Chapter 25 Flashcard
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county
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a major unit of local government in most States
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townships
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subdivisions in many Mid-Atlantic and Midwestern States
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charter
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a basic law that gives a county some leeway in decisiding details of its own governmental structure
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ordinances
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local laws
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special districts
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an independent unit created to perform one of more related governmental functions at the local level
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regional bodies
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local government entities designed to address problems that extend beyond the boundaries of any single county or city
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list three elected officials commonly found in county government
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the county sheriff, the district attorney, and the county assessor
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what do school boards do?
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adopt budgets, negotiate with employee unions, and set many instructional and student related policies
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incorporation
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the process by which a state establishes a city as a legal body
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mayor-council government
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the oldest and still the most widely used type of city government. features an elected mayor as the chief executive and an elected council as its legislative body
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strong-mayor government
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the mayor is the chief administrative officer of the city
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weak-mayor government
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the mayor has much less formal power
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council-manager government
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a modification of the mayor-council form, is the most common form of government in California
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commission government
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simple in structure. Usually five commissioners are populary elected
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zoning
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the practice of dividing a city into a number of districts or zones, and regulating the uses to which property in each of them may be put
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metropolitan areas
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cities and the areas around
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List five municipal functions
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provide police and fire safety, build streets and sidewalks, airports, ext. they furnish public health service. operate water, ect.
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medicaid
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provides medical insurance to low-income families
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welfare
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cash assistance to the poor
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entitlement program
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anyone who met the eligibilty requirements was entitled to receive benefits
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most expensive entry in the state budget?
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education
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three main categories of services that state and local governments provide
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public safety, highways, and regulatory agencies
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sales tax
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a tax placed on the sale of various commodities
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regressive tax
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not levied according to a person's ability to pay
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income tax
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levied on the income of the individuals, ect.
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progressive tax
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the higher your income, the more tax you pay.
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assessment
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the process of determining the value of the property to be taxed
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inheritance tax
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levied on the beneficiary's share of an estate
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estate tax
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one that is levied on the full estate itself
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budget
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a financial plan for th use of public money, personnel, and property
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federal limits on taxing
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interstate and foreign commerce, the federal government and its agencies, and fourteenth amendment limitations
