Psych study guide – Flashcards
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Which psychological perspective most clearly focuses on how we learn observable responses
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Behavioral
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Studies relationships between thought processes and brain functions
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Cognitive neuroscience
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Professor Brody attempts to measure the relative contribution of gene based traits and social factors on homosexuality behavior his research best illustrates
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The behavior genetics perspective
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Dr.kim believes that teens are pressured to behave aggressively by their friends, her belief best illustrates
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The social cultural perspective
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"I could have told you that"
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Hindsight bias
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In a written report of their research psychologists state exactly how anxiety is measured providing their readers with a
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Operational definition
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Professor sexton was skeptical about the accuracy of research on sleep loss. As a check on the study he should use
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Replication
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Which research method would be best used for investigating
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Survey
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Surveys indicate that people are much less approving of "welfare" than aid to the needy this represents
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Framing
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Jay wants to find out how students reacted to a proposed tuition hike at her school. She sends a question are to every 15th person from the alphabetical order list what technique is she using
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Random sample
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Psychologists who carefully watch the behavior of chimpanzee families in their jungle habitat are using a research method known as
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Naturalistic observation
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Displaying data in a scatter plot can help us see the extent to which two variables are
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Correlating
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Suppose those who watch a lot of TV violence are likely to behave aggressively. This relationship would not necessarily mean that that watching violence influences aggressive behavior because
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Correlation does not mean causation
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Kelly dreamed a handsome young man she met the other day asked her out on a date, when he actually did several days later she concluded her dreams predict the future. Her belief best illustrates
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Illusory correlation
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Researchers are studying how social interaction affects problem solving. Some participants are instructed to solve problems working together. The other group working alone is the
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Control group
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Talking over the experiment to the test subjects
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Debriefing
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Chromosomes are composed of
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DNA molecules
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An organisms set of genetic instructions is called the
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Genome
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Originate from the fertilization of one egg by one sperm
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Identical twins
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Taking drugs during pregnancy is likely to expose unborn children to
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Teratogens
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When touched on the cheek infants reflexively
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Turn, open their mouth, and root
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Intense and reactive infants become unusually anxious and aroused when facing new or strange situations this best describes the importance of
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Temperament
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Horace, the youngest child of a highschool athletic director, was able to roll over at 3 months, crawl at 6 months, and walk at 12 months. This sequence of motor development was largely to
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Maturation
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Correct order of piagets stages of cognitive development
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Sensorimotor,pre operational,concrete operational, formal operational
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4 year old Sachiko mistakenly believes her mother would like a doll for Christmas this best illustrates
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Egocentrism
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According to Piaget this is people's frameworks for understanding their experiences
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Schemas
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When a child realizes that others may have beliefs that the child knows to be false, the child's has developed a
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Theory of mind
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Marissa resents the burden and constraints of caring for her infant daughter and frequently ignore her cries for attention. As a consequence her daughter is likely to display sights of
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Insecure attachment
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"Because I said so!!" Parenting
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Authoritarian
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Obie believes that violating government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives
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Post conventional morality
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Although Adam happily explores the attractive toys in the dentist waiting room he periodically returns to his mothers side desplaying signs of
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Secure attachment
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Extends from the beginnings of sexual maturity to independent adulthood
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Adolescence
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Young teens do not have a fully developed
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Frontal lobe
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Songy acts very different with her friends that she often thinks her personality is phony. Erik erikson would suggest she is experiencing
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Identity v role confusion
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A persons accumulated knowledge and verbal skills
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Crystallized intelligence
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Menopause is a decline in
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Fertility
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Learning involves a change in
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Behavior due to experience
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Pet dogs who learn that sounds of an electric can opener signals the arrival of their dog food best illustrates
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Classical conditioning
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Children often learn to associate pushing a vending machine button with the delivery of a candy bar, this best illustrates
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Operant conditioning
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In a classical conditioning a stimulus that elicits no response before the conditioning is an
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Unconditioned stimulus
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A child's fear at a needle is a
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Conditioned response
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Not being afraid of something anymore
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Extinction
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Refers to reappearance after a pause of an extinguished conditioned response
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Spontaneous recovery
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When toddlers at conditioned to fear moving cars they also become afraid of moving trucks. This best illustrates the process of
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Generalization
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(Operant chamber) containing a bar or key an animal must manipulate in order to get food
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Skinner box
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Mason a stockbroker runs every day after work because it reduces stress Mason's running habit is maintained by a
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Negative reinforcer
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Resistance to extinction is greatest with
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Partial reinforcement
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Blake a carpet installer who wants to be paid for every square foot of carpet he lays rather than by the hour. Blake prefers a
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Fixed ratio schedule
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Pop quizzes are on a
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Variable interval schedule
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To stop themselves from destructive behaviors therapists have squirted water in their faces when they bite themselves. The squirt of water is
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Positive punishment
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The desire to preform a behavior to gain a reward or avoid a punishment involves
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Extrinsic motivation
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Which pioneering learning researcher highlighter the antisocial effects of aggressive models on children's behavior
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Bandura
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During the test Kelsey could not remember the definition of implicit memory but she could remember exactly where it was on what page. Her memory of the words on the page is best described by
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Imagery
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How you encode information about the sequence of your day
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Automatically
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Learning to say a word by spelling it out loud 30 times is known as
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Rehearsal
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Spacing out your study time to get better results
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Spacing effect
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Remembering how to solve a jigsaw puzzle without any conscious awareness of having this skill best illustrates
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Implicit memory
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Faustian can learn and remember how to read reversed mirror images but she is unable to remember the names of people she meets. She is most likely suffering damage to her
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Hippocampus
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The magic number 7 plus or minus 2 referees to the storage capacity of
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Short term memory
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Which memory has an essentially unlimited capacity
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Long-term
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When an eye witness to an auto accident is asked to describe what happened what type of memory is being used
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Recall
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When eighty year old Ida looks at old wedding pictures she is flooded with memories of her parents, her husband, and the end of her marriage. The pictures serve as powerful
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Retrieval cues
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Tricia is unable to recall which numbers on a telephone dial are not accompanied by letters this is most likely due to
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Encoding failure
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Mai is embarrassed because she fails to remember a good friends name. Mais poor memory is most likely results from a failure in
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Retrieval
