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Systematic approach learning about the environment

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Environmental science is a

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Complex, interrelated problems

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Most environmental problems result from

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Applied interdisciplinary field with an emphasis on solving problems

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In explaining your choice of an environmental science major in college to your roommate, you would probably emphasize the fact that environment science is a(n)

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Is orderly and methodical

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Ideally, science

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Proposed explanation based on observation

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The best definition of a hypothesis is a(n)

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If all insects have six legs, then butterflies have six legs

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Of the following statements and questions, which is the best example of deductive reasoning?

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Inductive reasoning

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The statement, "Since every insect I have examined so far has six legs, I conclude that all insects must have six legs." is an example of

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May have different interpretations of the same evidence

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Generally, distinguished scientists

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Open to question or new evidence

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Proof in science is always

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She put some tomatoes in the sun and some in the shade to see if the sun causes them to ripen faster

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Although your sister is not a scientist, she says that she uses scientific techniques in her everyday life. You do not believe her but she insists it is true. Which of the following examples could she use to best persuade you?

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Determine the average level of nitrogen in the water

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A group of concerned citizens are collecting water samples from a local river to detect the level of nitrogen in the water. They plan to take samples every day for a month and then will divide the sum by the number of days they sampled. What is the group trying to do?

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Determining the context of how data was gathered

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Which of the following is not an example of how statistics are used?

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Wood, jobs, and recreation for people

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Pragmatic conservationists, including Gifford Pinchot and Theodore Roosevelt, supported forest conservation in order to protect

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Beauty and wildlife habitat

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Biocentric preservationists, first led by John Muir, advocate saving natural areas for their

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Placing more emphasis on pollution problems

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Environmentalism stemming from the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring differed from earlier North American conservation perspectives by

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Global concerns

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At the end of the 20th century, what has/ have been added to environmental thinking

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Weigh evidence and draw your own conclusions

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The point of critical thinking is to learn to

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Look for evidence of the source's reliability

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In reading a claim by an atmospheric scientist that ozone depletion is not an actual environmental problem, a critical thinker would

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Decide if premises are true

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One of the first steps in critical thinking is to

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A decrease in the average number of children born to each woman

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Evidence of progress in dealing with population problems is best illustrated by

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Cause and suffer from

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The world's poorest people ______environmental degradation

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The lack of available opportunities

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Poverty is usually passed on from one generation to the next through

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Development can proceed with minimal costs to the environment

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Proponents of sustainable development argue that

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many; a specific critical factor

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There is/are usually _____tolerance limit(s) responsible for limiting the number and location of a species. However, some organisms have _____that limit(s) their distribution.

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Zone of physiological stress

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A species can withstand a narrow range of temperature. Above 100F there are no species present. In the range 97F 100F and 90F 94F there are a few species present. Below 90F there are no species present. What would you label the range of temperature from 90F to 94F for this particular species?

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Optimal range

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A species can withstand a narrow range of temperature. Above 100F there are no species present. In the range 97F 100F and 90F 94F there are a few species present. Below 90F there are no species present. What would you label the range of temperature from 95F to 96F for this particular species?

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population; physiological modifications at the individual level

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What is the difference in the adaptation of sled dog's thick coat of hair to help it withstand the cold temperatures of Arctic winters and a dog that adapts to cold temperatures in the fall by growing a thickened coat? The adaptation of the sled dog best describes adaptation at the ____level while the dog exposed to seasonal colder temperatures has______.

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Better survival or reproduction rates by individuals with a particular characteristic

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Evolution occurs as a result of

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More adapted to its environment

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Natural selection will ultimately makes a species

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Tall flowers cannot reproduce

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Regular lawn mowing selects for short-headed rather than tall-headed dandelions because

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interspecific competition

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A titmouse and a chickadee are living in the same territory and are using some of the same resources. The best way to classify this interaction is as

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Eating prey before they are "ready" (ripe) for other species

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Which of the following is not a common strategy for successful interspecific competition?

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Different ecological strategy niches for juveniles and adults

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An especially effective strategy for reducing intraspecific competition is

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Living together

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Symbiosis means

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Structure and moisture-holding ability; mutualism

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In the partnership of a lichen, the fungus provides ____and the relationship is best described as _______.

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That is can produce

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An organisms's biotic potential is the maximum number of offspring

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Overshoots

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A dieback, or population crash, often occurs after a species _____ its environmental carrying capacity

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J-Shaped curve

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In the real world, many factors determine the numbers of organisms in any one population. Yet, a SUPERFLY with unlimited food and no mortality would show what type of growth?

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The amount of biomass produced in the community

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A biological community's productivity is a measure of

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small

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In a biological community where diversity is a great, such as a tropical rainforest, the abundance of any one species is likely to be

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Species at each trophic level

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Complexity in an ecological community has to do with the number of

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Little complexity

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A community with hundreds of different types of primary producers, a few herbivores, and only one carnivore, has

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On unoccupied ground; biological community replaces another

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Primary succession occurs when a community develops _______while secondary succession occurs when one______.

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Lichens

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Which of the following are pioneer species?

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Becomes more diverse

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As ecological development proceeds, a biological community

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Is relatively stable and long lasting

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A climax community is one that

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False

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True/ False: The most common reason that introduced species cause trouble is because they are larger than native species.

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True

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True/False: The introduction of a predator onto an island originally free from predators is likely to cause the extinction of native species

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False

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True/False: Sustainable development differs from traditional economic development in that it emphasizes economic development in the short term

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True

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True/False: Places in the world where indigenous people live tend to have high biodiversity

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1800

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The world human population reached 1 billion in about

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Religious restrictions on marriage

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Historically, up until the Middle Ages, populations were mostly limited by

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70

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A population growing at 1% per year should double in about _____ years.

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35 years

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On an island in the South Pacific, there is a population of 1,000 South Pacific Splendor Birds. There is no immigration or emigration but there are 40 births and 20 deaths per year. The doubling time for the population of South Pacific Splendor Birds would be

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Been developed because there are more people, supporting the view that more people are the "ultimate resource"

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Technological optimists argue that technological advances are

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Disagreed about the root causes of overpopulation, poverty, and social upheaval

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Malthus and Marx

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High birth and death rates to low birth and death rates

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The demographic transition refers to a country's change from

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Women tend to have more influence in family planning

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Many demographers believe believe that birth rates generally decrease as the level of development increases because

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Resources are distributed fairly

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Proponents of social justice believe that environmental and social problems will decrease if

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Decide in advance how many children they should have

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Family planning means enabling people to

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Condoms

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Which of the following is a mechanical barrier to conception?

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Men protest about possible hormonal changes and a repressed sexual drive

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Male contraceptives are less common than female contraceptives because

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