Ch.1 – Sociology: Soc 101 – Flashcards
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What is sociology?
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The study of society and human behavior
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What is the sociological perspective or the sociological imagination?
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It challenges us to view society as an outsider would view it, therefore avoiding personal bias
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Who coined the term sociological perspective?
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C. Wright Mills
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Is the sociological perspective difficult to take?
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Yes because we are "insiders" of our society.
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Examples that give us bias include:
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Religion, Gender, Race, Age, etc.
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Socioogy falls under which division of academia?
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Social Science
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What differs Sociology from Psychology?
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Sociology studies group behavior, whereas Psychology studies individual behavior
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When studying why people are the way they are, what differentiates psychology and sociology?
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Socology looks for reasons oustide of the individual, whereas Psychology looks for reasons within the individual
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Pertaining to "Nature vs. Nurture" which do Sociologist and Psychologist discuss?
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Sociologist focus on nurture, whereas Psychology focus on nature
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How does common sense relate to Sociology?
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Sociology uses studies to prove or disprove common sense ideas.
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Who coined the term sociology?
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Aguste Comte (of France)
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Who is known for "Social Integration" and Suicide studies?
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Emile Durkheim
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What is social integration?
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The degree to which you are connectd to society.
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What relation between social integration and suicide did Durkheim discover?
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Social integration is "inversely correlated" to suicide. Higher social integration, lower suicide rate.
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What specific groups were identified to more likely commit suicide?
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Males, Protestants, Single
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Who co-wrote the Communist manifest and focused on social inequalitiy?
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Karl Marx, (of Germany)
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What are the two classes discussed in his manifest?
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Proletariat - working class, Bourgeoisie - rich wealthy class
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What solution did Karl Marx propose to fix social inequality?
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Revolution
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Who studied families, friendship networks, and gangs and considered them "Seed beds of society?"
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Charles Horton Cooley
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"As they go, so do we" refers to:
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The growth of families and friends
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What do gangs offer to members?
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Family identity, purpose, fulfilling basic functions of what a family is supposed to do.
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Define macrosociology:
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Sociology that looks at the big picture, cross-cultural studies, and beyond a country's borders
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Define microsociology:
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Sociology that looks at the smaller picture, smaller groups, and social interactions.
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Define manifest functions:
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Involve intended and recognized consequences from a certain action.
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Ex. Of Manifest functions
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Dealing with social policy such as welfare reform. Changing the time limit on welfare was to reduce the amount of people receiving welfare
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Define latent functions:
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Represent unintended or unrecognized consequences. Opposite of manifest functions.
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Ex. Of Latent functions
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If going to college is the action, the manifest function would be obtaining a degree, but the latent function would be receiving no economic gain by attending, changing degrees, or meeting a significant other.
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What is dysfunction?
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It disrupts a social system or leads to a decrease in stability.
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What are examples of dysfunctions?
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Crime, homelessness, war, poverty, unemployment, divorce, drugs and alcohol addiction.
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What is a theory?
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Explains "why questions" that deal with societal patterns and phenomenons. Explainations never apply 100% completely.
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How many theoretical perspectives are used within sociology?
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3
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What is the Functionalist Perspective?
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Macro-positive lens, emphasizes the way society is structured in order to maintain stability.
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What is the Conflict Perspective
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Macro-negative lens, assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of conflict between competing groups. Opposite of Functionalist perspective.
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What does the Conflict Perspective look for?
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Whose benefitting and whose suffering
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What are examples of Conflict Perspective groups?
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CARS - class, age, race, sex. Republicans and Democrats, Rich and Poor, Whites and Minority, Old and Young, Men and women
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Who is associated with the Conflict Perspective lens?
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Karl Marx
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What time period did Sociology become popular and which lens was popular at that time?
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1960's and Conflict Perspective was popular due to the war and civil rights acts.
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What is the Interactionist Perspective?
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Micro lens, makes generalizations regarding social interaction in order to better understand society.
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Another name for Interactionist Perspective is?
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Communication Perspective
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What are examples of Interaction Perspective lens?
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Noticing students need to raise their hands to speak, professor prompts us to speak, 1 person teaching and 90 students listening
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What can the Interaction perspective identify in society?
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Power differentials, Basic patterns of relationships, non-verbal communication.
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Which perspective does Sociology make use of?
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All three perspectives - Functionalist Perspective, Conflict Perspective, and Interactionist Perspective.
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What is a Functionalist Perspective of Sports?
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Sports allow children an organized form to release energy and instill competitiveness.
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What is a Conflict Perspective of Sports?
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Team owners benefit the most, while players exert their effort with minimal reward .
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What is a Interactionist Perspective of Sports?
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Sports often highlight teamwork and how players talk to one another with nonverbal and verbal cues.
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How many types of Sociology are there? What are they?
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3- Basic Sociology, Applied Sociology, and Clinical Sociology.
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What is Basic Sociology?
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Basic inquiry, Asks basic "Why?" questions
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What is an example of Basic Sociology?
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Poverty - Why are people poor?
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Whose involved in Basic Sociology?
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PhD doctorates
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What is Applied Sociology?
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Tries to gain solutions to societal problems.
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What is an example of Applied sociology?
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Asking - How can we reduce poverty?
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Whose involved in Applied Sociology?
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Usually same people from Basic Sociology, doctorates, who take their work to the next level. Elected politicians are given responsibility to apply solutions.
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What is Clinical Sociology?
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Dedicated to altering social relationships
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What is an example of Clinical Sociology?
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Social worker focusing on "How can I get a family's electricity back?"
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Whose involved in Clinical Sociology?
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Social workers, probation officers, etc., may or may not have a degree
