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and

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Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are true then then condition becomes true. ex. (a and b) is true.

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del

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The del statement is a way to remove an item from a list given its index instead of its value: the del statement. ex. a = [-1, 1, 66.25, 333, 333, 1234.5] del a[0] a [1, 66.25, 333, 333, 1234.5]

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from

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The root of a from-import statement. The from-import statement is used to import specific objects from a module. ex. from x import y

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not

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A negation for the defined operation. ex. not(2 == 1)

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while

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The while loop continues until the expression becomes false. The expression has to be a logical expression and must return either a true or a false value. ex. while (x < 10):

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as

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Used in a 'with' statement to define the alias to assign each result of with x to. ex. with open("x.log") as x

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elif

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A conditional execution statement following an 'if'. Shorthand for an else-if. ex. if x==0: do stuff elif x==1: do more stuff

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global

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The global statement is a declaration which holds for the entire current code block. It means that the listed identifiers are to be interpreted as globals. ex. globes = 0 def glob_1(): global globes globes = 1 def glob_2(): print globes glob_1() glob_2()

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or

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Boolean operator to accept if either condition is True, return True. ex. if (1==1 or 1==2):

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with

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The with statement is used to wrap the execution of a block with functionality provided by a separate guard object (see context-managers). This allows common try-except-finally usage patterns to be encapsulated for convenient reuse. ex. with open("bzr.log") as x: data = x.read() print data

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assert

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The assert statement verifies that the expression defined resolves to true. If it does not it will raise an AssertionError with an optional expression2. ex. assert (x==1 or x==2)

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else

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When all conditional execution statements in an If, Elif block return false, the else will catch and execute. ex. if x==1: do1 elif x==2: do2 else: do3

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if

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A conditional execution statement which executes some code if a statement is True. ex. if you == x: print "whew!"

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pass

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A null operation. When this is executed nothing happens. ex. if x<0: derp() else pass

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yield

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Return a generator object(like a list or tuple) instead of a static object. ex. def direct(path): yield os.path.walk(path)

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break

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Will exit out of the 'nearest' loop. ex. while x<10: if x<0: break print x x = x+1

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except

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When a try statement fails the except catches the failure and returns. ex. while True: try: num = raw_input(int()) break except: print "Thats not an int."

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import

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The import statement initializes an external module so its functions can be used in the current environment. ex. import os print os.path("c:")

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print

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The print statement will export the argument to STDOUT. ex. print "sup"

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class

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A object that contains functions and can be instantiated. ex. class Man: def height(self): print "TALL DUDE"

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exec

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Allows for the dynamic execution of Python code. ex. test = print "Sup" exec(test)

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in

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When used with an if, allows the code to loop through all members of a generator object. ex. x = 1 if x in [1,2,3,4,5]: print "Sup"

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raise

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Used to call an exception that can be customized per situation. ex. raise Exception, "PC LOAD LETTER"

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continue

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When encountered, causes the application to skip the rest of the current loop. ex. k = [1,2,3,4,5] for x in k: if x>3: print "TOO BEEG" continue print x

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finally

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The finally statement is the cleanup function in a 'try' statement. While all of the try...except...else are executed, if an exception is raised it is parsed and printed in the finally statement. This also causes any application that is preemptively interrupted to still execute the finally statement before closing out of the loop. ex. try: d = file("herp.txt") while True: line = d.readline() if len(line) == 0: break time.sleep(2) print line, finally: d.close() print "Cleaning up your mess."

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is

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Compares the object identity of two objects. Two objects referencing the same memory location will return True, but objects that are 'equal' will not. ex. 1 == 1 1 is 1 [] == [] [] is []

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return

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Outputs the value returned by a function. This cannot be a generator object as return will only return that it is a generator function. ex. def x return 2 * 2

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def

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Define a function. ex. def testfunc(x)

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for

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Iterate through a generator object. The for specifically defines a variable to store each individual iteration as the generator counts through. ex. i = ["Hello","world!"] for x in i: print x

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lambda

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Creates an anonymous function that is not bound to a specific namespace. ex. for i in (1,2,3,4,5): a = lambda x: x * x print a(i)

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True

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Boolean true

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False

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Boolean

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None

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Null

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strings

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A string is a sequence characters which mathematical functions cannot be performed on.

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numbers

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Numbers are a sequence of numbers that math can be performed on.

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floats

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A float is a string of numbers that is equal to 32-bit storage of integers and fraction representing decimal places.

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lists

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A list is a dynamic storage of multiple variables in a single object that can be iterated. Unlike a tuple, lists can be changed after creation.

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'

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single quote

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"

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double quote

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a

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ASCII bell

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b

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ASCII backspace

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f

answer

ASCII formfeed

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n

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newline

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r

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carriage return

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t

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tab

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v

answer

vertical tab

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%d

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signed decimal

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%l

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signed decimal (same as %d)

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%u

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Signed decimal (obsolete)

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%o

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octal

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%x

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signed hex, lowercase

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%X

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signed hex, uppercase

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%e

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floating point in exponential format, lowercase

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%E

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floating oint in exponential format, uppercase

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%f

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floating point decimal format

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%F

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floating point decimal format

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%g

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floating point format. Lowercase exponential format if less than -4, decimal format otherwise

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%G

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floating point format. Uppercase exponential format if less than -4, decimal format otherwise

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%r

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String, converts using repr(), "x"

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%s

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string, converts using str(), x

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%%

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No argument converted. Results in '%' in the result

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+

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add

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-

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subtract

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*

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multiply

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**

answer

Exponentiation, 'to the power of'

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/

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divide

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//

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quotient, division without any remainder

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%

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remainder

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<

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less than

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>

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greater than

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<=

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less than or equal

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>=

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greater than or equal

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==

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comparison

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!=

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not equal to comparison

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()

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tuple

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[]

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list

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{}

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set

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@

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at (decorators)

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=

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declaration of variable

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+=

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add to the variable by argument and re-declare as the new value

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-=

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subtract from the variable by the argument and re-declare as the new value

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/=

answer

divide by the variable by the argument and redeclare as the new value

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*=

answer

multiply the variable by the argument and re-declare as the new value

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//=

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get the quotient of the variable by the argument and re-declare as the new value

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%=

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Get the remainder by dividing the variable by the argument and re-declaring it as the new value

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**=

answer

exponentiate the variable by the argument and re-declare as the new value

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