7 do not have the "ability to form guilty intent," or mens rea. True False
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True
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A new type of youth gang that are school based and less organized in criminal activity are known as A. comparative gangs. B. hybrid gangs. C. relative gangs. D. foster gangs.
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B. Hybrid gangs
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Which case brought forth to the Supreme Court the issue of preventive detention for juveniles? A. Breed v. Jones B. Schall v. Martin C. Kent v. United States D. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
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B. Schall v. Martin
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A strict liability crime does not require the prosecutor to prove mens rea, or criminal intent, by the perpetrator. True False
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True
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The first juvenile court was established in 1899 in the state of A. Wisconsin. B. Illinois. C. California. D. Texas.
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B. Illinois
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Which case established criteria for transferring juvenile offenders into adult court? A. Breed v. Jones B. Schall v. Martin C. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania D. Kent v. United States
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D. Kent V. United States
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Which of the following is not supported by research on the DARE program? A. It has been very effective at preventing drug use in teens. B. It may be a cause of rising drug use by juveniles. C. School funding for the program has been cut. D. There may be decreased drug-use while youth are in the program.
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A. It has been very effective at preventing drug use in teens.
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There has been a 300% increase the past 10 years in school-based incidents being referred to A. circuit court. B. teen court. C. district court. D. juvenile courts.
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D. Juvenile courts
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Which of the following is NOT a situation in which the juvenile court would assume authority over a juvenile? A. The juvenile was a status offender. B. The juvenile was mentally ill. Your answer is correct.C. The juvenile's welfare was threatened. D. The juvenile was a delinquent.
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B. The juvenile was mentally ill.
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In colonial America, a juvenile was considered to be an adult in court at what age? A. 9 B. 12 C. 14 D. 7
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C. 14
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In colonial America, the age at which one could be found able to form mens rea was age A. 5 B. 9 C. 11 D. 7
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D. 7
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Many female youth gang members have been A. gainfully employed. B. former honor roll students. C. convicted of homicide. D. sexually abused at home.
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D. Sexually abused at home
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Which of the following is not considered a model of juvenile justice classifying? A. e-combination states B. centralized states C. decentralized states D. combination states
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A. E-combination states
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Which of the following has not been a response to recent violence on school property? A. Teaching strategies for responding to shooters B. screening for weapons at school C. creating laws making schools "gun free" zones D. all of the above
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D. All of the above
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Which of the following is not an example of a status offense? A. truancy B. curfew C. burglary D. running away from home
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C. Burglary
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Prior to the Columbine High School shooting, law enforcement officers were trained to respond to school shootings in a strategy known as contain-and-wait response. True False
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True
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A status offender and a delinquent are accused of the same type of crime. True False
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False
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Which case determined that juveniles cannot be tried in both juvenile and adult courts for the same offense? A. Breed v. Jones Your answer is correct.B. Schall v. Martin C. Kent v. United States D. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
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A. Breed v. Jones
